• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2017

A cyclone is an effective tool to facilitate the collection of aerosol particles without using filters, and in cell exposure studies is able to collect a sufficient amount of aerosol particles to evaluate their adverse health effect. In this study, we examined two different methods to improve the aerosol particle collection efficiency of a cyclone. The individual and combined effects of reducing the surface roughness of the inner wall of the cyclone and of using a circular cone attachment were tested. The collection efficiency of particles of diameter $0.2{\mu}m$ was improved by approximately 10% when using a cyclone with a smoothened inner wall (average roughness $Ra=0.08{\mu}m$) compared with the original cyclone ($Ra=5.1{\mu}m$). A circular cone attachment placed between the bottom section of the cyclone and the top section of a collection bottle, resulted in improved collection of smaller particles without the attachment. The 50% cutoff diameter of the modified cyclone (combined use of smoothened inner wall and attachment) was $0.23{\mu}m$ compared to $0.28{\mu}m$ in the original model. The combined use of these two techniques resulted in improved collection efficiency of aerosol particles.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1997

One hundred and eighty two lactic acid bacteria, isolated mainly from kimchi, including reference strains were examined for their ability to utilize 95 carbon sources. The test strains were assigned to 5 major, 1 minor and 12 single-membered clusters based on the $S_{SM}$, UPGMA algorithm (at similarity of $80{\%}$). These aggregate clusters were equivalent to the genus Leuconostoc (aggregate cluster M and N), the genus Lactobacillus (aggregate cluster Q and R), and the genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc (aggregate cluster O and P) according to the database of the Biolog system. This study demonstrates that rapid identification and classification of isolates originating from kimchi can be achieved on the basis of such carbon source utilization tests.

• Mycobiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2006

Effects of various preservation periods and subcultures on fruiting body formation of Cordyceps militaris were investigated using EFCC C-10995 single ascospore strains. Fruiting body formation by original strains was profuse when preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}6$ months. Fruiting from subcultures was stable till second to sixth subcultures, after which it decreased sharply. The more the colony color of subcultures changed, the less the fruiting bodies formed. Liquid inoculum preparation of single ascospore strains in the same or separate broths did not affect fruiting body formation. Similarly, two strains C-10995-3 and C-10995-6 in different numbers during liquid inoculum preparation produced similar fruiting bodies.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.288-299
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• 2023

Aspergillus is one of the largest and diverse genera of fungi with huge economical, biotechnological, and social significance. Taxonomically, Aspergillus is divided into six subgenera comprising 27 sections. In this study, 235 strains of Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati (section: Candidi, Circumdati, Flavi, Flavipedes, Nigri, and Terrei) preserved at the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) were analyzed and re-identified using a combined dataset of partial b-tubulin (BenA), Calmodulin (CaM) gene sequences and morphological data. We confirmed nineteen species to be priorly reported in Korea (A. neotritici, A. terreus, A. floccosus, A. allahabadii, A. steynii, A. westerdijkiae, A. ochraceus, A. ostianus, A. sclerotiorum, A. luchuensis, A. tubingensis, A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. japonicus, A. nomius, A. tamarii, A. parasiticus, A. flavi, and A. oryzae). Among the studied strains, three species (A. subalbidus, A. iizukae, and A. uvarum), previously unreported or not officially documented, were discovered in Korea, to the best of our knowledge. We have given a detailed description of the characteristic features of the three species, which remain uncharted in Korea.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.429-453
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• 2016

이 연구는 대학도서관의 단행본 대출패턴을 대출건수 및 Bonn 이용계수 측면에서 주제별, 신분별, 계열별로 분석하였다. 이 연구에서는 대출건수의 과반 이상을 차지하는 도서를 '집중장서'라 정의하였으며, 전체 대출건수의 50%를 대출도서의 20%인 집중장서가 차지한다는 '대출도서 20/50 법칙'을 제안하였다. 각 주제별 대출건수 중 집중장서가 차지하는 비중을 이용계수를 이용하여 분석하였고, 월별 대출패턴과 대출기간도 분석하였다. 또한 대출횟수와 대출기간을 함께 고려한 '장서활용량'을 정의하고, 집중장서의 대출패턴을 대출횟수와 장서활용량 측면에서 비교분석하였다. 집중장서의 경우 총 대출건수와 총 장서활용량의 약 50%를 차지함을 알 수 있었고 모두 멱함수 분포도를 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.188-206
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• 2001

In 1990's, many collections, showing trends of restoration, took the hippie fashion as their main theme. Therefore, this study investigates the aspects of the hippie trend focusing on style, materials, colors shown in Mlan Collection, New York Collection, London Collection, Paris Collection, Tokyo Woman's Collection, and street fashions. 1. In style, the collections and street fashions exhibited layered look. 2. In materials, natural fibers were preferred s in 1960's . 3. In colors, natural hues such as black, white, and brown were primarily used, whereas vivid colors were used as accent. 4. In patterns, floral patterns were most extensively used as the flower is the symbol of Hippie. Animal patterns were also used. 5. In accessories, the Indian bred, a symbolic accessory of Hippie, was used with various materials. The hippie fashion in 1990's appeared not s a total fashion, but as an ancillary associate has the role of accentuation like hair-style, make-up, acessaries, etc.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

In this study, the collection efficiency of inertial impactors was numerically simulated by employing the statistical Lagrangian particle tracking(SLPT) model. The SLPT model was proven to be correct in predicting the impactor collection efficiency, when the numerically obtained collection efficiencies were compared with the experimental data of Marple et al.(1987) at normal pressure level and the experimental data of $Marjam{\ddot{a}}ki$ et al.(2000) at low pressure level. Based on the validation results, balloon-borne impactors with the cut-off sizes of $1{\mu}m$, $2.5{\mu}m$, and $10{\mu}m$ were designed. Then, the sampling flowrates of the inertial impactors, required to keep the cut-off sizes constant at different pressures and temperatures, were estimated according to the altitude.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1993

Electrostatic Precipitator has been widely used to get high efficiency which is required for collection of fine particles. In order to provide collection efficiency and size distribution data for a pilot electrostatic precipitator, a pilot study has been conducted on fly ash from pulverized coal burning apparatus. The aims of this study are to investigate characteristics of electric charge, to measure collection efficiency varied with the applied voltage, to get an optimum current and current density. Optimum current density was obtained to 0.7mA/$cm^2$ at the average electric field strength 2.33kV/cm in this experiment. Maximum particle collection efficiency was indicated 99.21% at the applied voltage 7kV. Finally, particle size distribution is also compared with photographic results. Both coarse and fine particles at the range of 0.5$\sim$2$\mu$m and 3$\sim$10 SEM $\mu$m were clearly removed by increasing applied voltage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2009

본 실험은 볏짚 수거시기에 따른 물리적 특성, 사료가치, 소화율 및 기호성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 볏짚 수거시기를 9처리 3반복(T1: 벼 수확 후 10일, T2: 벼 수확 후 25일, T3: 벼 수확 후 40일, T4: 벼 수확 후 51일, T5: 벼 수확 후 70일, T6: 벼 수확 후 85일, T7: 벼 수확 후 100일, T8: 벼 수확 후 115일, T9: 벼 수확 후 130일)으로 하여 2007년 10월부터 2008년 2월까지 경북대학교 실험포장에서 실시하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 볏짚 수거시기가 늦어짐에 따라 초장, 엽장, 녹색도는 떨어지며, 곰팡이 발생 및 건물 손실은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 볏짚 수거시기가 늦어짐에 따라 일반성분 중 조단백질, 조지방, 함량은 떨어졌으나, 조섬유 함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 조회분은 함량은 일정한 경향치를 나타내지 않았다. 반추위 소화율은 볏짚 수거시기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다 기호성에 있어서는 볏짚 수거시기가 진행됨에 따라 한우, 젖소, 사슴에 있어서 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 볏짚수거 시기가 늦어지면 물리적 특성, 영양적 특성 및 기호성이 모두 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 볏짚 수거시기는 가급적 빠른 시기(수확후 $10{\sim}40$일 사이)에 이루어지는 것이 양질의 볏짚을 생산하는 방안으로 생각된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1632-1642
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• 2021

Objective: The hypothesis was that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs. Methods: Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight: 77.8±4.5 kg) that were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. An N-free diet and 3 diets containing corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets were fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3 N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3 N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at -20℃ immediately after collection. Data were analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, reanalyzed independently for each diet as a 2×2 factorial. Results: There were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed. Conclusion: It is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers if ileal digesta are stored at -20℃ immediately after collection.