• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2011년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.91-91
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• 2011

The quality of the surface layer in concrete structures plays an important role in the durability of the concrete. The concrete factory products are made as they improve the appearance of the surface and compressive strength in need. A common criterion to judge the quality of concrete products frequently seen in our daily life appears to be "beauty" in terms of consistent shaping. However, as for most concrete curb in such areas where a large amount of anti-freezing agents(NaCl) and ice and snow melting agents(CaCl2) are spread over roads to ensure road safety during the winter season, since deterioration advances from the surface, scaling is seen on the surface concrete due to deterioration which combined freezing damage and salt damage. Especially, In cold northern districts, the spreading amount of deicing salts increases by regulation of studded tire use, and the scaling of the concrete products, the various parts of concrete structures for roads is increasing in recent years. In this study, L-shape concrete curb were targeted, the permeable form method with the commercial permeable sheet was applied to it and the improvements of the quality were examined. By the permeable form method, surface layers got strengthened, which prevented permeation of the deterioration factor from the outside, and the scaling resistance of the upper surface where the permeable sheet was applied improved exceedingly. It will be expected by applying the permeable form method to various concrete products that frost resistance improves and scaling damage decreases.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

In order to analyze the electrical performance of ZnO surge arresters stressed by the combined DC and AC voltages that are generated in DC/AC converter systems, the leakage current properties of ZnO surge arrester blocks deteriorated by impulse currents were investigated. The test specimens were deteriorated by the 8/$20{\mu}s$ impulse current of 2.5kA and the leakage currents flowing into the deteriorated zinc oxide(ZnO) arrester blocks subjected to the combined DC and power frequency AC voltages are measured. As a result, the leakage currents flowing through deteriorated ZnO surge arrester blocks were higher than those flowing through the fine ZnO surge arrester blocks and the larger the injection number of 8/$20{\mu}s$ impulse current of 2.5kA is, the greater the leakage current is. The leakage current-voltage curves(I-V curves) of the fine and deteriorated ZnO surge arrester blocks stressed by the combined DC and AC voltages show significant difference in the low conduction region. Also the cross-over phenomenon is observed at the voltage close to the knee of conduction on plots of I-V curves.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.214-223
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• 2014

Interest in the durability assessment and structural performance has increased according to an increase of concrete structures in salt damage environment recent years. Reliable way ensuring the most accelerated corrosion test is a method of performing the rebar corrosion monitoring as exposed directly to the marine test site exposure. However, long-term exposure test has a disadvantage because of a long period of time. Therefore, many studies on reinforced concrete in salt damage environments have been developed as alternatives to replace this. However, accelerated corrosion test is appropriate to evaluate the critical chlorine concentration in the short term, but only accelerated test method, is not easy to get correct answer. Accuracy of correlation acceleration test depends on the period of the degree of exposure environments. Therefore, in this study, depending on the concrete mix material, by the test was performed on the basis of the composite degradation of the salt damage, and investigate the difference of corrosion initiation time of the rebar, and indoor corrosion time of the structure, of the marine environment of the actual environments were inuestigated. The correlation coefficient was derived in the experiment. Long-term exposure test was actually conducted in consideration of the exposure conditions submerged zone, splash zone and tidal zone. The accelerated corrosion tests were carried out by immersion conditions, and by the combined deterioration due to the carbonation and accelerated corrosion due to wet and dry condition.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

Due to environmental regulations (RoHS, WEEE and ELV) of the European Union, electronics and automotive electronics have to eliminate toxic substance from electronic devices and system. Specifically, reliability issue of lead-free solder joint have an increasing demand for the car electronics caused by ELV banning. The authors prepared engine control unit and cabin electronics soldered with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305). To compare with the degradation characteristics of solder joint strength, thermal cycling test (TC), power-thermal cycling test (PTC) and series tests were conducted. Series tests were conducted for TC and PTC combined stress test using the same sample in sequence and continuously. TC test was performed at $-40{\sim}125^{\circ}C$ and soak time 10 min for 1000 cycles. PTC test was applied by pulse power and full function conditions during 100 cycles. Combined stress test was tested in accordance with automotive company standard. Solder joint degradation was observed by optical microscopy and environment scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). In addition, to compare with deterioration of bond strength of quad flat package (QFP) and chip components, we have measured lead pull and shear strength. Based on the series test results, consequently, we have validated of series test method for lifetime and reliability of Pb-free solder joint in automotive electronics.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.279-280
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• 2018

The waterproofing material can be roughly divided into a coating material and a sheet waterproofing material. In the case of coating waterproofing materials, sheet waterproofing materials, which are easy to use in terms of workability and quality control, have been recently used because of their incomplete use of coating thickness, long curing time and poor blending due to in situ blending. However, in the case of the sheet waterproofing material, since the sheet overlapping portion is inevitably generated, various defects (breakage due to the behavior) are frequently observed. Therefore, it is imperative to establish fundamental measures to minimize this.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권34호
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• pp.32-48
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• 2013

이 연구는 석조문화재의 보존관리매뉴얼 구축을 위해 과거 보존처리가 이루어진 문화재를 대상으로 표면상태 및 물성변화를 객관적이고 효율적으로 모니터링 하는 기법을 개발하여 적용성을 평가한 것이다. 사진 촬영과 그리드를 이용한 훼손지도 작성과 테이프 접착 테스트는 석조문화재의 표면상태 변화와 훼손 위치를 파악하고 입상분해 정도를 정성적으로 평가하는데 매우 유용한 기법으로 확인되었다. 또한 디지털 휴대용 현미경 관찰과 초음파탐사는 광물입자의 풍화 및 결합상태, 균열 간격 등을 모니터링하고 보존처리 전과 후의 표면물성 변화를 평가하는데 매우 효과적인 평가기법으로 판단된다. 이 방법들은 간단한 메뉴얼화와 기술교육을 통해 문화재 관리 실무자들이 현장에서 간편하게 이용할 수 있으며, 보존처리 후 표면 변화가 관찰되는 3년마다 정기적으로 모니터링을 실시함으로써 석조문화재의 장기적이고 체계적인 보존관리기법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.727-737
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Korean medicine on an elderly patient with posterior circulation cerebral infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and early neurological deterioration (END). Methods: The patient, who already had CKD, was treated with Korean medicine, comprising herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxa, and cupping combined with Western medicine (antiplatelet, diabetes) and physical therapy. A manual muscle test (MMT) and a modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to observe the treatment effects, and blood tests were performed to check estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which represent renal function. Results: After the treatment, MMT, MBI, and renal function scores had increased. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine can effectively treat posterior circulation cerebral infarction with END in CKD, but further studies should be conducted.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.829-839
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• 2003

최근 원전 구조물을 비롯한 해양에 인접한 콘크리트 구조물의 경우 외부의 염소이온 확산에 의한 철근 부식과 관련한 문제가 콘크리트의 내구성과 관련된 중요한 요인으로 인식되고 있으며, 이와 관련된 다양한 연구들이 국 내외 적으로 수행되고 있다. 그러나, 탄산화를 비롯한 복합열화 환경에서의 염소이온 확산에 대한 연구결과는 아직까지 미흡한 실정으로 본 연구에서는 이와 관련하여 탄산화 작용이 콘크리트 중의 염소이온 확산에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적인 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 5% 염화나트륨 용액 침지 및 10% $CO_2$ 촉진탄산화 반복실험 결과 콘크리트의 탄산화는 콘크리트 내부로의 염소이온 확산 정도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것은 탄산화 영역에서 고정된 염소이온의 유리에 따른 염소이온 농도 구배의 증가 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 플라이애쉬를 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 표면부에서 일정한 깊이까지는 촉진탄산화의 영향에 의한 높은 염소이온 침투량을 나타내지만 경계를 넘어선 영역에서는 플라이애쉬를 혼입하지 않은 경우와 거의 유사한 정도의 염소이온 침투량을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 탄산화 작용이 콘크리트 내부로의 염소이온 침투에 미치는 영향과 관련한 기초적인 실험자료를 축적하였으며 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 콘크리트 구조물의 내구수명을 산출하는데 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.857-868
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• 2005

This paper deals with the accumulated damage in concrete structures due to the cyclic freeze-thaw as an environmental load. The cyclic ice body nucleation and growth processes in porous systems are affected by the thermo-physical and mass transport properties, and gradients of temperature and chemical potentials. Furthermore, the diffusivity of deicing chemicals shows significantly higher value under cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. Consequently, the disintegration of concrete structures is aggravated at marine environments, higher altitudes, and northern areas. However, the properties of cyclic freeze-thaw with crack growth and diffusion of chloride ion effects are hard to be identified in tests, and there has been no analytic model for the combined degradations. The main objective is to determine the driving force and evaluate the reduced strength and stiffness by freeze-thaw. For the development of computational model of those coupled deterioration, micro-pore structure characterization, pore pressure based on the thermodynamic equilibrium, time and temperature dependent super-cooling with or without deicing salts, nonlinear-fracture constitutive relation for the evaluation of internal damage, and the effect of entrained air pores (EA) has been modeled numerically. As a result, the amount of ice volume with temperature dependent surface tensions, freezing pressure and resulting deformations, and cycle and temperature dependent pore volume has been calculated and compared with available test results. The developed computational program can be combined with DuCOM, which can calculate the early aged strength, heat of hydration, micro-pore volume, shrinkage, transportation of free water in concrete. Therefore, the developed model can be applied to evaluate those various practical degradation cases as well.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2018

전력수요와 부하용량이 증가 되어감에 따라 부하에 전력공급을 위한 간선으로서의 케이블은 설치 시간의 과다와 공간의 제약으로 사용이 제한적이다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위한 간선 시스템으로 대전류를 효율적으로 공급해 줄 수 있는 버스웨이 시스템의 사용이 증가되고 있으나, 신뢰성의 검증을 위한 시험평가 방법과 그에 대한 결과 제시가 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 에폭시를 주절연으로 하는 버스웨이 시스템의 신뢰성 검증을 위해서 IEC 61439-6에서 제시된 시험항목이외에 장기 사용성과 신뢰성을 평가할 수 있는 시험항목을 선정하였다. 열 및 전기적 스트레스를 동시에 인가하여 최대한 실사용 상태를 반영한 복합가속열화시험을 실시하였으며, 50년 수명 조건을 충족하도록 열화 조건을 선정하여 버스웨이 시스템의 절연성능 확인시험을 통해 수명을 만족함을 확인하였다. 또한, 버스웨이가 설치되는 온도, 습도 및 부하전류 사용 환경에 대한 적합성 확인에 대한 신뢰성 평가 시험항목으로서 열적 과전류 시험, 침수시험, 냉충격시험, 온도 사이클 시험을 선정하여 실시하였으며, 확인 시험을 통해 시험 전후의 특성 변화와 이상 유무를 검토하였다. 이 결과들로부터 에폭시 절연형 버스웨이 시스템의 평가항목으로서 본 논문에서 제시한 시험항목이 적절하고, 그에 대한 제품의 성능도 우수함을 확인하였다.