• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1990

'What is nursing' this question could always be arised and such a question could bring forth the new possibility to definete the nursing concept more clearly. At the middle of 19th Centry, Mrs. Nightingale defined the concept of nursing as follows; 'Nursing is a kind of treatment act to aid the patient so that the health of patients may be recovered naturally, as keeping the most comfortable circumstances.' But after then, the role and function of nurses about purpose and method of nursing has continuously been studied, as the social circumstance has been changed. The fact that care provider and client have the same concept about nursing is very important at the first step of assessment. But at the present time, the care provider and client have not same concept yet, so the difference of unrsing concept between care provider and client is analyzed in this study. This study would be belived to be helpful for the advance of nursing in the future. In this study, 20 questionare from nursing objectives developed by Abdellah(basic care needs, sustenal care needs, remedial care needs and restorative care needs) are used for adult. The data of this study by the 6 point rating scale are analyzed by SAS as follows; 1. Respondent's view is that nursing is necessary in case of group(school or company) rather than private and in case of abnormal conditions rather than normal conditions. 2. Every questionares of nursing objectives are divided into 4 points of view such as basic care needs, sustenal care needs, remedial care needs and restorative care needs are examined. The evaluation by 6 point rating scale revealed that $5.08\pm0.65$ point in basic care needs $4.93\pm0.68$ point in sustenal care needs $4.91\pm0.80$ point in remedial care needs and $4.61\pm0.91$ point in restorative care needs. While basic care needs and substenal care needs that need more physical care show high points, remedial care needs and restorative care needs that need more psychological, social and spiritual care show low points. 3. It was checked whether there is any significant difference between above 4 point of views in nursing objectives and qeneral characteristics or not. As a result, there is significant difference between 4 point of view and ages, educational level, marriage, composition of children. And also there is significant difference between religion and basic care needs, remedial care needs and restorative care needs. But there is no significant difference between any point of view and sex, occupation, experience of admission and experience of family admission. As this study is based on the data gethered from a restricted area, the result can not represent the opinion of all the clients. Therefore the same kind of study should be carried out on many areas repeatedly and also it should be tried to extract objective concept. And also periodical study is needed to observe the changing process of nursing concept.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.423-434
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate preservice earth science teachers' mental models through applications of Coriolis force experiment apparatus. After the root of preconception was examined by face to face interviews based on the questionnaire, five preservice earth science teachers were finally selected for this study. The mental models about concept of Coriolis force was classified into naive mental model, static unstable mental model, dynamic unstable mental model, and scientific mental model through the result of individual interviews and their drawings. According to the mental model analysis about Coriolis' force conception, students C and M showed naive mental model about concept of Coriolis force before experiment. After the experiment, student M's model changed to static unstable mental model. Student C's model improved to dynamic unstable mental model. In adiition, students D and O's model improved from static unstable mental model to dynamic unstable mental model. In the case of student B, the dynamic unstable mental model was maintained after the experiment, however, student B's preconception changed to scientific concept. It turned out that a change occurred from low mental model level to integrated mental model after the application of the developed Coriolis' force experiment apparatus. According to the results, national curriculum is similar to static unstable mental model and the result of developed Coriolis' force experiment apparatus is similar to dynamic unstable mental model. It is suggested that it become the theoretical foundation to develop more comfortable and advanced Coriolis force experiment apparatus by improving the experiment apparatus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to: (a) identify students' patronage behaviors on university foodservice, (b) evaluate customers' perception and detect complaints on food service quality, and (c) recommend new design of food service operation by identifying relative importance of university foodservice attributes. The questionnaire was developed and distributed to 400 undergraduates. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS/Win 12.0 for descriptive analysis and conjoint analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows: Students were patronizing university foodservice 3.4 times per week because of 'a short distance', 'a low price' and 'speedy meals' and evaluated overall satisfaction and value as low level. Customers were dissatisfied with eight among twelve food service attributes including handling customer's complain ASAP, According to conjoint analysis, price $(37\%)$ was considered as the most important factor and atmosphere $(30\%),\;food\;(22\%)$ and distance $(11\%)$ were the next factors. Profile 2, which had 4 attributes of a location within 6-10 min, comfortable circumstances, a meal served with 4 side-dish and dessert and a meal price of \2,000 firstly, were recommend as new food service operation model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to suggest guidelines of bicycle lanes in terms of landscape architecture with special reference to Kyongju. The research is mainly based on landscape satisfaction factors analysis regarding 16 variables and 10 slide photos of bicycles lanes. The 43 students of Landscape Department in Kyungpook National University were selected for the research. The major research findings are as follows; 1. Satisfaction degree of 16 variables are assessed in terms of semantic differential scale. The assess group is generally satisfied with variables concerning bicycle lane environment such as $\ulcorner$inclination of the lane (5.2)$\lrcorner$and $\ulcorner$road pavement conditions (5.1)$\lrcorner$. But the group expresses rather low satisfaction degree on the variables related lanes' surrounding landscape such as $\ulcorner$visual variety (3.9)$\lrcorner$, spacious resting place (3.7)$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$variety of facilities (3.1)$\lrcorner$. 2. The level of satisfaction degree regarding 16 variables and 10 photos shows that the male gives relatively higher satisfaction degree than the female group. But there is no statistical significance between the group regarding satisfaction degree of each variable and photo except 4 variables and 2 photos. 3. The assess group gives the highest satisfaction degree on the$\ulcorner$no. 10 slide (6.5)$\lrcorner$ and the lowest on the $\ulcorner$no. 7 slide (2.7)$\lrcorner$. The two photo shows variables of more than 4 points difference of satisfaction degree, such as $\ulcorner$good looking planting threes (4.8)$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$enough shadows (4.8)$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$comfortable atmosphere(4.1)$\lrcorner$. 4. $\ulcorner$Aesthetic and amenity factor$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$use condition factors$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$ike lane environment factors$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$inclination and open view factors$\lrcorner$are the main four factors influencing landscape satisfaction of bicycle lane. Regression model using factor scores for landscape satisfaction degree of bike lane is S(Satisfaction degree)=4.526+1.099(aesthetic and amenity factor)+0.720(use condition factors)+0.486(bike lane environment factors)+0.048(inclination and open view factors($R^2$=0.811).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate human thermal comfort by spatial structure and to explore solutions to improve the thermal environment of a small urban space. The study site was Korea University campus. Thermal conditions were measured to evaluate the quality of the thermal environment in each type of space within the study site. Micrometeorology measurements, analysis of space characteristics for using fish-eye lens photography, and thermal comfort modeling through the use of collected meteorological data, such as temperature and humidity, were performed. Results showed that the level of thermal comfort for humans differs depending on the types of space within the study site. Thermal comfort is better in open spaces than enclosed in the aspect of radiative mean temperature, Predicted Mean Vote(PMV), and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature(PET). This fact is probably due to shadows or buildings or trees that may block solar radiation. Thus, it is necessary to consider the spatial arrangements of buildings and trees to enhance openness and ventilation in the space. Paving materials and exterior building materials should also be selected to lower the radiant temperature. Given these results, a quantitative evaluation on human thermal comfort could propose a way to plan user comfortable small urban spaces. Study methods used and results provided in the study can promote a better way for urban space planning direction to improve environmental quality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

University dormitories play an important role in both the campus experience and academic achievement, as well as providing the students with their basic necessities. Further, there is a high demand to increase the capacity in order to raise the retention rate and to invite more foreign students. Students' social interaction and sense of community (SOC) also play an important role in reducing the stress associated with studying and home sickness and, consequently,the campus is a place that provides positive opportunities for their personal growth and adaptation into their peer group social culture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the physical environment of the dormitory facilities on the students' sense of community and social interaction in across-cultural background.The ${\chi}^2$ analysis indicated that individual characteristics exist regarding SOC, however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two cultural groups. The factors of SOC and physical environment were higher in the Korean student group than in the U.S. group. The regression analysis indicated that the U.S. students considered a physically comfortable environment as the primary issue for social interaction, while the Korean group placed more emphasis on a family-oriented home environment. The linear analysis confirmed that satisfaction with the physical environment influenced the social interaction and SOC level. Finally, this study suggests that creating a homely environment is more important than the functioning of the institution in university dormitory planning.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.654-661
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• 2021

Air pollution caused by industrial development has become a level that can seriously threaten human health. In general, indoor air pollution is considered to be lower than outdoors, but modern people live indoors most of the time, thus it is essential to keep the indoor air quality comfortable in order to take care of one's own health and improve the quality of life. Therefore, the development of an indoor environment management platform using Internet of Things and data processing technology, which is currently drawing attention, is considered a very meaningful study. In this paper, we designed an IoT-based management platform that can remotely monitor and control indoor environments. In addition, the functions of the IoT terminal, gateway, and data server constituting the platform were implemented using open source and open libraries, and all functional operations were also verified. In particular, the IoT terminal and the gateway in this paper exchange data using BLE communication, so they can operate with relatively low power and since the gateway uses the BLE Advertising mode, it has the advantage of automatically recognizing IoT terminals that have not been previously configured.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The core competencies such as technology have been rapidly developing with advent of the fourth industrial revolution. One of the representative technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution is artificial intelligence(AI). In particular, AI makes human life richer and more comfortable and has many positive aspects. The negative aspect is that AI is likely to replace the organizational members' job and has the ability to replace skills associated with it. These threats may increase the level of perception that organizational members may loss their job. Moreover, it may lead to a sense of anxiety. In addition, organizational members who perceive job uncertainty highly, the job substitution anxiety may be become highly. According to this, their job satisfaction can be lower. Overall, this research emphasized the negative aspects of AI in contrast to the positive aspects of the fourth industrial era. It is also emphasized that the organization should need to recognize such problems and seek solutions to reduce workers' anxiety. Finally, practical implications and research directions of future study were presented through the research results.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2020

Purpose: According to the Body-EU education program, this study investigates changes after conducting education with ten subjects with autism symptoms (disability level 2~3) 63 times (126 hours) for nearly two years. Methods: Body-EU habit practice, note writings discussion, singing, Bible study, question and communication, class arrangement, etc., a total of 63 times were educated for 2 hours each week. Results: Subjects felt comfortable breathing and improved energy. Other subject's habit of an out-toed gait step and bending back alleviated. One subject made it easier to speak, so if talking with no strength. When breathing, the stuffy nose improved, the eyes became calm, and the hands and feet were warm. Subject felt like my head was cleaned. Heart tightness disappeared. Subject felt at ease as gaining confidence. The subject gained confidence in seeing whoever the other person was. The subject's pronunciation became more sophisticated, with more confidence, and his mouth cramping alleviated. Subjects with right eye movements showed a relatively high concentration in education time. Conclusions: Subjects are educated and trained in making general habits of their body from morning to going to bed. This study was a research program for ordinary people, but it confirmed with autism. Whether it was genetic autism or acquired autism, they could be somewhat relieved.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between cybersickness symptoms and visual function and to determine whether visual perception training is effective in reducing symptoms of cybersickness. The study subjects were healthy adult males who experienced the same virtual reality program for 15 minutes. Afterwards, the VR satisfaction score and cybersickness level were measured and classified into a comfortable virtual reality program viewer group (CVR group, 20 people) and an uncomfortable virtual reality program viewer group (UVR group, 20 people). Visual function test was performed on all subjects, and the vision therapy training program was applied to the UVR group once a week for 40 minutes 12 times, and then the visual function and SSQ questionnaire were re-evaluated. Subjects with diplopia were 55% in the UVR group and 5% in the CVR group, which was significantly higher in the UVR group, there were differences in stereopsis, exophoria, near point convergence(p<.01) and vergence function(p<.001) between the two groups. After vision therapy, changes in SSQ, stereopsis, near point convergence, and vergence function of UVR user group were positively changed(p<.01). Therefore, cybersickness symptoms are related to visual function, it seems that the vision therapy can be used as a way to alleviate the symptoms of cybersickness.