• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.1111-1117
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• 2009

Effect of Rubus coreanum Miquel and Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten in combination with chicken breast and wheat gluten on functional properties and physicochemical characteristics during processing of cooked noodles were investigated. These studies were carried out to investigate functional properties of Rubus coreanum Miquel and Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten by the antioxidant ability. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by electron donating, xanthine oxidase inhibition rate and contents of total polyphenols. Overall, the antioxidant activities of hot water extracts were a little higher than those of ethanol extracts. Also, the antioxidant abilities at the concentration of 1,000 ppm in hot water extracts were higher than those of ethanol extracts by the determination of total polyphenol content and DPPH, which showed 150.25 mg% in extracts of Rubus coreanum Miquel and showed 69.36% in extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten. The effects on processing characteristics of cooked noodles were investigated in combination with transglutaminase (TGase), plant extracts, wheat gluten and chicken breast. Cooking time was very short as 340 second in CB (cooked breast), compared to other treatments. In contrast, NCB (non cooked breast) took a longer time as 779 second. Also, CB was higher than NCB, which showed 146.3% in CB and 61.5% in NCB in water absorption ratio during cooking of noodles. Tubidity of soup was the lowest at 0.240 in NCBT (non cooked breast transglutaminase), which means the lowest loss of solid in noodle during cooking. In case of treatment of TGase, overall texture properties were higher than other samples in hardness, cohesivness, springness and gumminess. In sensory evaluations, cooked noodles treated with TGase showed a higher percentage of overall acceptability than other treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.586-592
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• 2011

The storage quality of soybean sprouts washed with various electrolyzed waters was investigated. The washing solutions consisted of tap water (TW), sodium hypochlorite electrolyzed water (SHEW), and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW). The number of bacteria on the soybean sprouts after 5 min of exposure to TW, SHEW, and SAEW resulted in >0.5, 2.0, and 2.0 log CFU/g reductions, respectively. At both $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, the number of bacteria, weight loss ratio, and b value rapidly increased, and pH and L value rapidly decreased in soybean sprouts washed with TW. Whereas, the number of bacteria, pH, weight loss ratio, and color slowly changed in the soybean sprouts washed with SHEW and SAEW. Consequently, these results indicate that washing with electrolyzed water is an effective means of maintaining the quality and enhancing the shelf-life of soybean sprouts; both SHEW and SAEW reduced bacterial growth without affecting the other properties of soybean sprouts during storage.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

Modbus is a serial communications protocol, it has since become a practically standard communication protocol, and it is now a commonly available means of connecting industrial electronic devices. Therefore, it can be connected with all devices using Modbus protocol to the measurement and remote control on the ships, buildings, trains, airplanes and etc.. In this paper, we add the Modbus communication protocol to the existing lighting controller sensitivity to enable verification and remote control by external environmental factors, and also introduces a fuzzy inference system was configured by external environmental factors to control LED lighting. External environmental factors of temperature, humidity, illuminance value represented by the LED through a fuzzy control algorithm, the values accepted by the controller through the sensor. Modbus is using the RS485 Serial communication with other devices connected to the temperature, humidity, illumination and LED output status check is possible. In addition, the remote user is changed to enable it is possible to change the RGB values in the desired color change. Produced was confirmed that the LED controller output is based on the temperature, humidity and illumination.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.373-386
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• 2013

In this research, we specify the image consumers' preferred image quality ranges based on objective image quality evaluation factors and follow a method which measures preference of the natural image scenes. In other words, according to No-Reference, we select dynamic range, color, and contrast as factors of image quality measurements. For collecting sample images, we choose the preferred 200 landscapes which have over 30 recommendations by image consumers on the internet photo gallery. According to the scores of three objective factors of image quality measurements, the final expected score which means the image quality preference is measured and its total score is 100 points. In the main test, the actual image sample shows dynamic range 10 stop, LAB mean value L:54.7, A:2.96, B:-15.84, and RSC contrast 376.9. Total 200 image samples' normal distribution z value represents in dynamic range 0.21, LAB mean value L:0.15, A:0.38, B:0.13, and RSC contrast 0.08. In the standard normal distribution table, we can convert the z value as a percentage; dynamic range is 8.32%, LAB mean value is L:5.96%, A:14.8%, B:5.17%, and RSC contrast is 3.19%. And then, we convert the percentage values into the scores of 100; dynamic range is 91.68, LAB mean value is 91.36, and RSC contrast is 96.81. Therefore, we can conclude that the sample image's total mean score is 94.99 based on three objective image quality factors. Throughout our proposed image quality assessment model, we can measure the preference value of natural scenes. Also, we can specify the preferred image quality representation ranges and measure the expected image quality preference.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.289-300
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• 2008

This study aims to discriminate differences in natural landscapes between the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland and the Jirisan National Park in Korea, using functions of content-based image retrieval such as texture, shape, and color. Digital photographs of each National Park were taken and selected. The low-level functions of photographic images were reduced to orthogonally rotated five factors. Based on the reduced factors, a linear decision boundary was obtained between Cairngorms landscapes and Jirisan landscapes. As a result, the discriminant function significantly delineated two groups, resulting in $x^2=63.40$ with df=5(p<0.001). Both the eigenvalue 2.417 and the value of wilks' lambda 0.29 supported that the most proportion of total variability came from the differences between the means of discriminant function of groups. It was estimated that four independent variables explained about 70.7% of total variance of dependent variable. The variable with the largest effect on landscapes was far region-related factor(r=1.07), followed by near region-related factor (r=0.90). A total of 90.7% of cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. It was interpreted that far distant regions, as well as near distant regions, had sufficient discrimination power for landscape classification between the Cairngorms National Park and the Jirisan National Park, so that landscape identity of the National Park over cultures was revealed by skylines in a most effective way. Relatively fewer factors making visual landscapes were effectively used to classify natural landscapes of the National Parks which had different semantics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.540-547
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• 2009

There needs disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Then traditional Chinese medicine applies various medical diagnostic equipments used in western medicine to diagnosing sub-healthy state. But such data are not originated from inherent oriental medicine, and not obtained easily in ordinary clinical practice. This paper is to provide synopsis of the ante-disease diagno-therapeutics partly and to show predictable data based on the facial shapes and signs, especially of gall bladder's versus bladder's body and masculine versus feminine shape. Ante-disease means not only the complete healthy state, but also the state unseen any symptoms in macrographically in the course of outbreak of disease. It contains two stages, first one is the former state of disease and second one is untransmitted state of disease. The patterns of ante-disease consist of latent disease, pre-disease, transmission type like senescent syndrome, abnormal reactive syndrome(變證), syndrome of transmission and transmutation. The classification with gall bladder and bladder type manifests the differences of shape, color and size of each organ in comparison of the universal and standard figures of the human being. On the other hand, the classification with masculine and feminine shape contrasts the innate sexual difference and the shape, characteristics originated from in itself. These two classification theories have their own pathologic types and syndrome types with each disease so that disease-predictable data can be constructed based on such a relationship. In addition, this diagnostic method by facial shapes and signs is able to be applied to whole stages from prenatal to present state of disease even if the cause and inducement are not clear. Ante-disease diagno-theraputic system by Gall Bladder's versus Bladder's Body and Masculine versus Feminine Shape is getting more important in the chronic and internal disease in comparison of the acute and traumatic disease. So this study is able to make up for the limit of diagnosis on ante-disease in the field of oriental medicine clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.1 s.28
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

Particle materials sink in bottom and dissolved inorganic substances release from sediment and many kinds of materials continuously exchange in sediment and water column as well as transfer and transformation in sediment. The study of sediment quality means the state of sediment pollution relation of the water quality, sediment biota, materials fluxes between sediment and water column, transformation of materials in sediment is being important in recent. The state of sediment quality imply that the history of water pollution for long time, because the sediment quality does not change temporally. The sediment quality of bottom water can be used as a good indicator of pollution at present and in future. The major index of sediment qualities are the content of nutrients and hazard materials such as metals, Ignition Loss (IL), Total Sulfur (TS), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), sediment COD, color, odor and the release of nutrients from sediment. However, there are some arguments between researchers about compare to estimation of sediment quality and sampling and analysis of sediment. In this study, I will introduce the method of sediment sampling, analyzing and estimating of the sediment pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2001

The primary aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the improvement of methods in physical examination by providing quality information for the current school system and advice for improving status. Present status, controversial points and possible remedies in physical examination were analyzed on a frequency and percentage basis. An $x^2$-test was used to verify the statistics between the results from the examination and each variable. In case of multiple categories of variables, an $x^2$ cs was adopted. Chronological data as well as both total and sampling physical examination data verified the statistics using an $x^2$-test. This thesis is based both on the data from middle school health care specialists in Gyunggi Province and on the analysis of physical examinations reported from local schools to the municipal education agency from 1997 to 1999. The results of the study are as follows: First, according to the survey, only 29.0% of the total schools had their school doctors examine all the students while most of the educational institutions failed to implement the whole process of physical examination on the list. It also turned out that the more students the schools have, the lower the rate of implementation of physical examination by school doctors(p=0.014). Second, the average time a school doctor spends for checkup turned out to be approximately 1.7 minutes per student This means that the quality of the physical examination is not guaranteed in the process. Third, 47.7% of those surveryed say that a dental examination was performed, each taking 21.24 seconds on average. In addition, it shows that some 31.5% wanted to have a task force team for dental checkups at the local health center. Given the fact that dental caries among students is progressively on the rise, the dental health centers that are now set up in some elementary schools should be expanded to cover the whole educational institution in order to raise awareness of the importance of dental care. Fourth, 48.5% of those surveyed say that a comprehensive physical examination should be adopted to promote the health of high schoolers. Since it takes a lot of public funds to implement a comprehensive method, it is essential to make sure that in-depth studies should be based on the frequency and methods of physical examination. Fifth, regarding such diseases among 3rd year middle school students in 1999, statistics shows that there was a slight difference in the prevalence rate of color blindness, and allergic diseases for male students ; and color blindness, hearing disturbance and allergic disease for female students. For those items, however, it is too little to say that there is a significant difference and accordingly it is assumed to be a problem of the measuring process. Sixth, the result of analysis on the sample physical examination and the total physical examination of the year 1999 shows as follows: For male students in the 3rd year of middle school, a slight difference appeared to those students in 11 items including eye problems and eye disease, otitis media, tonsillar hypertrophy, spinal shape, respiratory urinary allergic disease and other abnormal diseases(p<0.05). Particularly, the prevalence rate between students with and without disease was shown to be two times more in the following: eye problems, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic diseases, etc. For female students in the 3rd year, prevalence rate showed little difference in 14 items(p<0.05). For items including eye problem, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic disease, etc. it was shown that the rate was two times more between students with and without diseases. Physical examinations under the current school system are not producing any fundamental results for the health of the students. Methods and results are not trustworthy. Accordingly, a drastic overhaul of the current practices is needed in frequency, methods and items on the list in order to promote the health of the students. Cost-benefit studies as well as political considerations to ensure the development of efficient methods for physical examination are urgently needed at this moment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.854-862
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• 2013

The number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae is known to be an unfixed trait among mammals. This study focused on the relationship between numerical variations of cervical (CER), thoracic (THO), and lumbar (LUM) vertebrae and the total number of vertebrae (TNV) and carcass traits in Jejunative black pigs (JBPs), Landrace pigs, and their intercrossed $F_2$ population. There were no numerical variations in CER vertebrae. On the other hand, the numbers of THO and LUM vertebrae and the TNV varied in all three populations. Of the traits investigated in the three populations, only the means${\pm}$SE of the LUM vertebrae did not show statistical significance (p>0.05). The carcass weights (CW), meat color (MC), marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BFT), carcass length (CLE), THO vertebrae, and TNV all showed statistical significance (p<0.05). The JBP had 14-16 THO vertebrae, 5-6 LUM vertebrae, and 27-29 TNV. The Landrace pigs had 15-16 THO vertebrae, 5-7 LUM vertebrae, and 28-29 TNV. The $F_2$ population had 14-17 THO vertebrae, 5-7 LUM vertebrae, and 27-30 TNV. In the F2 population, increased numbers of THO vertebrae and TNV were associated with a significant increase in the CW, CLE, and BFT (p<0.05). In particular, the increase in the TNV was caused by an increase in the number of THO rather than LUM vertebrae. Although the animals with a greater number of THO and TNV had thicker backfat, they had a longer CLE and a heavier CW. Both these traits are economically more important than the level of backfat when determining the productivity level. These results suggest that genetic selection to increase the number of vertebrae, especially in Landrace pigs, JBPs, and their related populations, may be an excellent strategy for improving productivity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the changes of fruit quality indices during fruit development and ripening in Korean new pear cultivar 'Changjo', developed from a cross between 'Tama' and '81-1-27' ('Danbae' ${\times}$ 'Okusankichi') in 1995 and named in 2009, to determine appropriate harvest time and to enhance the market quality and broaden the cultivation area. The fruits of 'Changjo' pears harvested from 132 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 160 DAFB. Fruit growth and quality indices were monitored at 1 week interval by measuring fruit weight, length, diameter, firmness, and taste related quality indices. The calculated fruit fresh weight increased continuously with fruit development and reached to an average of 594g on Sep. 20 (160 DAFB). The ratio of length to diameter declines as fruit maturation progress, resulting in 0.898 for ripe fruit stage as a round oblate shape. Flesh firmness of 'Changjo' pears showed over 30N until 153 DAFB and then decreased abruptly with fruit ripening, reaching a final level of about 26.44N on 160 DAFB. Starch content of fruit sap was also decreased abruptly after 146 DAFB which decreased almost half of the fruits harvested at 139 DAFB. In parallel with the decrease of flesh firmness, ethanol insoluble solids (EIS) content decreased sharply with fruit ripens, only 50% of EIS was detected on the fruits harvested on 160 DAFB when compared to that of the fruits harvested on 139 DAFB (Aug. 30). The maximum value of soluble solids contents was observed in the fruits harvested on 153 DAFB, resulting in $14.2^{\circ}Brix$. The changes of skin color difference $a^*$ which means loss of green color occurred only after 139 DAFB, coincide with the decrease of SPAD value of the fruit skin. The sugars of the 80% ethanol soluble fraction consisted mainly of fructose, sorbitol, glucose and sucrose, also increased during maturation and ripening. Fructose and sucrose contents were larger than those of glucose and sorbitol in flesh tissues. These results were explained that stored starch is converted to soluble sugars during fruit maturation, mainly in fructose and sucrose increasing the sweetness of this cultivar. Total polyphenols were increased up to middle of fruit maturation (146 DAFB) and then decreased continuously until the end of fruit maturation. Consequently, our results suggested that the commercial harvest time of 'Changjo' pears should not be passed 153 DAFB and late harvest of this cultivar would not good for quality maintenance during shelf-life. As a result of the post-harvest low-temperature acclimation experiment during the short-term transportation period, fruits harvested at 146 DAFB tended to maintain higher firmness after 14 days of simulated marketing at $25^{\circ}C$ compared to fruits harvested at 153 DAFB regardless of temperature set. And, the slower the rate of decrease to the final transport temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, the higher the incidence of internal browning and ethylene production. Therefore, in order to suppress the physiological disorder and to maintain the fruit quality when exporting to Southeast Asia in the 'Chanjo' pears, it is desirable to lower the temperature of the fruits within a short time after harvest and to set the harvest time before 146 days after full bloom.