• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to determine effect of the mixed herbal medicine for the substitution of antibiotics on the performance of laying hens. Day old hyline 1,500 layer chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. Control were 600 chicks and there were three treatments of each 300 chicks. The 4 treatments were as follows: the mixed herbal medicine 0.1%(T-1), 0.3%(T-2) and 0.5%(T-3) after removed antibiotics on commercial feed and commercial feed( control) from 5th week to 13th week, each treatment was replicated 3 times and from 14th week to 18th week. Each 100 hens of the mixed herbal medicine 0.1%(CT-1), 0.3%(CT-2) and 0.5%(CT-3) were moved to cage. Body weight were measured on 4th, 8th, 13th week and feed intake, mortality were measured on every weeks. Body weight at fourth week, all treatments tended to be higher than control and T-3 statistically was highest(p<0.01). On 8th week, also treatments statistically high and T-1 was highest(p<0.01). But 12th week, there was not significantly different among treatments. Therefore it will be possible that the mixed herbal medicine substitute for antibiotics after vaccination. Mortality was not different between treatment and control overall rearing period. Early laying period($19{\sim}41wk$), T-2 showed highest feed intake(107.1g) among treatments, later laying period($42{\sim}77wk$), T-1 showed highest feed intake(134.3g) and was not any different among each treatments.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance indices among male commercial crossbred Korean native chickens from hatch to twelve weeks of age. A total of 312 one-day-old male birds were used for 6 groups of the commercial crossbred Korean native chicken within 1 paternal line and 6 maternal lines (1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A). The chickens were allocated to 24 battery cages to give 4 replicates per each crossbreed with 13 chickens per cage. Ad-libitum feeding was practiced throughout the experimental period and fresh water was available via nipple drinkers at all times. Body weight and feed intake were measured at two-week interval. Among six crossbreeds, the 2A group had the greatest (p < 0.05) body weight at week 8 and the greatest average daily weight gain in week 6 - 8. However, crossbreed 2A had the lowest viability (p < 0.05) at week 8 of all crossbreed groups as well as higher uniformity (p > 0.05) at week 2 than the others. No difference (p < 0.05) was found in any crossbreed Korean native chicken's growth performance indices including body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, uniformity, and viability after week 8. With this in mind, crossbreed 2A had greater bodyweight, average daily gain, average feed intake, and feed efficiency than the other Korean native chickens 84 days after hatch, although they had lower uniformity and viability than the others.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2013

We performed four sets of feeding trials to establish optimum feed size (Exp-I), stocking density (Exp-II) and feeding frequency (Exp-III and IV) for Korean rockfish. In Exp-I, three different particle sizes of a commercial diet (small, 2.0-2.1 mm; medium, 2.4-3.2 mm; and large, 4.0-5.3 mm) were fed to four replicate groups of fish ($22.8{\pm}0.1g$), each of which was fed to apparent satiation for six weeks. In Exp-II, fish ($44.3{\pm}0.4g$) were reared at four stocking densities (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 $kg/m^3$) and fed a commercial diet to apparent satiation for four weeks. In Exp-III, fish ($14.8{\pm}0.1g$) were fed a commercial diet once, twice, thrice, $4{\times}$ or $5{\times}$ a day at a feeding ratio of 3.25% of body mass. Another group of fish was fed the same commercial diet $5{\times}$ a day to apparent satiation; this treatment was designated FS (five times satiation/day). In Exp-IV, fish ($31.3{\pm}0.1g$) were fed a commercial diet once, twice, thrice or $4{\times}$ a day to apparent satiation. Another group of fish was fed to apparent satiation once every 48 hours. In Exp-I, fish fed the large particle (4.0-5.3 mm) diet had a significantly higher feed conversion ratio and lower protein efficiency ratio than fish fed the small particle diet. In Exp-II, groups of fish reared at densities of 4.5 and 6.0 $kg/m^3$ had significantly higher feed intake and growth performance than fish reared at 1.5 and 3.0 $kg/m^3$. In Exp-III, fish fed to apparent satiation had significantly higher growth performances than fish fed once or $4{\times}$ a day. A significantly higher feed conversion ratio and a lower protein efficiency ratio were obtained in the FS group. In Exp-IV, growth performance and feed utilization efficiency were not significantly affected by experimental variation in feeding frequency. Fish fed to apparent satiation once every 48 hours had better feed utilization than those in other treatments and growth performances of those were comparable. Therefore, the optimum feed particle size, stocking density and feeding frequency for Korean rockfish under conditions we used were 2.0-3.2 mm, 4.5-6.0 $kg/m^3$, and once a day or once every 48 hour, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1479-1484
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• 2005

A study was conducted to determine the effects of restricted feeding and feed form on the growth performance, characteristics of carcass and digestive tract, and days to first egg of Japanese quail (JQ, Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 240 oneweek-old JQ chicks were allocated randomly into 4 experimental groups that consisted of 3 replicates according to a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement for two feeding methods (ad libitum, AF and restricted feeding, RF) and two diet forms (mash, MD and crumble, CD). The JQ chicks were placed in a room with floor battery brooders and fed a commercial starter diet from 7 to 14 d of age. According to the experimental design, four treatments (1: ad libitum MD, 2: restricted MD, 3: ad libitum CD, and 4: restricted CD) were applied. Feed restriction was applied by 30% reduction of ad libitum feed intake for both MD and CD from 15 to 28 d of age. All birds were fed ad libitum with treatment diets from 29 d of age until the first laid egg seen (45 d of age). The commercial starter diet, MD and CD were in the same nutrient content (240 g crude protein with 13.4 MJ ME per kg diet). The body weight and overall feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain) were higher (p<0.05) for the AF quails than the RF at 42 d of age. Carcass weights, dressing percentage and percentage yields of breast and back were similar for AF and RF groups at 42 d of age. The RF delayed (p<0.05) onset of egg production 2 days compared to the AF. Quail fed with the CD showed higher value (p<0.05) for carcass weight and dressing percentage at 42 d of age compared to birds fed with the MD. The interaction effect of feeding method${\times}$feed form on any of the studied parameters was not significant. The results suggest that feed restriction as in the present study can achieve a better feed conversion without reduction in carcass weight, and a significant benefit of feeding the crumble diet over the mash diet was obtained in terms of carcass weight in the JQ.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2_spc호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2022

This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

Catalytic oligomerization of isobutene to produce triisobutenes has been performed over a cation-exchange resin (Amberlyst-35) by using commercial C4 feeds. The catalytic activity in the oligomerization was retained without deactivation up to 90 h of reaction in a simulated reaction feed without butadiene, but its activity was significantly affected by the presence of butadiene in commercial C4 feeds. The isobutene conversion with time-on-stream was significantly decreased in the presence of butadiene, indicating the catalyst deactivation by butadiene. However, the stable activity for trimerization was accomplished when the oligomerization was carried out after eliminating butadiene by hydrogenation of the feeds. This work demonstrates that butadiene plays a role as a catalyst poison on the solid acid catalyst, so that its removal in the reactant feed is essential for practical application of trimerization.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2004

Trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA)는 발수발유용 특수도료나 광섬유의 외관에 중요하게 쓰여지는 코팅제에 쓰여지는 산업적으로 중요한 단량체로, 주로 산촉매 하에 trifluoro ethanol (TFEA)와 methacrylic acid (MA)의 에스테르화 반응에 의해 제조된다. 이러한 TFEMA의 제조에 투과증발막의 적용가능성을 알아보기 위한 선행연구로서, 상용화된 폴리비닐알콜계 투과증발막(GFT Membrane $Pervap^{\circledR}1005$)을 대상으로 반응물의 하나인 trifluoroethanol (TFEA)을 대상으로 온도와 농도의 변화에 따른 투과증발실험을 실시하였다. 투과증발실험 결과 TFEA 농도가 90에서 99 wt%로 높아질수록 투과용액 내의 물의 감소에 기인한 전체투과량은 감소하였다. TFEA/물 선택도는 95 wt% TFEA 농도까지는 높아지는 경향을 보였지만 97 wt%부터 감소하여 99 wt%에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 운전온도가 상승함에 따라 투과도의 증가와 더불어, 선택도도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 적용된 TFEA 농도와 운전온도의 범위에서 GFT막은 물에 대한 우수한 투과도와 선택성을 보였다. 이러한 TFEA/물 혼합용액에 대한 높은 탈수성능은 GFT 투과증발막이 TFEMA의 에스테르화 막반응기에 적용될 수 있음을 확인시켜 주었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

본 연구는 쑥 펠렛 사료를 거세돈과 비거세돈에게 각각 0, 3, 5%를 배합사료에 첨가급여 한 후 도축하여 등심부위를 4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 보관하면서 저장성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 돈육의 pH는 시험구에서 거세돈이 대조구에 비하여 약간 낮았지만 비거세돈은 차이가 없었으며, 가열감량과 보수력은 시험구가 대조구에 비하여 약간 높았다. 저장기간 중 돈육의 pH나 가열감량 보수력은 저장기간이 증감함에 모든 처리구에서 증가하였다.(p＜0.05). 육색의 명도(L)는 쑥 펠렛 3%첨가구가 모든 처리구 중에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2003

본 연구는 쑥 분말을 돼지 사료에 첨가하여 0, 1, 3%의 비율로 비육후기 30일간 급여한 후 도축하여 4$^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 저장하면서 이화학적 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 대조구에 비하여 처리구(T1, T2)에서 조지방 함량이 약간 낮은 경향이었다. pH와 TBARS는 대조구에 비하여 처리구에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 pH, TBARS, VBN와 보수력은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 돈육의 주된 지방산은 oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid와 stearic acid이었다. 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid 함량이 높은 경향이었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.388-401
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the total digestible nutrients (TDN) level of commercial concentrates on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late fattening Hanwoo steers. A total of 28 steers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups; T1 (73.30% TDN), T2 (74.50% TDN), T3 (76.40% TDN), and T4 (77.10% TDN). Average daily gain (ADG) was slightly but not significantly higher in the T2 than in the other treatments. Dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher in the T2 than in the other treatments; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Carcass back fat thickness was thicker in the T4 and marbling score was higher in the T2 than in the other treatments; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The TDN level of concentrates had no effect on the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the longissimus muscle. The finding of this study indicate that less than 74% or greater than 75% TDN in the commercial concentrate did not contribute to improve ADG, FCR, marbling score; therefore, in the present study, the recommendable TDN level in the commercial concentrate for late fattening period was 74% to 75% in terms of growth performance and marbling score of Hanwoo steer.