• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

This study focuses on Gilbert Simondon's individuation theory, a core concept of his technological philosophy, and spatial modality in interactive space as the schema of interactive operation. The study examines spatial modality as the technology of an interaction-enabler that has archi-semiotic characteristics in the designed space by aspects of examples. They are based on ideas and properties of a combined environment and the concept of information, which form Simondon's individuation theory. In the process of technological individuation, spatial modality has the characteristics of archi-semiotics from a combined environment and information. The first of the three properties is representation through semiosis and the information surface. Second is the context by relation works and perception, and third are the symbolic aspects, which could create Placeness by meaning. Combining meaningful constructive and deconstructive spaces could result in space for interactive communication. Spatial modality makes it possible to interact with users and spaces. In fact, it could have a particular semiotic mode of address and become a semiotic and contextual base. As a basic investigation of spatial modality, this study will contribute to interactive space design research.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) on the pain and recovery of function of acute low back pain patients. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 135 patients with acute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to mobilization group, stretching exercise group and modality treatment group. The mobilization group received mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) with modality treatment, exercise group received stretching exercise with modality treatment and modality treatment group received modality treatment. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure patient's pain level and Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was used to measure patient's functional disability level. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was mobilization group showed significantly decreased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly decreased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). 2. Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was mobilization group showed significantly increased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly increased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). Conclusion: It maybe suggested that mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) is beneficial treatment for acute low back pain patient.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.243-250
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• 2002

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 1990

From April 1985 to September 1989, 26 patients with stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavorable histology localized in head and neck region were treated with combined modality (combination chemotherapy plus radiotherapy) at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology in Kyungpook National University Hospital. Of the 26 patients, 23 showed complete response and 3 partial response. Between these two groups there were no statistical differences according to the variables. Three-year survival and disease-free survival rate were $62.4{\%}$ and $65.2{\%}$, respectively. Unilateral involvement of neck node (p<0.05), radiation dose over 5000 cGy (p<0.01), and 6 or more cycles chemotherapy (p=0.06) had a favorable effect on 3-year survival rate. There were 8 recurrences including 3 partial responders, 1 local failure, 1 distant failure, 1 contiguous failure, and 2 simultaneous local and distant failure. It could be suggested that combined modality treatment might be necessary for the treatment of stage I and II Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavorable histology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.749-754
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• 2016

Extended follow-up of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors indicates that these patients are at high risk of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This study examined the characteristics of HL survivors who developed SMNs with the aim to report any correlation with radiotherapy (RT) dose. In this retrospective multi-center cohort study of HL patients treated between 1990 and 2011 at three major teaching hospitals in Lebanon, classification was into two groups including those treated with combined modality (RT and chemotherapy-CHT) and those treated with CHT alone. Approval from the University Institutional Review Board (IRB) was obtained. Of the 112 patients evaluated, 52.7% (59) received the combined modality while 47.3% (53) received CHT alone. There were 6 cases of SMNs in the combined modality cohort and 5 cases in the CHT cohort. The mean RT dose in the combined modality cohort was 34.5 Gray (Gy) ($SD{\pm}5.3$). A statistically significant increase (1.5 fold) in the risk of developing SMNs was observed among patients who received a dose higher than 41 Gy compared to a dose between 20 to 30 Gy (OR= 1.5; 95% confidence interval= 0.674 to 3.339, p=0.012). The risk of SMNs was not significantly higher among patients who received extended field compared to involved field RT (p=0.964). This study showed that the risk of developing SMNs is higher among patients treated with RT dose greater than 31 Gy, independent of the RT type used.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2006

Purpose: For hypertrophic scars and keloids no universally effective treatment modality exists. Surgical revision, intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel sheeting, pressure, laser, and others have been used with variable success, but many treatments are associated with high recurrence rates. Although optimal treatment remains undefined, successful treatment can be obtained through a combined therapeutic approach. Methods: We used three therapeutic modalities in combination, which are intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide, silicone gel sheeting, and 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser. Fifty-eight cases of hypertrophic or keloid scar were treated by combined therapeutic regimen for mean period of 18 months. The changes of thickness, color, and pliability of scars were evaluated with clinical photographs by grading scale. Results: As summing the grades and categorizing the result into three group, we obtained 28% good, 67% fair, and 5% poor results. There was a desirable improvement of scars with insignificant adverse effects. Conclusion: Combination of intralesional steroid injection, silicone gel sheeting, and pulsed dye laser can lead to successful treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1997

Incomplete glottic closure of vocal cord atrophy is the common cause of dysphonia. Patients with vocal cord atrophy have complaints such as dysphonia, vocal fatigue, abnormal sensation in the throat, laryngeal pain, cough or sputum like functional voice disorders. Many investigators could not confirm the pathologic laryngeal structure because of their minute pathology. But recent advancements of laryngeal examinations made the many clinicians to detect minimal laryngeal pathology and to have mind the treatment for the vocal cord atrophy. But the results were less effective than their thoughts, the reasons of ineffectiveness were not known well. Authors have found the Hyperfunctional movement of the supraglottis during phonation before and after thyroplasty type I for vocal cord atrophy. Then we have applied the combined modality treatment with thyroplaty type I and voice therapy for relieve of hypefunctional movement of the supraglottis. These options have had more imporved results.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of feedback on attention recovery. The role of feedback has been proven to be positive in particular to extend the limitation of attention resource. We studied the impact of feedback on attention by varying its type and modality. An experimental system was developed to observe how accurately the participants performed the pattern-matching task with differential feedback provided on a real-time basis based on the ADHD diagnostic model. Six university students participated in this study with 6 different feedback conditions and controlled conditions. The participants experienced the feedbacks before experiment. They was asked two hundred tasks in four feedback conditions. The difference of feedback effect according to different modality is to find within a subject. The results indicated that the combined feedback of cognitive with perceptual stimulus led better performance than the combined of perceptual feedbacks.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1988

A rerospective review of fifty patients with carcinoma of hypopharynx treated with $RT{\pm}surgery$ was studied for eleven-year period from 1974 to 1984. Of the 50 patients,46 were pyriform sinus in origin, 4 were posterior pharyngeal wall. Eighty-eight percent of patients were locoregionally advanced(stage III, IV) and 78% of patients presented conical lymphadenopathy. 5-year disease-free survival rate of the pyriform sinus ca. was $25.4\%$ in RT alone group, $80\%$ in combined modality group and $30.6\%$ in overall. Local control rate with RT alone in early stage (II) was excellent $(100\%)$, however combined modality appears to be better for local control$(80\%)$ in advanced stage (III, IV) as compared with that of RT alone group $(32\%).$ On basis of this study, RT alone is effective in terms of local control and functional preservation in treatment of early stage of pyriform sinus ca. while surgery can be reserved for salvage purpose when RT fails and combined modality is recommended in patients with locally advanced stage for better local control and survival.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1999

Purpose: We performed this study retrospectively to evaluate local control, survival, prognostic factors, and failure patterns in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring. Materials and Methods: From April 1984 to November 1996,41 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring were treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Age was ranged from 19 to 73 years old with a median age of 55 years, and there were 26 male and 15 female patients. Primary site was tonsil in 26 and base of the tongue in 7 and nasopharynx in 8, and stage distribution showed stage I in 12 and stage II in 29 patients. Pathologic classification was done according to Working Formulation. There were 1 with follicular mixed small cleaved and large cell, 8 with diffuse small cleaved cell, 7 with diffuse mixed small and large cell, and 25 cases with diffuse large cell. All patients were treated with combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of either CHOP-Bleo(cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin) or COP-BLAM III(cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, bleomycin, adriamycin, procarbazine). Radiation dose ranged from 3600cGy to 6620cGy with a median dose of 5040cGy. Follow-up time was ranged from 15 months to 159 months(median 55 months). Results: The complete response was achieved in 98%(40/41) and partial response in 2%(1/41). The complete response rate were the followings: 66.7% for stage I and 51.7% for stage II after chemotherapy, 100% for stage I and 96.6% for stage II after overall treatment respectively. The overall survival rate and disease-tree survival rates at 5 years were 82.6% and 79.5%, respectively. Prognostic factors for overall survival were age(p=0.007), stage(p=0.03), nodal status(p=0.006) and radiation dose(p=0.003). The factors associated with disease-tree survival were stage(p=0.04), nodal status(p=0.004) and radiation dose(p=0.009). The failure patterns were analized in evaluable 35 patients with complete response. Locoregional failure was noted in 2 patients and distant metastasis in 5 patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that combined modality therapy is the appropriate treatment for stage I-II intermediate grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring. However, our material is small and the analysis is retrospective. Randomized prospective studies for combined therapy, radiation therapy alone and chemotherapy alone are needed.