• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2015

Combined applications of rice bran with pine leaves were tested to examine the inhibitory effects to paddy weeds and increased yield of rice for developing techniques of environment-friendly weed management in paddy rice fields. Weed control efficacy at 60 days after treatment was improved to 88.8% by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves, while weed control efficacy by single application of rice bran showed 67.5%. The other weed control efficacy combined with chestnut leaves and barley straws were 76.3% and 69.9% respectively. Combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was more effective to broadleaf weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis. Weed control efficacy by combined application with pine leaves was 100% until 70 days after rice transplanting and maintained weed control effect up to 90 days after transplanting. Rice yield by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was 526 kg/10 a, which was higher yield than by combined application with barley straws, single application of rice bran, natural snail application and hand weeding.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of a combined exercise program to improve the health of the elderly. For this purpose, 10 people in the exercise group and 10 in the control group were selected among seniors aged 65 years or older. The subject of this study was a 12-week combined exercise program in which aerobic and anaerobic exercise were performed three times a week for 60 minutes. Before participating in exercise, blood lipid and inflammatory index tests were conducted, and blood lipid and inflammatory index tests were conducted upon completion of the combined exercise program. The test results were verified with basic statistics and treatment effects between groups using the SPSS statistical program. Based on this, the following conclusions were obtained. First, the combined exercise program for elderly health promotion showed significant differences in TC, LDL, and TG in blood lipids between the exercise group and the control group, and there was an interaction effect on the treatment program. Second, the combined exercise program for improving the health of the elderly showed significant differences in inflammatory indicators IL-6 and TNF-a between the exercise group and the control group, and there was an interaction effect with the treatment program.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.248-258
• /
• 1992

The studies were conducted to investigate the combined effects of several combined preparation of crude drugs and mitomycin C(MMC). The combined effects on the proliferation of HepG2, A549, KHOS-Np, A431 and HeLa cells were estimated by MTT colorimetric assays. Sa Kunja Tang(SKT), Boyang Hwanoh Tang(BHT) and Hyulbu Choogo Tang(HCT) inhibited the proliferation of A549 and HeLa cell. The inhibitory action of MMC was increased by the combined treatment of SKT and MMC, and Sa Mul Tang(SMT) and MMC, respectively. When the mice were treated by MMC, the number of leukocyte was decreased significantly at the 3rd day, but recovered at the 7th day. In the groups of MMC treated with SKT or HCT, the number of leukocyte was increased significantly that the group of MMC treated only at the 1st and 3rd day. The combined treatment of SKT, SMT, BHT, HCT and MMC retained the spleen weight of mice at the level of normal mice, but decreased the thymus weight of mice. The combined treatment of SKT, SMT, BHT, HCT and MMC increased the number of PFC significantly than the MMC treated group. The combined treatment of SKT, SMT, BHT, HCT and MMC increased the T cell proliferation significantly thant the MMC treated group.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.375-384
• /
• 1990

A numerical experiment is made to study the combined effect of differential cooling and bottom topography on the formation of Ulleung Warm Eddy. The Ulleung Warm Eddy appears after the passage around the Ulleung Basin of coastal trapped baroclinic waves generated in the north initial density front to the north, the continental slopes both to the west and south, and the Yamato Rise to the east. It resides therefore always inside the Ulleung Basin, as confirmed by observations.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.543-552
• /
• 2012

Parrondo paradox is a counter-intuitive phenomenon where two losing games can be combined to win or two winning games can be combined to lose. When we trade stocks with a history-dependent Parrondo game rule (where we buy and sell stocks based on recent investment outcomes) we found Parrondo paradox in stock trading. Using stock data of the KRX from 2008 to 2010, we analyzed the Parrondo paradoxical cases in the Korean stock market.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2005.03a
• /
• pp.561-568
• /
• 2005

The factors affecting the long-term design strength of geogrid can be classified into factors on creep deformation, installation damage, temperature, chemical degradation and biological degradation. Especially, creep deformation and installation damage are considered as main factors to determine the long-term design strength of geogrid. Current practice in the design of reinforced soil is to calculate the long-term design strength of a reinforcement damaged during installation by multiplying the two partial safety factors, $RF_{ID} and RF_{CR}$. This method assumes that there is no synergy effect between installation damage and creep deformation of geogrids. Therefore, this paper describes the results of a series of experimental study, which are carried out to assess the combined effect of installation damage and creep deformation for the long-term design strength of geogrid reinforcement. The results of this study show that the tensile strength reduction factors, RF, considering combined effect between installation damage and creep deformation is less than that calculated by the current design method.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.3 s.67
• /
• pp.77-87
• /
• 2006

Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effects of Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJT) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods: SIT was given to rats through oral administration. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group of rats, a control group of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and a sample group with SIT administration. Rehmanniae Radix Preparat is combined in the original prescription of SIT, but in this experiment, Rehmanniae Radix was combined instead of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat to compare the effects of anti-diabetic nephropathy. Experimental diabetic nephropathy was induced by the injection of STZ(60mg/kg) in the rat via the peritoneum. The effect of SIT on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy was observed by measuring the serum level of creatinine and BUN, in addition to urine secretion of albumin for 24 hours and the level of glucose found in the urine. Anti-oxidative stress of SIT administration in a living body was estimated by measuring lipid peroxide and GSH content in the cortex of kidneys. Results: STZ induced an increase of serum creatinine, urine glucose and renal cortical lipid peroxidation was lowered by Rehmanniae Radix Preparat combined SIT administration. Conclusions: The SIT treatment showed a protective effect on the rat diabetic nephropathy model, and action mechanism of the effect was thought to be concerned with anti-oxidative stress.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2017

Background: The combined effect of the low energy electron (LEE) irradiation and $Cu^{2+}$ ion on DNA damage was investigated. Materials and Methods: Lyophilized pBR322 plasmid DNA films with various concentrations (1-15 mM) of $Cu^{2+}$ ion were independently irradiated by monochromatic LEEs with 5 eV. The types of DNA damage, single strand break (SSB) and double strand break (DSB), were separated and quantified by gel electrophoresis. Results and Discussion: Without electron irradiation, DNA damage was slightly increased with increasing Cu ion concentration via Fenton reaction. LEE-induced DNA damage, with no Cu ion, was only 6.6% via dissociative electron attachment (DEA) process. However, DNA damage was significantly increased through the combined effect of LEE-irradiation and Cu ion, except around 9 mM Cu ion. The possible pathways of DNA damage for each of these different cases were suggested. Conclusion: The combined effect of LEE-irradiation and Cu ion is likely to cause increasing dissociation after elevated transient negative ion state, resulting in the enhanced DNA damage. For the decrease of DNA damage at around 9-mM Cu ion, it is assumed to be related to the structural stabilization due to DNA inter- and intra-crosslinks via Cu ion.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.779-799
• /
• 2015

The slosh height and the possibility of water spill from rectangular Spent Fuel Storage Bays (SFSB) and Tray Loading Bays (TLB) of Nuclear power plant (NPP) are studied during 0.2 g, Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) level of earthquake. The slosh height obtained through Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) is compared the values given by TID-7024 (Housner 1963) and American concrete institute (ACI) seismic codes. An equivalent amplitude method is used to compute the slosh height through CFD. Numerically computed slosh height for first mode of vibration is found to be in agreement the codal values. The combined effect in longitudinal and lateral directions are studied separately, and found that the slosh height is increased by 24.3% and 38.9% along length and width directions respectively. There is no liquid spillage under SSE level of earthquake data in SFSB and TLB at convective level and at free surface acceleration data. Since seismic design codes do not have guidelines for combined excitations and effect of higher modes for irregular geometries, this CFD procedure can be opted for any geometries to study effect of higher modes and combined three directional excitations.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.577-577
• /
• 1989

In this paper, a detail evaluation of ultimate strength of offshore unstiffened tubular members with bending and local denting damage which are subjected to combined axial force and bending moment and to component load is presented through theoretical and experimental approaches. Based upon the results obtained here, the damage effect on the ultimate strength of tubular member under combined loads and component load is investigated.