• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.712-718
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• 2005

In this study, a translator for transferring structural analysis data among commercial structural analysis programs was developed. The translator adopted the neutral format type based on ISO standard STEP AP 209 not only for the international standardization and robustness but also for the efficient management of structural analysis data Additional load entity is developed and added to AP 209 for the prevention of loss of information in retrieving exact loading condition. A modulization which is needed for efficient management and extension of the translator was made for the encapsulation of file format of each commercial code. Pilot tests peformed with 3-D frame analysis data of Sung-su bridge show that the developed translator guarantees the integrated management of analysis information as well as the exact transferring and retrieving of analysis data and related information.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.387-392
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• 2001

Kobe Steel, LTD. and Midrex Technologies Inc. jointly developed the FASTMET$\circledR$ process as a steel mill waste recycle technology in which the DRI product meets BF feed material or BOF/EAF feed material requirements. FASTMET(R) process turns value-less wastes into valuable DRI and sellable zinc oxide, and gives the solution for the steel mill wastes recycling from both economical and environmental viewpoints. During the development of the process, Laboratory, Pilot Plant and Demonstration Plant tests were carried out from 1990 to 1998. The first FASTMET(R) commercial plant began operation in April, 2000 and the second commercial plant started in April, 2001 Both commercial plants have proceeded successfully preying that FASTMET$\circledR$ is a suitable process for recycling steel mill waste and for producing DRI as an iron source.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 1998

Mixtures of hog manure slurry and sawdust were composted by an intermittent aeration method to verify the performance evaluation of pilot-scale reactor vessels during composting high rate (decomposition) process. Instrumentation was designed to measure temperatures in compost, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration, air flow rates, and ammonia gas emitted. It was found that ammonia concentration during composting high rate decreased more quickly to the allowable range of 34-40 ppm after 14days at near the optimal levels (II) than in the case of lower levels (I). The influence of the optimal levels (II) such as moisture content (55-65%), C/N ratio (20-40), pH (7-8) and temperature in compost (<$60^{\circ}C$) on the reduction of ammonia gas was considerable for commercial composting.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2016

The drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle which has no human pilot. Drones can be classified into military drones, commercial drones, and personal drones by usage. Also, drones can be classified from large-sized to nano-sized drone by size and autonomous, remote controlled drone by control type. Especially, military drones can be classified into low-altitude drones, medium-altitude, and high-altitude drones by altitude. Recently, the drone industry is one of the fast growing industries in the world. As drone technologies have become more advanced and cost-effective, Korean government has set its goal to become a top-level country in drone business. However, the government's strict regulation for drone operations is one of the biggest hurdles for the development of the related technologies in Korea and other countries. For example, critical problems for drone delivery can be classified into technical issues and institutional issues. Technical issues include durability, conditional awareness, grasp and release mechanisms, collision avoidance systems, drone operating system. Institutional issues include pilot and operator licensing, privacy rules, noise guidelines, security rules, education for drone police. This study analyzes the trends of the drone industry from the viewpoint of technology and regulation. Also, we define the business areas of drone utilization. Especially, the drone business types or models for public sector are proposed. Drone services or functions promoting public interests need to be aligned with the business reference model of Korean government. To define ten types of drone uses for public sector, we combine the business types of government with the future uses of drones that are proposed by futurists and business analysts. Future uses of drones can be divided into three sectors or services. First, drone services for public or military sectors include early warning systems, emergency services, news reporting, police drones, library drones, healthcare drones, travel drones. Second, drone services for commercial or industrial services include parcel delivery drones, gaming drones, sporting drones, farming and agriculture drones, ranching drones, robotic arm drones. Third, drone services for household sector include smart home drones.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.24-32
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• 2014

Due to the rapid growth of domestic and overseas airline markets, the demand for airline pilots has also been growing fast. Meeting such a market needs, central government, Ministry of Land and Transportation has set up civil airline pilot training center at Ulgin airport to train and provide the market with commercial airline pilots. Not only central government but universities in Korea also have tried to train pilots by operating flight training academies. Even though there are more than a dozen of flight training centers including colleges and private academies, there have been less efforts to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of the flight training school's curriculums compared to other scholar majors in a university. Therefore this paper tried to evaluate the educational effectiveness of the curriculums using the Kirk-Patrick measurement model, which has been regarded as one of the most popular and accurate measurement tool for an empirical research in social science. According to the empirical research, it was found out the inter-personal relationship between an instructor pilot and flight trainee was perceived as the most important factor to have an impact on learning abilities and student's behaviors.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2019

Plating wastewater containing various heavy metals can be produced by several industries. Specifically, we focused on the removal of copper (Cu2+) and nickel (Ni+) ions from the plating wastewater because all these ions are strictly regulated when discharged into watershed in Korea. The application of both nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing copper and nickel ions to reduce fresh water consumption and environmental degradation was investigated. In this work, the removal of copper (Cu2+) and nickel (Ni+) ions from synthetic water was studied on pilot scale remove by before using two commercial nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis(RO) spiral-wound membrane modules (NE2521-90 and RE2521-FEN by Toray Chemical). The influence of main operating parameters such as feed concentration on the heavy metals rejection and permeate flux of both membranes, was investigated. Synthetic plating wastewater samples containing copper ($Cu^{2+}$) and nickel ($Ni^{2+}$) ions at various concentrations(1, 20, 100, 400 mg/L) were prepared and subjected to treatment by NF and RO in the pilot plant. The results showed that NF, RO process, with 98% and 99% removal for copper and nickel, respectively, could achieve high removal efficiency of the heavy metals.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.939-944
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• 2001

For the application of simultaneous $DeSO_{2}\;&\;DeNO_{x}$ equipment using non-thermal plasma process to the industrial and power plants, the many types of plasma device and process were studied. The e-beam and pulsed plasma corona discharge process are outstanding for the study to apply commercial large-scale plant from among these. In this paper, non-thermal plasma of technical trends and the characteristics of system developed by Doosan heavy industries & construction Co., Ltd. are explained. We have researched pulsed plasma corona discharge process since 1994. At the basis of reasonable results for the pilot plant, we constructed the demonstration plant at a domestic coal-fired power plant in 1999, as the previous step for commercial use. In near future, enough information about designs and costs of commercial-size system will be obtained.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.31-50
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• 2020

The leading foreign arbitration agencies have established a representative office in China since 2015 to improve their arbitration agencies' problem being neglected by foreign parties. The Chinese government has enacted a system in which mediation services can be provided in China. The Chinese government seems to expect that if foreign arbitration agencies enter China and compete with Chinese arbitration agencies, Chinese arbitration agencies will also have an opportunity to develop through competition. In addition, it seems to reflect the expectation of Chinese parties that rather than using a foreign arbitration agency under foreign countries as the arbitration site to settle disputes, it would be more advantageous to arbitrate in China as the arbitration site with a foreign arbitration agency. The Chinese government has adopted a strategy to gradually open China's commercial arbitration service market to foreign arbitration agencies. Regarding the scope of arbitration services, China opened an arbitration service market limited to non-profit activities and foreign arbitration agencies in 2015 and then opened it to commercial activities in 2019. Also, the provision of arbitration services by foreign arbitration agencies is limited to foreign-invested companies registered in the Shanghai Pilot Trade Zone and parties in China, which are the counterparties of disputes between them. It will take a little more time to see how much the Chinese government will expand the number of parties that can use foreign arbitration agencies in the future.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.69-88
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• 2022

Recently, International commerce has continuously expanded with the development of logistics technology. However, the cost of international logistics is rising rapidly. The Korea International Trade Association (2021) proposes that the use of international commercial terms in Incoterms® could be an effective way against logistics costs. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect on the flexible operation of international commercial terms. For the detection of variables and data collection for empirical analysis based on previous studies and in-depth interviews. The questionnaires were distributed after pilot-study to a random sample of companies based on the list of members such as the Korea International Trade Association, the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency, and the Global Small and Medium Business Association. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed, and 166 were used for empirical analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, mutual cooperation and Flexibly using of international commercial terms has a positive (+) effect on logistics efficiency. This is in line with the study of Yang (2021) and Stojanović et al. (2021) that logistics by using international commercial terms will increase the efficiency of logistics. Second, use of international commercial terms based on mutual understanding mediates the relationship between the logistics environment of the other country and the logistics efficiency. As in the study of Vidrova (2020), it is important to operate on international commercial terms mutually.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.771-782
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze local retailers' recognition of commercial power altered by urban regeneration. For the purpose of this study, analysis is performed on pilot urban regeneration priority projects implemented in the city of Changwon. Although regeneration of commercial districts directly affect the local retailers therein, little research has been carried out to examine how they recognize such changes. This study, therefore, identifies those factors that have influence on the recognition of local retailers who would be aware of the alteration of their commercial power more immediately than others do. Using an ordered logit model, empirical analysis on two pilot projects for Odong-dong and Chang-dong indicates that retailers in Odong-dong are more likely to have a negative recognition toward the altered business areas. For the both districts, recognition of business area alterations is affected with statistical significance by how long they have run their shops, how many employees they hire, and whether they believe that the urban regeneration has resulted in gentrification. For each of the mentioned district, recognition in Odong-dong is significantly impacted by the number of employees and recognized rent changes, while in Chang-dong, the age of retailers and the perceived presence of gentrification have statistically significant influence. Issues found by this study need to be addressed prior to the upcoming 'Urban Regeneration New Deal Project', which then will bring satisfaction to each and every local residents including those retailers.