• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.346-349
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• 2004

Black colored rice has long been consumed in Oriental countries and is considered to be a healthy food. Extracts from rice with three different colors (white, black, and green) were prepared by using 80% MeOH and subjected to biological screening activities. The levels of antioxidative activity of black colored rice cultivars such as C3GHi and Heugjinjubyeo in radical scavenging activity were higher than those of the related white and green rice ones. When the effect of the extracts on thrombin time inhibition was analyzed, the extract from Heugjinjubyeo showed a dose-dependent suppressive activity. In addition, all the extracts tested did not inhibit the cyclooxygenase activity. Therefore the health benefits of the colored rice are attributed in part to their unique phytochemical composition such as high level of anthocyanin pigments with other minor strong antioxidant components for potential use in neutraceutical or functional food formulations.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a new method for displaying colored defects by measuring the relative density with the wide-area and local densities of X-ray. The relative density of one pixel represents a relative difference from the surrounding pixels, and we also suggest a colorization of X-ray images representing these pixels as normal and defective. The traditional method mainly inspects materials such as plastics and metals, which have large differences in transmittance to the object. Our proposed method can be used to detect defects such as sprouts or holes in images obtained by an inspection machine that detects X-rays. In the experiment, the products that could not be seen with the naked eye were colored with pests or sprouts in a specific color so that they could be used in the agricultural product selection system. Products that are uniformly filled with a single ingredient inside, such as potatoes, carrots, and apples, can be detected effectively. However, it does not work well with bumpy products, such as peppers and paprika. The advantage of this method is that, unlike machine learning, it doesn't require large amounts of data. The proposed method could be applied to a screening system using X-rays and used not only in agricultural product screening systems but also in manufacturing processes such as processed food and parts manufacturing, so that it can be actively used to select defective products.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.929-935
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, and qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE)- detection kit, based on a modification of the Ellman and ELISA methods, for the detection of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticide. The developed kits were used to screen a large number of agricultural samples (spiked and real) for OP and CB pesticide residues. AChE was extracted from the heads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using Triton X-100, and was purified through 3 steps: diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography (DEAE), affinity chromatography and membrane filtering, and Mono-Q column chromatography. Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography was used for large-scale purification. The presence of OP and CB pesticide residues in agricultural samples was assayed on the basis of AchE inhibition value. The presence (6 bands) or absence of some colored bands on the test line indicated a negative or positive result, respectively. The limits of detection for measured organophosphorus (OP) and carbamates (CB) pesticide residues in standard pesticide solutions and fortified samples were ranged from 0.50 to 2.50 ppm and 0.50 to 4.75 ppm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 1974

Fourteen varieties of Korean chestnut were subjected to the test of adaptability for processing and the possibilities of colored products development. The fruit size of Korean chestnut ranged $11{\sim}18g$ and these small fruits could not be expected to be utilized for the processing of Marron glaces which requires larger size as $25{\sim}30g$. As the storge period is extended the discoloration tendency of chestnut flesh was increasingly developed, however, the fresh chestnut has shown layer-separating phenomenon and ragged surface of fruit which delivers disagreeable appearance to the finished product. The principal factors of discoloration occurred during processing were the behavior of tannin and darkening rate shown on flesh differed each other among varieties; the Chukpa and Yuma variety have exhibited the most serious discoloration and the Taab-b variety, the lightest. Taab-b variety in this connection could be expected to be available for Kanroni processing. For the industrialization of chestnut processing the flame-scorched peeling method is advisable. The capacity of this method is proportional to the square of scorching radius and highly flexible in controlling its performance. As for the processing of colored product, the sugar dehydration and coating and the sugar penetration method demand further study in basical views; however, the canned product of chestnut-redbean has shown the possibility of being utilized as a substitute for or paralleled use with the sugar-syruped canned product which so far has been considered as the only item of export to Japan.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2017

In this study, 17 kinds of polyphenols and 5 kinds of anthocyanins were analyzed to compare the contents of polyphenols and anthocyanins in 76 colored agricultural products. A total of 17 polyphenols were analyzed simultaneously by 9 phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, t-cinnamic acid) and 8 flavonoids ((+)catechin, syringic aldehyde, rutin, epicatechin gallate, naringin, luteolin, naringenin, kaempferol) and 5 anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside) were simultaneously analyzed. The total content of 17 polyphenols was determined as seoritae $255.1{\pm}7.5{\mu}g/g$, seomoktae $275.8{\pm}5.3{\mu}g/g$, black rice $78.5{\pm}4.6{\mu}g/g$, black sesame $75.8{\pm}3.2{\mu}g/g$, blueberry $143.3{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/g$, aronia $195.2{\pm}4.9{\mu}g/g$ and blackcurrent $131.6{\pm}3.2{\mu}g/g$, the highest content was found in the order of seomoktae > seoritae > aronia > blueberry > blackcurrant > black rice > black sesame. The total content of 5 anthocyanins was determined as seoritae $82.4{\pm}17.2{\mu}g/g$, seomoktae $95.2{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/g$, black rice $74.1{\pm}9.7{\mu}g/g$, black sesame were not detected, blueberry $110.8{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/g$, aronia $218.9{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/g$ and blackcurrent $209.7{\pm}4.0{\mu}g/g$, the highest content was found in the order of aronia > blackcurrant > blueberry > seomoktae > seoritae > black rice. These results indicated that seomoktae and aronia possessed the high level of functional components and further study will be needed to develop high value-added foods based on the colored agricultural products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and accurate analytical method for determining the composition of agricultural products and feeds. This study was conducted to measure anthocyanin contents in black colored soybean by using NIRS system. Total 300 seed coat of black colored soybean samples previously analyzed by HPLC were scanned by NIRS and over 250 samples were selected for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS(modified partial least squares) regression technique was developed in which the coefficient of determination for anthocyanin pigment C3G, D3G and Pt3G content was 0.952, 0.936, and 0.833, respectively. Each calibration equation was applied to validation set that was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration set, which showed high positive correlation both in C3G and D3G content file. In case Pt3G, the prediction model was needed more accuracy because of low $R^2$ value in validation set. This results demonstrate that the developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a rapid screening method for quantification of C3G and D3G contents in black colored soybean.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.559-562
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• 2003

The results and discussions of surveyed case site at constructed steel pile in potential acid sulfate soil were as follows. Topography at surveyed site was local alluvial valley and that site soils was classified as BanGog and YuGye series as detailed soil surveyed results in RDA and soil texture was Clay/Clay Loam. Soils pH was neutral, which was average 7.5 but much decreased to average 4.2 after $H_2O_2$ treatment. Organic matter and sulfate ions contents were very rich. The corrosion was severe at ground water fluctuation depth. Deposits colored black were attached to steel pile surface, which because of violent reaction in treatment HCI solution, were guessed as corrosion products (FeS) reduced by sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB). Consequently, main cause was thought microbiologically induced corrosion at this site where there is ground water fluctuation occurring oxidation and reduction reactions in turn and the soil is potential acid sulfate soil.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2011

Symptoms induced in the leaves of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), 'Seolhyang' and 'Eyeberry', were mosaic, distortion and black colored edge on leaves at Nonsan area, one of the important production areas in Korea. Electron microscopy by quick-dip revealed the flexuous rod-shape particles having about 550-600 nm length. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies composed of aggregated virus particles were observed frequently in mesophyll parenchyma and epidermal cells for the leaves of strawberry. The specific primers amplifying products of 635 bp and 729 bp were developed for RT-PCR detection of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV). Nucleotide identity of the CP gene of SMYEV was 92.8-99.2% with those of other SMYEV isolates from Gen-Bank database.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 1974

A survey of the available methods for the determination of piperine was made, and a new method, developed based upon alkaline hydrolysis at about $140^{\circ}C$ followed by colorimetric determination of the liberated piperidine. Piperidine on treatment with p-nitrophenyl diazonium fluoborate reagent gives a red colored complex which has an adsorption maximum at 530nm. The method measures the total pungency in pepper and applicaple to piperine of black pepper and oleoresin of black pepper. The advantage of the present method is that the pungent compounds can be determined in micro samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 2009

To develop new high-quality Yakchobugak, features of Lactococcus lactis-fermented waxy rice paste after addition of some colored powdered agro-food products were investigated. Total and reducing sugars of waxy rice paste fermented by lactic acid bacteria were higher than those of control raw waxy rice paste. Total acidity gradually increased as powder concentration rose, being 1.02-1.56% and 0.96-1.87% in samples fermented with Cucurbita maxima and Capsicum annuum powders, respectively; these values were 3-4 times those in rice fermented with other powders. Fermented waxy rice paste viscosities were lower than those of non-fermented samples. The viscosities of samples fermented with Curcuma longa and Opuntia ficus powders were in the range $100-160{\times}10^4$ centipoise($mPa{\cdot}s$), and those of pastes fermented with Robus coreanus and Camellia sinensis extracts were under $40{\times}10^4mPa{\cdot}s$. Hunter color lightness(L) values decreased and yellowness(b) values rose after fermentation. Waxy rice paste fermented with Robus coreanus showed uniform particle size distribution, and many pores, by scanning electron micrography.