• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.891-898
• /
• 2011

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of combination of disinfection process (electrolysis, UV process) on Escherichia coli (E. coli) disinfection and oxidants (OH radical, $ClO_2$, HOCl, $H_2O_2$ and $O_3$) generation. The effect of electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl and $Na_2SO_4$) on the E. coli disinfection and oxidants generation were evaluated. The experimental results showed that performance of E. coli disinfection of electrolysis and UV single process was similar. Combination of electrolysis and UV process enhanced the E. coli disinfection and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA, indicator of the generation of OH radical) degradation. It is clearly showed synergy effect on disinfection and OH radical formation. However chlorine ($ClO_2$, HOCl) and oxygen type ($H_2O_2$, $O_3$) oxidants were decreased with the combination of two process. In electrolysis + UV complex process, electro-generated $H_2O_2$ and $O_3$ were reacted with UV light of UV-C lamp and increased 4-CBA degradation(increase OH radical). Disinfection of electrolyte of chlorine type was higher than that of the sulfate type electrolyte due to the higher generation of OH radical and oxidants.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2018

Background: The new type of diabetes treatment, SGLT2 inhibitors, has been approved for monotherapy and combination therapy, but medical insurance is only allowed in combination therapy with metformin, which is the first choice for type 2 diabetes treatment. Methods: The SGLT2 inhibitors prescribed in Korea are dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and ipragliflozin. A review was conducted using Pubmed to evaluate efficacy and safety for these medications with metformin combination therapy. 10 studies were selected by searching for keywords and related references and were reviewed in full. The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and the economics of treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors were examined. Results: SGLT2 inhibitors had moderate glycemic control when added to the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes who were not being regulated by metformin monotherapy. They also showed positive effects such as weight loss, as well as the lowering of blood pressure. Hypotension and serious side effects were relatively low. However, the risk of genital infection was increased. Conclusion: The SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of drugs that promote glucose excretion in the urine. They are a good choice for combination therapy with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with weight loss and very low risk of serious side effects.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.734-742
• /
• 2011

This study has been undertaken as a basic research for automatic pattern design for baseball uniforms manufactured under custom-MTM system, propose building up of a system whereby various partial patterns are combined under an automatic design system and develop a multi-combination type pattern searching algorithm which allows development of a various designs. As a result of this, type classification based on pattern design elements includes side, open, collar, facing and panel type. Design have been divided into coarse classification ranging from level 1 to 7 according to pattern design elements, based on a design distribution chart. Out of 7 such levels, 3 major types determining design which are, more specifically, level 1 sleeve type, level 2 open type and level 3 collar type, have been taken and combined to determine a total of 12 types to be used for design classification codes. Respective name of style and patterns have been coded using alphabet and numerals. Totally, pattern searching algorithm of multi-combination type has been developed whereby combination of patterns belonging to a specific style can be retrieved automatically once that style name is designated on the automatic pattern design system.

• Language and Information
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.77-100
• /
• 2004

This paper aims to account for direct combination of an entity type noun with the verb HA- 'do' (ex. piano-rul ha- 'piano-ACC do') in Korean, based on Generative Lexicon Theory (Pustejovsky, 1995). The verb HA-'do' coerces some entity type nouns (e.g., pap 'boiled rice') into event type ones, by virtue of the qualia of the nouns. Typically, a telic-based type coercion supplies individual predication to the HA- construction and an agentive-based type coercion evokes a stage-level interpretation. Type coercion has certain constraints on the choice of qualia. We further point out that qualia cannot be a warehouse of pragmatic information. Qualia are composed of necessary information to explain the lattice structure of lexical meaning and co-occurrence constraints, distinct from accidental information. Finally, we seriously consider co-composition as an alternative to type coercion for the crucial operation of type shift.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2010

By introducing some parameters and using the way of weight function and the technic of real analysis and complex analysis, a new Hilbert-type integral inequality with a best constant factor and a combination kernel involving two mean values is given, which is an extension of Hilbert's integral inequality. As applications, the equivalent form and the reverse forms are considered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1347-1354
• /
• 1998

The purposes of this study were to : (a) anlayze wating time, service rate, arrival rate, and coustomer expectations/satisfaction in cafeteria business foodservices and (b) identify the differences in those factors between foodservices by menu managmenet systems. The samples were two business foodservices operated by contract management in Seoul. The queue, laptime , service rate, and arrival rate were measured at each foodservice by stopwatch observation. The menu type, delivery system, number of meals served , servide time, and turnover rate of each foodservic was investigated. Questionnaires were developed to survey customer expectations and satisfaction. Satistical data analysis was completed using the SAS package programs for descriptive analysis and t-test. The mean waiting time of island type dafeteria system with separte set -menu was shorter than that of the other. In both foodservices, arrival rates were not significantly different from one another , but sevice rates were significnatly high in dafeteria menu systems. The peak time of the queue was found out at combination set menu line. The separate set menu line had a higher servide rate than the combination set menu line. The mean waiting time of the island type cafeteria line was shorter than that of the straifth type . At the straight type dafeterial line, both arrival rate and service rate were higher than those of island-type. The results of this study suggested that a separate set-menu would be more desirable than a combination set-menu in case of providing set menu with cafeteria menu.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2013

In this research, a representative type of the housing plan was extracted on the basis of elements that exert the influence on the discrimination of the plan type, in other words, plan composition. Firstly, 'connection type of the room' and 'composition type of LDK (living room, dining room and kitchen)' were selected as elements of the plan type. Secondly, three forms of 'connection type of the room' became clear namely 'middle corridor type', 'living room centered type' and 'entrance hall type', as the factors that discriminate plan composition specifically. Thirdly, 'LD/K type' and 'L/D/K type' were confirmed as the factors in 'composition type of LDK'. Finally, four combinations of plan type, such as 'living room centered type-LD/K type', 'middle corridor type-LD/K type', 'living room centered type-L/D/K type' and 'entrance hall type-LD/K type' were confirmed as the representative types. These four combinations are the representative plan types of the urban LDK houses in Japan.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.399-410
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate emotional images and preference of knitwear by tone on tone combination. The subjects were 357 university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province, and the measuring instruments were 6 stimuli manipulated by color and tone combination type of background and pattern in the tone and tone combination, and self-administrated questionnaires consisted of emotional images items, preference items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, MANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, four factors (attractiveness, conspicuity, mildness, and activity) are emerged on emotional images of knitwear. Second, color had main effects on emotional images and preference. Gray color was perceived as most attractive image and more preferred than others. Third, tone combination type had some effects on emotional images. Vivid tone background/light tone pattern was perceived more attractive image but less conspicuous and mild than light tone background/vivid tone pattern. Forth, subjects' gender had an effects on conspicuous image. Male was perceived more conspicuous image on knitwear stimuli than female. Fifth, color and subjects' gender had interaction effects on attractiveness image and preference. Male perceived that blue is more attractive and preferred than female.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 1997

Enrofloxacin-colistin combination, widely used in Gram negative infections in veterinary sector, was investigated in terms of MIC and initial killing rate using E coli k 88ab, Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella multocida type A, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. On the basis of MICs of enrofloxacin-colistin combination against the above bacteria, killing rates of the combination of enrofloxacin and colistin at the ratio of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5, indicated high and rapid antibacterial acitivities against all but Staphylococcus aureus R-209, with the number of bacteria reducing to less than one percent within two hours. At the MIC of enrofloxacin or colistin, both antibacterials showed the highest killing rates during 2-4 hours against Gram negatives such as E coli K88ab,Pasteurella multocida type A and Bodetella bronchiseptica but allowed the regrowth of the same pathogens thereafter. On the while, the combination of two antibacterials at a fourth MIC resulted in high killing rate without bacterial regrowth during 24 hours, suggesting the synergistic antivacterial effects. The combination, however, did not show favourable activity against Gram negatime S typhimurium and Gram positive S aureus ergistic antibacterial activity against Gram negatime pathogens but also colistin showed LPS-neutraization, we could suggest the combination should provide clinically positive therapeutic armarium in Gram negative infections.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the automatic system generation algorithm based on the element combination algorithm discussed in the first part of this paper for designing an arbitrary type of the automatic transmissions is proposed. The powertrain design software using these algorithms is developed. This automotive powertrain design software with user-friendly graphic user interface has two main modules. The first module, the automatic power flow generation module, is already discussed in the previous paper. The second module dealing with the automatic system generation algorithm is discussed in this paper. The power-flow simulation software fur the arbitrary type of powertrain is then developed. The simulation and experimental results of the vehicle equipped with two planetary gear type automatic transmission are compared to validate the proposed algorithms and developed software. The simulation results demonstrate the good agreement with the experimental results.