• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2014

Accurate blood typing tests are essential for safe blood transfusion. Recently many automated test equipments have been introduced to reduce errors and increase the efficiency of the test. However, those equipments being high in price, it is difficult to introduce automated test equipment for every hospital. In this study, we developed a reader for blood typing using column agglutination test. In the process, the results, read out by the image processing, are stored and reaffirmed. To evaluate the reader, 148 samples for ABO and RhD blood typing tests and 154 samples for unexpected antibody test were used. The positive and negative intensity of the reading and the reading of the reaction were 100% in agreement with the result of traditional manual method. If additional verification is completed, this reader can be efficiently and economically used in small-and medium-sized hospitals.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-309
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• 2005

Trichoderma species/isolates exhibited varied degree of agglutination on sclerotial (Sc) and hyphal (Hy) surface of Macrophomina phaseolina. The agglutination efficiencies on Sc and Hy ranged from $11\;to\;57\%$. Isolates of T. harzianum (Th) and T. viride (Tv) showed greater agglutination on Sc ($23-57\%$) and Hy ($16-47\%$). Different enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, proteinase k, a-chymotrypsin, lyticase and glucosidase) and inhibitors (tunicamycin, cycloheximide, brefeldin A, sodium azide, dithiothreitol and SDS) reduced the agglutination potential of conidia of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98; however, the extent of response varied greatly in different treatments. Different fractions of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98 exhibited haemagglutinating reaction with human blood group A, B, AB and O. Haemagglutinating activity was inhibited by different sugars and glycoproteins tested. Crude haemagglutinating protein from outer cell wall protein fraction of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98 were eluted on Sephadex G-100 column. Initially Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98 exhibited two peaks showing no agglutination activity; however, lectin activity was detected in the third peak. Similar to crude lectin, the purified lectin also exhibited haemagglutinating activity with different erythrocyte source. SDS-PAGE analysis of partially purified lectin revealed single band with an estimated molecular mass of 55 and 52 kDa in Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98, respectively. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and b-1,3-glucanase totally inhibited lectin activity. Similarly, various pH also affected the haemagglutinating activity of Th-23/98 and Tv-25/98. From the present observations, it can be concluded that the recognition/attachment of mycoparasite (T. harzianum and T. viride) to the host surface (M. phaseolina) may be most likely due to lectin-carbohydrate interaction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the lectin of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed. Purification was done by 50-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. The purity was ascertained by electrophoresis. The molecular weight of purified lectin was estimated as 132,000. It was composed of three subunits which molecular weight was 45,000. The lectin was identified as glycoprotein by Schiff's reagent staining and Dubois method. The lectin agglutinated erythrocytes of rabbit and human. The amounts of the lectin to agglutinate human erythrocytes differed among the blood types: The blood type A required the least amount, the next was B, O, and AB in order. The agglutination was specifically inhibited by 5${\mu}$g/ml of N -acetyl.-D-galactoseamine and 200${\mu}$g/ml of D-galactose. Other tested sugars could not inhibit the agglutination of the erythrocytes by the lectin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2011

A new lectin was purified from Bombyx mori (BML) by physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitants, anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration column chromatography on Sephadex G-200. BML agglutinated trypsinized and glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes, and was observed the most high activity with rabbit, chicken erythrocytes and rat splenic lymphocytes. Agglutinability was markedly affected at highly acidic pH, but was relatively stable with high temperature. The effect of metal ions was observed and BML was affected by bivalaent cations, especially depending on $Ca^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, whereas, inhibited by $Mg^{2+}$. Agglutination was strongly inhibited by heparin and glucuronic acid. BML was proved to be a glycoprotein which contains 17.16% of sugars. By mass spectrometry analysis, we found 2 bands that were considered as lectin subunits.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 1995

A lectin from the edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, was purified through physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatographies. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 0.05M fraction from hydroxyapatite column exhibited adjacent four sharp bands. The partially purified lectin agglutinated the erythrocytes of rabbit, mouse and rat, but not agglutinated human erythrocytes. The lectin's mitogenic effects were tested by its application to human and murine splenic lymphocytes. The results showed that the 0.05M fraction from hydroxyapatite was mitogenic, and the optimal dose of Lentinus edodes lectin was slightly lower than Con A by the culture with murine splenic and human peripheral lymphocytes. Meanwhile, its ability to agglutinate transformed cells was tested by its administration to continuous cell lines L1210 and HeLa cells. The leetin was found to be an agglutinin of tumor cell lines tested by L1210 and HeLa cells.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Antibody screening and identification tests before blood transfusion are important because unexpected red antibodies can cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Although a tube method was used for detecting unexpected antibodies, a column agglutination method has recently been used because of its simple procedure and a high detection of warm antibodies. This study investigated the frequency and distribution of unexpected antibodies in transfusion candidates during the recent 5 years, and transfusion characteristics in the identified cases. From January 2005 to December 2009, 46,923 sera of the cases from E hospital were screened and 98 sera were identified by the DiaMed-ID System. 272 cases (0.58%) showed positive results out of all 46,923 cases that underwent unexpected antibodies screening. Among them, unexpected antibodies were identified in 98 cases. The anti-Rh antibodies included in warm antibodies were the most frequently detected in 47 cases (47.96%). Anti-Lewis and anti-MNSs antibodies were detected in 11 cases (11.22%) and 6 cases (6.12%), respectively. Unidentified antibodies were detected in 6 cases (6.12%). Among the patients with unexpected antibodies, 43 cases (43.88%) had a history of previous transfusion. Anti-E was the most frequently detected antibody (4/14 cases, 30.77%) in the cases who had a previous history of transfusion and showed different screening results from negative to positive, This study may provide the basic data for the frequency and characteristics of red cell antibodies.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2012

Background: Despite modern advances in laboratory automated medicine, work-process in the blood bank is still handled manually. Several automated immunohematological instruments have been developed and are available in the market. The IH-1000 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), a fully automated instrument for immunohematology, was recently introduced. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the IH-1000 for ABO/Rh typing and irregular antibody screening. Methods: In October 2011, a total of 373 blood samples for ABO/Rh typing and 303 cases for unexpected antibody screening were collected. The IH-1000 was compared to the manual tube and slide methods for ABO/Rh typing and to the microcolumn agglutination method (DiaMed-ID system) for antibody screening. Results: For ABO/Rh typing, concordance rate was 100%. For unexpected antibody screening, positive results for both column agglutination and IH-1000 were observed in 10 cases (four cases of anti-E and c, three of anti-E, one of anti-D, one of anti-M, and one of anti-Xg) and negative results for both were observed in 289 cases. The concordance rate between IH-1000 and column agglutination was 98.7%. Sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 99.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The automated IH-1000 showed good correlation with the manual tube and slide methods and the microcolumn agglutination method for ABO-RhD typing and irregular antibody screening. The IH-1000 can be used for routine pre-transfusion testing in the blood bank.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1995

A new lectin, named TRA, was purified from Trichosanthes kirilowii root by acid-treated Sepharose 6B, Mono-Q, and TSK-gel 3000SW column sequential chromatography. The lectin appeared homogeneous by native gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 and gave two protein bands of Mr=31 and 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the polypeptides of TRA have not been reported in amino acid sequences of the lectins. TRA lectin formed a precipitate with asialofetuin, neuraminidase-treated fetuin. A sugar inhibition assay indicated that N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, among the monosaccharides tested, was the most potent inhibitor of TRA-induced hemagglutination. Asialofetuin showed a 260-times stronger inhibitory activity than N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. TRA lectin also showed agglutination with normal leukocytes and lymphoma cells, but not with premature hemopoietic cells. These results suggest that TRA is a novel plant lectin.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

Background: ABO antibody titration is useful for the evaluation of ABO-incompatible bone marrow or solid organ transplantations, yet the results quite vary between different test methods used. We compared the results of microcolumn agglutination and tube methods. Methods: Anti-A and anti-B isoagglutionin titers were determined in 63 healthy individuals (23 O, 20 A, and 20 B blood groups) using 4 different methods: immediate spin tube (tube), microcolumn agglutination without anti-human globulin (AHG) (CAT), tube with AHG (tube-AHG) and microcolumn agglutination with AHG (CAT-AHG). Results: The median (range) titers of anti-A and anti-B in group O individuals by tube, CAT, tube-AHG, and CAT-AHG methods were 64 (8-512), 64 (8-512), 128 (8-2,048), and 128 (16-2,048); 64 (16-128), 128 (16-256), 128 (16-512), and 256 (16-512), respectively. The median (range) titers of anti-A in group B and anti-B in group A individuals by the four methods were 64 (16-128), 128 (8-128), 128 (8-256), and 256 (8-256); 64 (8-128), 64 (8-128), 32 (8-128), and 64 (8-256), respectively. The isoagglutinin titer measured by CAT-AHGmethod was the highest. The titers measured by CAT and CAT-AHG methods were 0-1 titer higher than those by tube and tube-AHG methods, respectively. Whatever method was used, the isoagglutinin titers were higher in women than in men. Conclusions: CAT-AHG was the most sensitive method among the four methods tested. Since AHG titer values are critical for the clinical management and CAT has less manual procedures than tube method, CAT-AHG method could be used for the standardization of ABO antibody titration in different institutions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.164-169
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• 2013

Red cell alloantibodies other than naturally occurring anti-A or anti-B are called unexpected red cell antibodies, and can be detected by performing an antibody screening. The frequency and distribution of unexpected antibody identified in Asan Medical Center were analyzed. We investigated a total of 135,238 cases of antibody screening test in AMC for 3 years from 2010 to 2012. Using column agglutination techniques, antibody identification tests were performed for the cases with positive antibody screening. Among 135,238 cases, 854 (0.6%) cases showed positive results of antibody screening test. In the order of frequency, 284 (33.3%) anti-Rh, 89 (10.4%) anti-MNS, 62 (7.3%) anti-Lewis, 34 (4.0%) anti-Kidd, 10 (1.2%) anti-Duffy, and 9 (1.1%) anti-P were identified. Multiple antibodies were detected in 199 (23.3%) cases. Among 381 subjects investigated for transfusion history, 299 (78.5%) had history of transfusion while 82 (21.5%) had unknown history. Thus the incidence of unexpected antibody was higher in the group with history of transfusion than the group without (p<0.001). Also, among 435 subjects investigated for the history of pregnancy, 46 (10.6%) had no history while 389 (89.4%) had history of pregnancy, showing higher incidence of unexpected antibody in the group with history of pregnancy than the group without pregnancy (p<0.001). Evaluated amounts and frequency of antigen exposure due to transfusion and pregnancy is suggested to increase the frequency of identification of unexpected antibody.