• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

With the recent spread of the concept of Smart Cities which is to solve urban problems with ICT technology, Living Lab, which identifies the demands of citizens who dwell in the city and verifies the acceptability of the services being introduced, has become an important topic. Living Lab is an open innovation platform introduced in consideration of the user's perspective in real life and is a new approach in that service developers use collective intelligence in the process of Co-creation with users. Living Lab is operated on topics which is close to citizens' daily lives such as energy, housing, transportation, and education. In particular, as energy and environmental-focused Living Lab emerges in accordance with the 'Korean New Deal Policy', interest and importance in the field are increasing. The paper derives the characteristics of water resource Living Lab through case analysis of several Living Lab practices. Water resource Living Lab in Daejeon and Chuncheon, which are located in Korea, and water resource Living Lab in Romania and Indonesia are covered in this paper as the reference. The paper finally analyzes the case of Sambang Water Living Lab in Gimhae, which is the city located in southern part of Korea. As a result of case analysis, the urban water resource Living Lab focuses on the raw water of urban water resource and should respond sensitively to the safety of citizens. And for the success of this urban water resource Living Lab, it is essential to ensure that citizens participating in the Living Lab clearly understand the concept of water resources, and citizens' opinions to be implemented as services.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

The residence means a given place. It is repeated that process of overcome, protection, assimilation and adaptation has applied to environmental condition. Architecture is part of environment and various. Thus there are lots of types. We need the place with uniqueness, and it is suitable for biological and humanistic environment. The living space turned to be meaningful place with design, and people start to live with nature together. Therefore design restructures whole environment and makes people to be closed with nature. We have to understand nature of environment to connect one place with the other place, and people start to put down roots certain place. Coping with social needs, we have to develop the architectural alternative which can be applied to natural condition. This study suggest sound high-density urban residential model as it function social mix.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.600-603
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• 1995

A series of samples in the Sm1-xSrxCoO3-y(x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) system has been prepared at 1200 ℃ under ambient atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples with x=0.00 and 0.25 are indexed with orthorhombic symmetry like GdFeO3 and x=0.50 appears to be perfectly cubic. In the tetragonal system (x=0.75), the structure is similar to that of SrCoO2.80. The composition of x=1.00, SrCoO2.52, shows the brownmillerite-type structure. The reduced lattice volume is increased with x value in this system. The chemical analysis shows the τ value (the amount of the Co4+ ions in the system) is maximized at the composition of x=0.50. Nonstoichiometric chemical formulas are determined by the x, τ and y values. The electrical conductivity has been measured in the temperature range of 78 to 1000 K. The activation energy is minimum for those of x=0.25 and x=0.50 with metallic behavior. First-order semiconductor-to-metal transition of SmCoO3 is not observed. Instead, a broad, high-order semiconductor-to-metal transition is observed. In general, the effective magnetic moment is increased with increasing τ values at low temperature. At high temperature, the magnetic moment is maximum for that of x=0.00. The 3d-electrons are collective and give ferromagnetism in x=0.50.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Purpose - Beginning from the formation of the two governments, South and North Korea in 1948, North Korean collective economy as per trade in exchange strategies with right of way employed on heavy and chemical companies, against the external concerned with South Korean selling economy. This study aims to provide solutions for the joint economic prosperity of South and North Korea in the future. Research design, Data, and methodology - This study adopted a qualitative content analysis research method. This research method focuses on themes and concepts that are present in previous literature. This method seeks to derive relationships and meanings by analyzing themes and concepts within existing data. Result - According to qualitative textual analysis, the findings indicate that there are total seven solutions to lead the joint economic prosperity of South and North Korea (Technology Innovation, Energy and Construction, Construction companies and the Gulf market; Oppression via negotiation, Sports and Culture, Agenda-setting and Framing; Competition System). Conclusion - The Korean Government's association strategies outlines tackled in this study are uniform to each other because they are phased, peaceful, regular, and well-designed. But there were situations in which diminutive tenure North Korea approaches was enlisted beyond medium-to-lasting-period union strategies. North Korea should allow a free market whereby its citizens can freely trade among themselves and other people from South Korea.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.464-472
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• 1996

이온화 클러스터 빔 증착에 의한 박막 형성 기구를 연구하였다. 가속전압, 기판온도, 표면이동 활성화에너지, 임계핵 크기 등이 박막의 결정입자크기 및 표면 평활도에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 Monte-Carlo방법에 근거한 전산 모사 프로그램을 개발하였다. 클러스터의 운동에너지가 박막형성에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 높은 가속전압이 입자들의 표면이동에너지를 증가시키며 단결정막의 생성을 용이하게 함을 알 수 있었다. 기판온도가 증가함에 따라 입자의 운동에너지 소산(dissipation)속도는 느려지고 따라서 결정입자의 크기가 커졌다. 이러한 효과는 임계핵 크기가 클수록 두드러졌다. 표면이동 활성화에너지는 입자와 기판간의 상호작용력과 운동에너지 소산속도에 영향을 미침이 발견되었다. 가속전압, 기판온도, 표면이동 활성화에너지는 박막의 평활도에 복합적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

Electromechanical properties of REBCO CC tapes are known to be limited by defects (cracks) that form in the brittle REBCO layer. These defects could be inherently acquired during the CC tapes' manufacturing process, such as slitting, and which can be initiated at the CC tapes' edges. If propagated and long enough, they are believed to cause critical current degradation and can substantially decrease the delamination strength of CC tapes. Currently, commercially available CC tapes from various manufacturers utilize different growth techniques for depositing the REBCO layers on the substrates in their CC tapes preparation. Their epitaxial techniques, unfortunately, cannot perfectly avoid the formation of particles, in which sometimes acts as current blocking defects, known as outgrowths. Collective research regarding the composition, size, and formation of these particles for various CC tapes with different deposition techniques are particularly uncommon in a single study. Most importantly, these particles might interact in one way or another to the existing cracks. Therefore, systematic investigation on the interactions between the cracks' development mechanism and particles on the REBCO superconducting layers of practical CC tapes are of great importance, especially in the design of superconducting devices. Here, a proper etching process was employed for the CC tapes to expose and observe the REBCO layers, clearly. The scanning electron microscope, field emission scanning microscope, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were utilized to observe the interactions between cracks and particles in various practical CC tapes. Particle compositions were identified whether as non-superconducting or superconducting and in what manner it interacts with the cracks were studied.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.225-225
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• 2013

Nanostructured noble metals have been attractive for their unusual optical properties and are widely utilized for various purposes. The optical properties mainly originating from collective electron oscillation can assist direct energy conversion via surface plasmon resonances. Here, we investigated the effect of surface plasmons of silver nanowires on the generation of hot electrons. It is reported that the surface plasmons of silver nanowires exhibit longitudinal and transverse modes, depending on the aspect ratio of the nanowires. In order to measure the hot electron flow through the metallic nanowires, chemically modified Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes were employed as the electric contact. The silver nanowires were deposited on a Au metal layer via the spray method to control uniformity and the amount of silver nanowire deposited. We measured the hot electron flow generated by photon absorption on the silver nanowires deposited on the Au/TiO2 Schottky diodes. The incident photon-to-current efficiency was measured a function of the photon energy, revealing two polarization modes of siliver nanowires: transverse and longitudinal modes. UV-Vis spectra exhibited two polarization modes, which are also consistent with the photocurrent measurements. Good correlation between the IPCE and UV-vis measurements suggests that hot electron measurement on nanowires on nanodiodes is a useful way to reveal the intrinsic properties of surface plasmons of nanowires.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to review the concepts of Jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) in the light of the Jungian psychology. According to the explanations of the Jungian psychology human beings have archetypes-a priori conditioning factors-in the collective unconscious. These archetyps are concerned with common concepts conceived by mankind about the fundamental elements which constitute the universe and the existence. The archetype is perceived in a symbol, hence Jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) also are these symbolic representations which had common background of mankind. The meaning of Jing(精) is emphasized as psychic and physical elements, and concerned with instinct. Qi(氣) corresponds to Jung's definition of libido as life energy. The concept of Shen(神) has the value of the self archetype as whole psyche's president principle. Hun(魂) and Po(魄) are intuitive notions of the Orient compared with Animus and Anima which are characteristic representations. However from a standpoint of autonomous energy as archetype the difference would be diminished. Considering each purpose of Hun(魂) and Po(魄) Hun(魂) has a intention of integrating the unconscious flux into consciousness while Po(魄) has a tendency toward instinct to secure a body. It is precious to recognize deeply that these concepts of jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) play an important part which mediate between the unconscious and consciousness, psyche and body as symbols.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

본 논문은 동물들의 집단행동에서 나타나는 포식자-희생자 관계에서 포식자에 대한 희생자의 추격회피 행동을 분석한다. 희생자가 포식자의 추격을 피하는 하나의 방법이 인접거리에서 급회전을 하는 것이다. 그때 희생자가 추격으로부터 살아남기 위해서는 임계거리와 회전각은 매우 중요하다. 여기서 임계거리는 회전 시작 직전 포식자와 희생자 사이의 거리이다. 이러한 임계거리와 회전각을 분석하기 위하여 본 논문은 추격의 시작에서 보유한 포식자의 에너지와 추격동안 소비한 포식자의 에너지를 이용한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여, 임계거리가 짧을수록 희생자가 추격으로부터 살아남을 수 있는 회전각은 커진다는 것과 포식자의 질량에 대한 희생자의 질량의 비율이 작아지는 경우에도 역시 회전각 커진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 자연에서 나타나는 현상과 유사하며, 따라서 이것은 본 논문에서 분석한 방법이 옳다는 것을 의미한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2015

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES: The effects of malnutrition on growth of toddlers and preschoolers by socioeconomic status are not well known. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary intake on growth outcomes in toddlers and preschoolers by household income level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population was a total of 1,687 children aged 1 to 5 years that participated in the KNHANES from 2009 to 2011. Growth of children was assessed by height for age (HFA) and weight for height (WFH). Children were classified into three groups according to children's HFA and WFH compared to the $10^{th}$ and $90^{th}$ percentiles of the 2007 Korean Children and Adolescent Growth Standard. Average monthly household income was divided into quartile groups. Dietary intake data were obtained by using the one day 24-hr recall method. Risks of inadequate intake of nutrients and unfavorable growth were estimated by using a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, region, and energy intake. RESULTS: The low HFA group (<$10^{th}$ percentile) had significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and thiamin as compared with the high group (${\geq}90^{th}$ percentile). For WFH status, vitamin C intake was lower in the low group than in the high group. Household income level was related to WFH status but not HFA. Children from lower income households were more likely to have high WFH than those from higher income households (P for trend = 0.038). Household income status was also significantly related with risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients such as thiamin (P for trend = 0.032) and vitamin C (P for trend = 0.002), showing higher odds of inadequate intakes in children from lower income households. CONCLUSIONS: Children from lower income households were prone to be overweight and to have inadequate intakes of micronutrients such as thiamin and vitamin C. To reduce nutritional and health disparities, collective action in the public sector is required from early life.