• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.173-188
• /
• 2015

Several structural calamities in the second half of the 20th century have shown that adequate collapse-resistance cannot be achieved by designing the individual elements of a structure without taking their interconnectivity into consideration. It has long been acknowledged that membrane behaviour of reinforced concrete structures can significantly increase the robustness of a structure and delay a complete collapse. An experimental large-scale test was conducted on a horizontally restrained, continuous reinforced concrete slab exposed to an artificial failure of the central support and subsequent loading until collapse of the specimen. Within this investigation the development of catenary action associated with the formation of large displacements was observed to increase the ultimate load capacity of the specimen significantly. The development of displacements, strains and horizontal forces within this investigation confirmed a load transfer process from an elastic bending mechanism to a tension controlled catenary mechanism. In this contribution a special focus is directed towards strain and crack development at critical sections. The results of this contribution are of particular importance when validating numerical models related to the development of catenary action in concrete slabs.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2021

Failure of a Multi-storeyed reinforced concrete framed structure occurs when a primary vertical structural component is isolated or made fragile, due to artificial or natural hazards. Load carried by vertical component (column) is transferred to neighbouring columns in the structure, if the neighbouring column is incompetent of holding the extra load, this leads to the progressive failure of neighbouring members and finally to the failure of partial or whole structure. The collapsing system frequently seeks alternative load path in order to stay alive. One of the imperative features of collapse is that the final damage is not relative to the initial damage. In this paper, the effect on the column and beam adjacent to statically removed vertical element in terms of axial force, shear force and bending moment is investigated. Using Alternate load path method, numerical modelling of two dimensional one bay, two bay with variation in storey heights are analysed with FE model in order to obtain better understanding of failure mechanism of multi-storeyed reinforced concrete framed structure. The results indicate that the corner column is more susceptible to progressive collapse when compared to middle column, using this simplified methodology one can easily predict how the structure can be made to stay alive in case of sudden failure of any horizontal or vertical structural element before designing.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.251-263
• /
• 2011

대단면 터널의 안전한 시공을 달성하기 위해서는 굴착암반의 공학적 특성 및 단층 등과 같은 구조지질적인 특성에 대한 파악이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 현장은 운모 편암내에 대규모 스러스트 단층이 존재하고 있어, 대단면 터널 굴착시 터널의 안정성에 매우 심각한 영향을 미치는 지질공학적 리스크가 특히 큰 현장이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 스러스트 단층의 구조지질적 분포 특성 및 단층암의 공학적 특성에 대한 지반조사결과를 바탕으로 터널낙반의 원인과 메카니즘을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 대단면 터널의 안전한 재시공을 위한 합리적인 보강대책을 수립하였다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2012

Post-earthquake fire (PEF) can lead to a rapid collapse of buildings that have been partially damaged as a result of a prior earthquake. Almost all standards and codes for the design of structures against earthquake ignore the risk of PEF, and thus buildings designed using those codes could be too weak when subjected to a fire after an earthquake. An investigation based on sequential analysis inspired by FEMA356 is performed here on the immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) performance levels of two portal frames, after they are pushed to arrive at a certain level of displacement corresponding to the mentioned performance level. This investigation is followed by a fire analysis of the damaged frames, examining the time taken for the damaged frames to collapse. As a point of reference, a fire analysis is also performed for undamaged frames and before the occurrence of earthquake. The results indicate that while there is minor difference between the fire resistances of the fire-alone situation and the frames pushed to the IO level of performance, a notable difference is observed between the fire-alone analysis and the frames pushed to arrive at LS and CP levels of performance and exposed to PEF. The results also show that exposing only the beams to fire results in a higher decline of the fire resistance, compared to exposing only the columns to fire. Furthermore, the results show that the frames pushed to arrive at LS and CP levels of performance collapse in a global collapse mode laterally, whereas at the IO level of performance and fire-alone situation, the collapse mechanism is mostly local through the collapse of beams. Whilst the investigation is conducted for a certain class of portal frames, the results confirm the need for the incorporation of PEF into the process of analysis and design, and provide some quantitative measures on the level of associated effects.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2004

For the grillage which is common types of structures in marine and land-based structural system, the elastic response and design methods are usually applied. However, plastic analysis and design methods are considered Tn those structures to maintain the structural stability at the limit states. In grillage design, the central intersection point load may be used as a worst loading condition. However, a point load may often move around on the grid system. in such case, the worst load point would not necessarily be at the central point. To investigate the variation of plastic collapse load according to the location of moving load between intersections, the plastic collapse loads are obtained for the three types of grillages with simply-supported ends. From the result of each case, it is confirmed that the worst load point is located between intersections. General formulae related with plastic collapse loads for the three groups of grillages with simply-supported boundaries are derived. Those plastic collapse formulae for the grillages are applied to the design of pontoon deck, and optimum design procedure is illustrated. Consequently, general formulae for the plastic collapse of grillages derived from this study can be easily applied to the plastic analysis and optimum design of similar grillages.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.147-162
• /
• 2001

This paper presents an analytical method which takes into account the non-linearity of individual members, and discusses some case study results. It also discusses the relationship between member non-elastic behavior and excitation duration, and the relationship between member fracture and overall structure behavior. It is clearly demonstrated that the frame already shows almost unstable behavior due to long-columnization just before the occurrence of a column fracture. Then, a column fracture immediately induces a structural collapse mechanism.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2000

This Paper presents dynamic analysis of underground R/C Subway Structure, subjected to seismic actions. Earthquakes brought serious damage to RC subway Structure. Foe studying the collapse mechanism of underground RC Subway, seismic of a subway station is simulated in using FEM program ASP2000 of two-dimension based on the path dependent RC elastic model, soil foundation and interfacial models. The shear failure of intermediate vertical columns is founds to be the major cause of the structural collapse. According to FEM simulation of the failure mechanism, it is considered that the RC column would lose axial load carrying capacity after the occurrence of the localized diagonal shear cracks , and sudden failure of the outer frame would be followed. Specially, the shear stress in the middle slab reaches maximum shear capacity. So, the Structure would fail in the middle slab as a result of erasing the vertical ground motion computation.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.33-46
• /
• 1988

This paper describes a simplified method for estimation of the ultimate compressive strength of actual ship panels with initial deflection of complex shape. The proposed method consists of the elastic analysis using the large deflection theory and the rigid-plastic analysis based on the collapse mechanism which also includes the large deformation effect. In order to reduce the computing time for the elastic large deflection theory and the rigid-plastic analysis based on the collapse mechanism which also includes the large deformation effect. In order to reduce the computing time for the elastic large deflection analysis, only one term of Fourier series for the plate deflection is considered. The results of the proposed method are in good agreement with those calculated by the elasto-plastic large deflection analysis using F.E.M. and the computing time of the proposed method is extremely short compared with that of F.E.M.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2017

일반교량 내진설계의 목적은 지진발생 직후에 긴급차량의 통과를 허용하도록 하는 '붕괴방지설계'의 수행이다. 도로교설계기준은 연성구조를 구성하여 '붕괴방지설계'를 수행하는 규정을 제시하고 있으며 이 과정에서 연결부분과 하부구조에 적용하는 응답수정계수가 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 하부구조 응답수정계수의 경우 도로교설계기준은 연성과 여용력을 고려한 계수인 반면 AASHTO LRFD 교량설계기준은 교량의 중요도를 핵심, 중요 및 일반으로 구분한 인위적인 인자를 추가로 반영한 계수를 제시하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 강재받침과 철근콘크리트 교각기둥으로 구성된 일반교량을 선정하고 도로교설계기준의 설계조건과 함께 하부구조 응답수정계수를 차등 적용하는 경우의 설계결과를 비교, 검토하였으며 이로부터 하부구조 응답수정계수의 차등 적용 시 설계기준에 요구되는 보완사항을 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.185-197
• /
• 2007

한계해석법인 상 하계법은 점착성, 점착성-마찰성, 마찰성분만 가지는 지반에서의 주로 얕은 터널에 대한 안정수를 구하기 위해 발전되어 왔다. 그러나 점성이 없고 마찰성분만 존재하는 지반에서의 비교적 깊은 터널에 대한 이러한 해석법의 연장은 현재까지 그 연구가 드물게 진행되어왔다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 상황에서의 터널붕괴하중을 구하기 위한 근사적인 해석법으로 응력불연속장에 근거하는 하계법과 동적 파괴메카니즘에 근거하는 상계법을 각각 제안하였다. 이러한 해석법에 의한 터널붕괴하중은 수치해석과 기존의 경계해석법과 비교되었으며 특히, 터널 수평축 상에 위치하는 유한지반요소들에 대한 유한요소해석 결과와 잘 일치됨을 보여 주었다.