• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2017

Purpose: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a device that activates the sensorimotor cortex through electrodes attached to the surface of the skin. However, it is difficult to expect positive changes if the recipient is not attentive to the motion. To complement the perceived cognitive limitations of FES, we attempted to investigate the changes of sensorimotor cortex activity by simultaneously providing action observation with FES. Methods: Electroencephalogram was measured in 28 healthy volunteers. Relative band power over the sensorimotor cortex was analyzed and compared in three conditions: during rest, during FES alone, during action observation with FES. Results: The results showed significant differences in each relative band power. Relative alpha power and relative beta power were the lowest by application of FES combined with action observation, while the relative gamma power was the highest. Conclusion: These results suggest that combining FES with observation could be more effective than FES alone in neurorehabilitation.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: To explore the effects of action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper-extremity function and the activities of daily living in subacute stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-four subacute stroke patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group (n = 12 each). Both groups received therapy based on motor learning concepts, including repetitive and task-specific practice. The experimental group watched video clips for 10 minutes related to tasks performed during modified constraint-induced movement therapy while the control group watched videos unrelated to upper-extremity movement. These programs were performed for 40 minutes a day five times a week for four weeks. Their scores on the Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremities (FMA-UE), the action research arm test (ARAT), a motor activity log (amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were recorded. Results: In both groups, all variables were significantly different between the pre-test and post-test periods (p < 0.05). The post-test variables were significantly different within each group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, the changes between pre-test and post-test scores in the FMA-UE (14.39 ± 4.31 versus 6.31 ± 4.63), the ARAT (16.00 ± 4.73 versus 11.46 ± 3.73), MAL-AOU (1.57 ± 0.15 versus 1.18 ± 0.28), and MBI (27.54 ± 4.65 versus 18.08 ± 8.52) were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation combined with modified constraint-induced movement therapy may be a beneficial rehabilitation option to improve upper-extremity function in subacute stroke patients with moderate impairment.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1983

The influence of prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) on the excretion and diuretic action of furosemide (2mg/kg i.v.) in rabbits was studied to investigate an interaction between ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ blocking agent, prazosin and furosemide. The results were as follows; 1) With the combined administration of prazosin and furosemide, the plasma concentration of furosemide was increased, the urinary excretion rate and renal clearance of furosemide were reduced, and tile biological half-life of furosemide was increased. 2) The diuretic action of furosemide was significantly reduced with the combined administration of prazosin: maximal decrease in urine volume, urinary electrolytes, clearance of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$, and GFR and RPF, as well as maximal increase in $Na^+$ reabsorption rate were noted 10 minutes after administration of furosemide (2mg/kg i.v.)

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.146-148
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• 1998

The increased AST and ALT activities of rat serum disturbed by $CCl_4-intoxication$ intoxication were significantly inhibited by silymarin and biphenyl dimethylene dicarboxylate at the oral doses of 150 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. The combined administration of the drugs showed remarkable inhibition of the enzyme activities. This fact may suggest that the two drugs have potentiative action in this experiment.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 1986

Twenty strains of penicillin(PC)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ($MIC{\geqq}32U/ml$) were chosen randomly from recent isolates and submitted to the present experiment to see what effect the combined antibiotic action of moxalactam(MX) and fosfomycin(FM) would bring about on the cells, using MS-2 system. 1. The conventional agar dilution method and the rapid automatic MS-2 system were used in measuring the MICs of MX and FM against each strain and the comparison of the data obtained revealed no significant difference between the two methods in the titer and distribution of the MICs. 2. The automatic MS-2 system was, therefore, used alone in determining the combined growth inhibitory effect of MX and FM because of its more rapidness, and the obtained results were that most of the PC-resistant strains(16 out of 20, 80%) were synergistically inhibited by the two antibiotic combination while additive effect was observed in the remaining 4 strains(20%). 3. Thus, it is suggested that the growth of PC-resistant staphylococcal cells may be synergistically inhibited by MX and FM combination and the efficiency of two antibiotic action as well as MIC of single antibiotic may be more rapidly determined by the MS-2 system than by the conventional method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2019

When a structural wall is subjected to multi-directional ground motion, torsion-induced cracks degrade the stiffness of the wall. The effect of torsion should not be neglected. As a main lateral load resisting member, reinforced concrete (RC) structural wall has been widely studied under the combined action of bending and shear. Unfortunately, its seismic behavior under a combined action of torsion, bending and shear is rarely studied. In this study, torsional performances of the RC structural walls under the combined action is assessed from a comprehensive parametrical study. Finite element (FE) models are built and calibrated by comparing with the available experimental data. The study is then carried out to find out the critical design parameter affecting the torsional stiffness of RC structural walls, including the axial load ratio, aspect ratio, leg-thickness ratio, eccentricity of lateral force, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and transverse reinforcement ratio. Besides, to facilitate the application in practice, an empirical equation is developed to estimate the torsional stiffness of RC rectangular structural walls conveniently, which is found to agree well with the numerical results of the developed FE models.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.884-889
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• 2003

Based on the reinterpretation of the well-known relationship between shear and the rate of change of bending moment in a reinforced concrete beam subject to combined shear and moment loads, the shortcomings of present truss models are discussed. The core of the theory is that a new perspective on the shear strength can be gained by viewing the internal stress filed in terms of the superposition of two base components of shear resistance; arch action and beam action. The arch action can be designed using the simple truss having curved compression chord, while the beam action between the two chords can be modeled using a parallel chord truss with MCFT or RA-STM. The compatibility of deformation associated to the two action is taken into account by employing a characteristic factor a. The new model was examined by the Stuttgart beam shear tests, and the results show that the present approach provides good estimates of stirrup contribution and concrete contributions.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of the glucosamine HCl (Glucosamine) and SH-1 (Glucosamine + Oriental herbal composition combined group). Male sprague-Dawley rats $(200{\sim}250g)$ and ICR mice $(20{\sim}30g)$ were randomized and these experimental groups were divided into 4 groups. Two control group were given as negative control (saline) and positive control (Ibuprofen, 100 mg/kg) and two groups given as oral administration of Glucosamine (320 m/kg) and SH-1. Carrageenan induced paw edema test, hot plate method, croton oil induced granuloma, capillary permeability test and acetic acid writhing syndrome were also shown to be comparable in the SH-1 group to anti-inflammatory drug group such as positive control group (Ibuprofen). Although further studies should be performed to confirm the effects of SH-1, present results suggest that the combined administration of SH-1 have potential action in anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. It could be applicable for the improvement of arthritic symptoms as a new diet-supplement.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1969

The inhibitory action of oxygen consumption and parasiticidal action of hexachlorophene or MTPA combined with or without sodium cholate in Clonorchis sinensis (C.S) have been observed. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In low concentration of MTPA or Hexachlorophene, they inhibited the oxygen consumption of C.S and in high concentration, inhibition of oxygen consumption and parasiticidal action was more remarkable. 2. The oxygen consumption was inhibited also in the concentration of $10^{-2}$ and $2{\times}10^{-3}g/ml$ of sodium cholate. 3. In the presence of sodium cholate, oxygen consumption of C.S was more remarkably inhibited by MTPA or Hexachlorophene than the absence of sodium cholate. 4. From those results, it may be considered that sodium cholate combined with MTPA or Hexachlorophene produced potentiation in its action.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.158-170
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• 1992

The studies were conducted to investigate the combined effects of several combined preparation of crude drugs and mitomycin C(MMC). The combined effects on the proliferation of Molt-4 cells and activation of human lymphocytes were estimated by MTT colorimetric assays. The drugs itself enhanced the proliferation of Molt-4, but the inhibitory action of MMC was not affected by the combined treatment of the drugs and MMC. Among 9 kinds of the drugs, Sip Jeon Dae Bo Tang(SDT), Saeng Maek San(SMS) and Kwi Bi Tang(KBT) did not inhibit the action of MMC, but activated lymphocytes. When the mice were treated by MMC, the number of leukocytes was decreased significantly at the 1st day, but recovered at the 7th day. In the groups of MMC treated with SDT or KBT, the number of leukocytes was increased significantly than the group of MMC treated only at the 3rd day. The combined treatment of SDT, SMS and MMC retained the body weight of mice at the level of normal mice. The SDT, SMS and KBT did not change the number of plaque forming cells(PFC) and the proliferation of T cells. The combined treatment of SDT and MMC increased the number of PFC significantly than the MMC treated group. The combined treatment of SDT, SMS, KBT and MMC increased the T cell proliferation significantly than the MMC treated group. In conclusion, it is suggested that SDT, SMS and KBT can recover the side effects of MMC, such as weight loss, leukopenia and immunosuppression, without any intercalating the anti-proliferative action of MMC in vivo.