• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.238-240
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• 2007

Anthracnose symptoms often occurred on fruits of Asian pear trees grown in Anseong, Naju, Seonghwan and Pyeongtaek in Korea during the harvesting period from 2000 to 2005. A total of 28 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms. All the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to fruits of Asian pear tree by artificial inoculation. All the isolates induced anthracnose symptoms on the fruits by wound inoculation but not by unwound inoculation. The anthracnose symptoms induced by artificial inoculation were similar to those observed in the orchard. This is the first report of anthracnose of Asian pear tree caused by Colletotrichum acutatum.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 2020

A Colletotrichum species was isolated from leaves of Cymbidium exhibiting symptoms of anthracnose. In this study, the isolates obtained were identified based on recent taxonomic approaches for the genus Colletotrichum. The identity of the causal pathogen was confirmed using morphological data and phylogenetic analysis of combined multi-gene dataset (internal transcribed spacer, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase-1, actin, histone3, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin). Pathogenicity testing revealed that the isolates were pathogenic to Cymbidium. Based on these results, the fungal pathogen occurring on Cymbidium orchids was identified as Colletotrichum cymbidiicola, which is a newly recorded species in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.310-312
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• 2009

A total of 82 isolates of Colletotrichum species were obtained from anthracnose symptoms of highbush blueberry trees grown in the Gochang area of Korea during a disease survey in 2008. Out of the isolates, 75 were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the others as C. acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Twenty six of C. gloeosporioides isolates produced their teleomorph Glomerella cingulata in PDA culture. Three isolates of each C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum caused anthracnose symptoms on the leaves by artificial inoculation, which were similar to what was observed in the orchards. Previously in Korea, only C. gloeosporioides has been reported as causing anthracnose in blueberries. This is the first report that C. acutatum causes anthracnose in the highbush blueberry in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2008

A total of 33 isolates of Colletotrichum species obtained from pepper, apple, and strawberry in 2001 and 2002 were identified based on mycological characteristics, responses to fungicides carbendazim and the mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb, and nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regionMost of the Colletotrichum isolates from pepper could be identified as C. acutatum. The pepper isolates produced grey white mycelia that gradually changed to dark gray. The conidia were variable in size, and almost cylindrical in shape with at least one rounded end. They could grow on PDA amended with carbendazim or with the mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb at $10{\mu}g/ml$, to which the isolates from apple and strawberry were very sensitive. A part of the ITS regions from the Colletotrichum isolates was amplified with the specific primers designed for C. acutatum (Ca1-1) or C. gloeosporioides (Cg1-3). A primer pair of Ca1-1 and a universal primer (ITS4) amplified a 496-bp DNA fragment from all of the pepper isolates examined and one apple isolate. Taken together, it is conclusive that the Colletotrichum isolates causing the typical lesion of anthracnose on pepper fruits are C. acutatum.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.203-204
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• 2003

Decayed samples of marketed mungbean sprout were collected from Sacheon, Suncheon, and Dangjin cities in Korea. Initial symptom on hypocotyls was dark-brown diamond speck, which developed into enlarged sunken brownish-black spot with irregular margin, followed by softening yellowish decay. Brown speck on cotyledon further developed into irregular lesions. This study isolated the fungus Colletotrichum sp. The fungal colony was pale orange, which turned greenish gray after 1 week at $25^{\circ}C$. Colony of reverse side in a petri dish was pink. Neither conidiomata nor setae were present in the culture. Typical fusiform conidia sized 7.5-15.0$\times$2.5-2.9 $\mu\textrm$were hyaline, aseptate, smooth, and had salmon color in mass. Conidiogenous cells were phialidic, hyaline, smooth, and cylindrical with terminal distinct collarette. Basedon these mycological characteristics, the casual organism was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum. This is first report of Colletotrichum acutatum in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

Paclitaxel (taxol) has long been used as a potent anticancer agent for the treatment of many cancers. Ever since the fungal species Taxomyces andreanae was first shown to produce taxol in 1993, many endophytic fungal species have been recognized as taxol accumulators. In this study, we analyzed the taxol-producing capacity of different Colletotrichum spp. to determine the distribution of a taxol biosynthetic gene within this genus. Distribution of the taxadiene synthase (TS) gene, which cyclizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate to produce taxadiene, was analyzed in 12 Colletotrichum spp., of which 8 were found to contain the unique skeletal core structure of paclitaxel. However, distribution of the gene was not limited to closely related species. The production of taxol by Colletotrichum dematium, which causes pepper anthracnose, depended on the method in which the fungus was stored, with the highest production being in samples stored under mineral oil. Based on its distribution among Colletotrichum spp., the TS gene was either integrated into or deleted from the bacterial genome in a species-specific manner. In addition to their taxol-producing capacity, the simple genome structure and easy gene manipulation of these endophytic fungal species make them valuable resources for identifying genes in the taxol biosynthetic pathway.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.480-489
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• 2018

Bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum species is a common fruit rotting disease of apple and one of the economically important disease in worldwide. In 2015 and 2016, distinct symptoms of bitter rot disease were observed in apple orchards in five regions of South Korea. In the present study, infected apples from these regions were utilized to obtain eighteen isolates of Colletotrichum spp. These isolates were identified and characterized according to their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence data of internal transcribed spacer regions and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase. Molecular analyses suggested that the isolates of Colletotrichum causing the bitter rot disease in South Korea belong to 4 species: C. siamense; C. fructicola; C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae. C. siamense and C. fructicola belonged to Musae Clade of C. gloeosporioides complex species while C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae belonged to the Clade 3 and Clade 2 of C. acutatum complex species, respectively. Additionally, we also found that the isolates of C. gloeosporioides species-complex were more aggressive than those in the C. acutatum species complex via pathogenicity tests. Taken together, our results suggest that accurate identification of Colletotrichum spp. within each species complex is required for management of bitter rot disease on apple fruit in South Korea.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1986

The symptom of anthracnose of chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Mill) was darkbrown to black, water­soaked lesions with acervuli on fruits. Field survey revealed that the incidence rate of anthracnose ranged from $0.8\%\;to\;23\%$. to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz and C. dematium(Fr.) Grove were identified as the causal organisms of the disease. C. gloeosporioides and C. dematium produced severe symptoms on fruits resulting in complete necrosis, but produced no or mild symptoms on leaves and stems of chinese matrimony vine. Of three isolates of C. dematium, isolate I and isolate III caused severe infection on immature fruits and isolate I was the most pathogenic on mature fruits of the plant. Isolates II of C. dematium caused relatively severe lesions on pepper fruit, but C. gloeosporioides was pathogenic on apple fruit.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2018

Rapid and accurate detection methods for Colletotrichum coccodes, an anthracnose pathogen of pepper and tomato, were developed using PCR. A specific primer set, coccoTef-F/coccoTef-R, which was constructed by analyzing tef-$1{\alpha}$ genes from 13 species and 22 strains of Colletotrichum, could specifically detect C. coccodes at a level of 10 ng by conventional PCR method and at 10 pg by real-time PCR. The PCR-based methods were also capable of detecting C. coccodes in pepper and tomato seeds artificially infected with the pathogen. The developed PCR methods can be applied for rapid and accurate inspection of C. coccodes in the seeds intended for export or import.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Colletotrichum contains many important pathogens which cause economically significant diseases of crops like pepper, strawberry, tomato and apple. Forty four isolates were collected to characterize the diversity of Colletotrichum causing apple anthracnose in various regions of Korea. They were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA and partial $\beta$-tubulin gene DNA sequence, and culture characteristics on PDA and PDA-Benomyl. From the results of molecular analyses, 31 strains belonged to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, ribosomal DNA group (RG) 4 of Moriwaki et al. (2002), 8 strains belonged to C. acutatum, A2 group of Talhinhas et al. (2005) and 5 strains to C. acutatum, A3 group of Talhinhas et al. (2005). Most isolates of C. gloeosporioides RG4 grew faster on PDA than strains of C. acutatum, A2 and A3 groups and most RG4 strains were sensitive to Benomyl. However, a few strains of RG4 grew slower and were resistant to Benomyl. On the basis of molecular characteristics, apple isolates of C. acutatum were clearly differentiated from red pepper isolates of the species, but apple isolates of C. gloeosporioides were not.