• 공업화학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.522-526
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• 2009

다양한 금속(Ru, Mn, Co, Fe)을 $Al_2O_3$와 $CeO_2$에 담지한 촉매를 이용하여 1,2-Dichlorobenzen (1,2-DCB) 제거를 위한 촉매산화 실험을 실시하였다. 이와 더불어 동시에 NOx 제거가 이루어져 단일 촉매층에서 산화/환원 이원 기능이 가능한 촉매를 연구하고자 하였다. 실험결과 1,2-DCB 산화제거효율은 Ru/Co/$Al_2O_3$, Mn-Fe/$CeO_{2}$, 상용촉매인 Cr/$Al_2O_3$ 순으로 나타났다. 또한 1,2-DCB 산화제거효율이 가장 우수하였던 Ru/Co/$Al_2O_3$는 Chlorobenzene (CB)의 분해실험에서도 VOC 제거에 있어서 잘 알려진 Pt-Pd/$Al_2O_3$ 보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 $Cl_2$와 같은 생성물에 의하여 활성의 저하 및 황에 대한 내피독성과 내구성에서 우수한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. NOx 제거에 있어서도 $260^{\circ}C$에서 NOx 전환율이 70% 정도로 나타났다.

• 세라미스트
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have found a wide variety of commercial applications such as portable computer and mobile phone. In a fuel cell, the catalysts have an important role and durability and efficiency are determined by the ability of the catalyst. The activity of the catalyst is determined by the structure and shape control of the nanoparticles and the dispersion of the nanoparticles and application system. The surface energy of nanoparticles determines the activity by shape control and the nanostructure is determined by the ratio of bi- and tri-metals in the alloy and core-shell. The dispersion of nanoparticles depends on the type of support such as carbon, graphen and metal oxide. In addition, a hybrid system using both optical and electrochemical device has been developed recently.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.643-643
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• 2013

Recently, synthesis of low-dimensional nanostructures is gaining more importance due to their structural properties and growing potential applications. On the other hand, luminescent materials doped with rare earth ions have drawn immense attention. The commercial phosphors are based on many host materials. Among them, tungstates are being currently investigated by many research groups owing to a wide range of applications. Tungstates are formed by different metal cations (e.g., SrWO4, Na2WO4, NiWO4, Cr2WO6, and ZrW2O8) and their structure depends on the size of the metal cation. Tungstates with large bivalent cations (${\gg}0.1\;nm$) have the scheelite structure and the wolframite structure with smaller ions (＜0.1 nm). Strontium tungstate has the scheelite structure which is tetragonal with space group I41/a. The luminescent properties of the tungstate have been extensively explored in application fields such as sensors, detectors, lasers, photoluminiscent devices, photo catalysts, etc. In this work, we synthesized SrWO4 phosphors with different Eu3+ concentrations by using a facile route. The morphology was analyzed by using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, which exhibits the spherical shape. Transmission electron microscope image revealed the spheres composed of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed their tetragonal shape. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra were analyzed by varying the Eu3+ concentration, which shows a dominant red emission.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.425-429
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• 2014

호기성 벤질 알코올 산화반응용 상용촉매 개발을 위하여 팔라듐이 담지된 차콜 입자를 제조하였다. 특히 촉매의 팔라듐 분산도를 높이기 위해서 상온 이온성액체 중 하나인 [Hmim][$PF_6$]을 기능성 용매로 사용하여 입자를 합성하였다. 다양한 농도의 팔라듐을 함침하여 제조된 입자의 반응성을 측정한 결과 7.5 wt%의 촉매가 가장 우수한 반응 활성과 안정성을 나타내었다. 또한 조촉매로서 다양한 농도의 은입자를 합침하여 촉매를 제조하였다. 동일한 반응조건에서 팔라듐과 은의 질량 비율이 9 : 1인 촉매가 높은 금속 분산도로 인하여 가장 반응성이 우수하였다.

• 청정기술
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2016

상용 발전소에서 LNG를 제외한 대부분의 연료 연소시 SO₂의 배출은 필연적이며, 이는 NOx 저감용 SCR촉매의 내구성에 영향을 미치므로 저온영역에서 SO₂에 대한 내구성과 NOx 저감 성능이 우수한 SCR촉매 개발을 목적으로 Sb₂O₃의 함침량을 달리하여 metal foam 지지체에 코팅하여 촉매를 제조하였다. 실험실 규모의 상압반응기를 이용하여 NOx 저감 성능 시험을 수행하였고, 제조된 촉매의 특성은 Porosimeter, BET, SEM (scanning electron microscope), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) 기기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 촉매의 특성분석결과 비표면적은 Sb₂O₃의 함침량에 따라 증가하였고, NOx 전환활성 효율은 Sb₂O₃를 2 wt% 함침한 촉매가 가장 우수한 것으로 측정되었다. 또한 Sb₂O₃를 첨가한 촉매는 SO₂에 장시간 노출 시켰을 경우에도 NOx 전환활성 효율이 유지되는 것으로 나타났고, 활성온도영역과 SO₂의 존재 유무에 따라 Sb₂O₃ 함량을 조절함으로써 효율적인 촉매의 제조가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Zinc air 전지의 구성요소와 전지의 특징을 설명하였다. 리튬 이온 전지에 비해 월등히 높은 에너지 밀도를 가지고 있지만, 충전의 비가역성으로 인한 낮은 용량 유지 특성 때문에 zinc air 이차전지는 아직 상용화되지 못하였다. Zinc air 전지는 충방전에 관여하는 반응들의 속도가 느려서 그 반응들의 속도를 촉진해야 하는 특징이 있는가 하면 동시에 부식과 수소발생 반응의 속도는 오히려 느리게 해야 하는 까다로운 조건을 만족해야 한다. 기존의 전지들과 비교하면, 기초연구뿐 아니라, 전지의 기계적구조, 부식, 복합소재적인 요소의 적용이 더욱 필요한 연구분야라고 하겠다. 출력개선과 부식방지 그리고 공기의 공급에 대비한 물의 증발의 억제 등은 상충하는 성질을 동시에 만족해야 하는 복합소재의 특성이다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2017

In organic chemistry amide synthesis is performed through condensation of a carboxylic acid and an amine with releasing one equivalent of water via the corresponding ammonium carboxylate salt. This method is suffering from tedious processes and poor atom-economy due to the adverse thermodynamics of the equilibrium and the high activation barrier for direct coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Most of the chemical approaches to amides formations have been therefore being developed, they are mainly focused on secondary amides. Direct carbonylations of tertiary amines to amides have been an exotic field unresolved, in particular direct carbonylation of trimethylamine in lack of commercial need has been attracted much interests due to the versatile product of N,N-dimethylacetamide in chemical industries and the activation of robust N-C($sp^3$) bond in tertiary amine academically. This review is focused mainly on carbonylation of trimethylamine as one of the typical tertiary amines by transition metals of cobalt, rhodium, platinum, and palladium including the role of methyl iodide as a promoter, the intermediate formation of acyl iodide, the coordination ability of trimethylamine to transition metal catalysts, and any possibility of CO insertion into the bond of Me-N in trimethylamine. In addition reactions of acyl halides as an activated form of acetic acid with amines are reviewed in brief since acyl iodide is suggested as a critical intermediate in those carbonylations of trimethylamine.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.876-885
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• 2018

폐 RHDM(Residue Hydrodemetallation) 촉매상에 침적된 비활성화 성분인 탄소, 황 을 고온배소 처리하여 제거한 후, 과량 침적되어 있는 바나듐은 초음파 교반기에서 5~15wt% 옥살산 수용액을 이용하여 $50^{\circ}C$, 5분 조건하에 바나듐 추출량을 조절함으로써 NOx 저감을 위한SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) 촉매로의 적용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 폐촉매와 단계별 처리된 RHDM 촉매를 대상으로 상압반응기상에서 NOx 저감 효율을 측정하였고, 촉매의 성분분석은 ICP, C & S analyzer 및 XRF를 이용하여 분석하였다. 10wt% 옥살산 수용액으로 바나듐을 침출한 촉매가 가장 안정적이었으며 높은 NOx 저감 효율을 보였다. 이를 메탈폼 형태의 지지체에 워시코팅한 촉매는 상용 SCR 촉매와 동등 수준의 NOx 저감 효율을 나타내었다. 따라서 폐 RHDM 촉매의 처리 조건 조정에 관한 후속 연구를 통하여 각 적용처에 적합한 SCR 촉매로의 이용 가능성은 충분할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.96-110
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• 2024

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are green energy conversion devices, for which commercial markets have been established, owing to their application in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Development of cathode electrocatalysts, replacing commercial Pt/C, plays a crucial role in factors such as cost reduction, high performance, and durability in FCVs. PtNi octahedral catalysts are promising for oxygen reduction reactions owing to their significantly higher mass activity (10-15 times) than that of Pt/C; however, their application in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is challenged by their low stability. To overcome this durability issue, various approaches, such as third-metal doping, composition control, halide treatment, formation of a Pt layer, annealing treatment, and size control, have been explored and have shown promising improvements in stability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) testing. In this review, we aimed to compare the features of each strategy in terms of enhancing stability by introducing a stability improvement factor for a direct and reasonable comparison. The limitations of each strategy for enhancing stability of PtNi octahedral are also described. This review can serve as a valuable guide for the development of strategies to enhance the durability of octahedral PtNi.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.941-946
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• 2002

Both Cu and Cu-oxide nanopowders have great potential as conductive paste, solid lubricant, effective catalysts and super conducting materials because of their unique properties compared with those of commercial micro-sized ones. In this study, Cu and Cu-oxide nanopowders were prepared by Pulsed Wire Evaporation (PWE) method which has been very useful for producing nanometer-sized metal, alloy and ceramic powders. In this process, the metal wire is explosively converted into ultrafine particles under high electric pulse current (between $10^4$ and $10^{ 6}$ $A/mm^2$) within a micro second time. To prevent full oxidations of Cu powder, the surface of powder has been slightly passivated with thin CuO layer. X-ray diffraction analysis has shown that pure Cu nanopowders were obtained at $N_2$ atmosphere. As the oxygen partial pressure increased in $N_2$ atmosphere, the gradual phase transformation occurred from Cu to $Cu_2$O and finally CuO nanopowders. The spherical Cu nanopowders had a uniform size distribution of about 100nm in diameter. The Cu-oxide nanopowders were less than 70nm with sphere-like shape and their mean particle size was 54nm. Smaller size of Cu-oxide nanopowders compared with that of the Cu nanopowders results from the secondary explosion of Cu nanopowders at oxygen atmosphere. Thin passivated oxygen layer on the Cu surface has been proved by XPS and HRPD.