• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.144-152
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• 1998

Changes of biological components in haemolymph of Helicoverpa assulta Guenee were investigated during the development and pupae of cold-stress periods. Protein content was the highest in the larval stage, whereas it showed somewhat lower level at the cold-stressed pupae. The level of free amino acids was high in the larval and adult stages. Althougth decresed in pupal stage, the level of free amino acid remarkably increased at the cold-stressed pupae. Total lipids were a little increased at the pupal stage, after small quantity decreased in I-day old adults, and then remarkably decreased at the cold-stressed pupae. Glycogen was increased at the pupal stage, and somewhat decreased in the stage of adult, but remarkably decreased at the cold-stressed pupae. From thin layer chromatographic analysis, glucose was detected in small quantity at 1-day old pupae, one-day old adults, and cold-stressed pupae, respectively. Each .activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases was the highest in the 1 and 7-day old pupae, respectively, and both enzyme activities were increased about two-fold compared to the activity in the cold-stressed pupae. A total of 2 phosphatase isozymes were observed in throughout the developmental stage, and a new isozyme specific to cold-stressed pupae was identified.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to ascertain the curing period of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer, using mechanical analyses and specimen quality tests on the field. METHODS : Cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer mixture was produced in the plant from reclaimed asphalt, natural aggregate, filler for the cold mix, and the modified emulsion AP using asphalt mix design and plant mix design. In order to examine the applicability of the curing period during the field test, the international standards for the possibility of core extraction and the degree of compaction and LFWD deflection were analyzed. Moreover, Marshall stability test, porosity test, and indirect tensile strength test were performed on the specimens of asphalt mix and plant mix design. RESULTS : The plant production process and compaction method of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer were established, and the applicability of the optical moisture content for producing the mixture was verified through the field test. In addition, it was determined that the core extraction method of the conventional international curing standard was insufficient to ensure performance, and the LFWD test demonstrated that the deflection converges after a two-day curing. However, the back-calculation analysis reveals that a three-day curing is satisfactory, resulting in a general level of performance of dense asphalt base-layer. Moreover, from the result of the specimen quality test of the asphalt mix design and plant mix design according to the curing period, it was determined that the qualities satisfied both domestic and international standards, after a two-day curing. However, it was determined that the strength and stiffness after three-day curing are higher than those after a two-day curing by approximately 3.5 % and 20 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:A three-day curing period is proposed for the cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer; this curing period can be demonstrated to retain the modulus of asphalt-base layer in the field and ensure stable quality characteristics.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2002

본 연구는 최근 30년 (1971-2000) 최한월 (1월) 평균 기온 및 풍속, 일사량 자료를 토대로 산출한 겨울철 주.야간 바람냉각지수의 분포를 바탕으로 남한의 겨울철 생리 기후지역을 구분하였다. 그 결과. 겨울철 주.야간 바람냉각지수는 기온, 풍속, 일사량 등의 기후요소뿐 아니라 해발고도, 해륙풍, 지형, 해류 등의 기후인자의 영향을 받아 남한은 크게 5개의 생리기후지역으로 세분되었다: 주간 서늘-야간 추움 지역, 주간 쌀쌀-야간 추움 지역, 주간 쌀쌀-야간 매우추움 지역, 주.야간 모두 추움 지역, 주간 추움-야간 극도로 추움 지역, 특히, 남해안을 제외한 해안-도서지역은 계절풍 및 해륙풍의 영향으로 주간에는 싸늘함(Keen), 야간에는 매우 추움(Very Cold)의 체감도를 보였다. 또한, 해발고도가 높은 대관령 지역에서는 기온 감률 및 계절풍의 영향으로 주간에는 추움(Cold), 야간에는 극도로 추움(Extremely Cold)의 체감도를 보였다. 본 연구는 다양하게 나타나는 주야간 바람냉각지수의 분포를 바탕으로 남한의 겨울철 생리기후 지역을 구분함으로써 의복 및 건축 등의 단열에 관한 의사결정시 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.266-279
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the proteolysis trends and change in meat quality during 10 days of cold storage in duck M. pectoralis major (PM) and M. iliotibialis (IL). Duck IL had a higher pH and greater degree of lightness but lower cooking loss than PM (p<0.05). During the 10-day cold storage, the pH value of PM declined significantly (p<0.05), while the meat quality traits of IL were not affected by cold storage (p>0.05). In PM, the redness increased from day 1 to day 5, while cooking loss was lower on day 10 compared to day 5 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of cathepsin B and proteasome 20S during cold storage (p>0.05). The activity of calpains declined gradually during 10 days of storage (p<0.05), and the activity of calpains in PM was higher than that in IL (p<0.05). A total of 5,155 peptides were detected and derived from 34 proteins of duck PM muscle, whereas 4,222 peptides derived from 32 proteins were detected from duck IL muscle. Duck PM muscle was composed only of fast type of muscle fiber, whereas IL muscle was composed of both slow and fast types. The proteins responsible for glycolysis or myofibrillar proteins were closely related to changes in meat color or water-holding capacity during cold storage. These results suggest that changes in meat quality characteristics during cold storage are closely related to protein degradation, which is also related to the distribution of muscle fiber types.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2003

Seeds of burcucumber were treated with accelerated aging, cold-stratification, and light quality illuminated during desiccation to enhance their germination and seedling emergence. The germination was increased by aging and cold-stratification although the latter treatment showed greater effectiveness than the former one. In the combined treatment of aging 6 days at $45^{\circ}C$ and cold-stratification, the germination was promoted under longer period of cold-stratification to reach nearly 100% in 3 week cold-stratification on the ninth day from sowing. In the sequentially combined treatment of aging, cold-stratification, and light quality during 24 hour desiccation at $35^{\circ}C$, no-stratified seeds showed the highest rate in red light treatment but the lowest in far-red light. This implies that the phytochrome action run during the desiccation of imbibed seeds. The red light exposure during drying for the cold-stratified seeds after aging accelerated the germination even more than the dark treatment and germinated 100% on the next day of sowing. It is concluded that the sequential treatment of aging, cold-stratification, and red light illumination during desiccation can highly promote percentage and speed of burcucumber seed germination.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2013

In the specimen of free PSA in the low concentration, the result in % bias from our institution and comparable evaluation institution was -33.7% which is exceeded % bias ${\pm}20%$ ; however, it was the domestically allowable limit recommended by the laboratory accreditation commission for specimen at the low concentration. In this paper, the cause was accredited by instability of free PSA substance within the specimen, and the specimen stability test was performed according to CLSI documents GP29-A2. After the low and high concentration specimen were made, and rapidly cooled down in a deep freezer with $-30^{\circ}C$, serum of two concentrations was measured for 10 consecutive days with 3 times a day by Architect i2000 and observed a change in the mean value. As the results of two groups, there were changes in the established target value, and a change level was evaluated by calculating it with % bias. The low concentration specimen had no significant reduction until the 4 day lapse in cold storage. However, % bias were reduced by -17.5% from the 5 day lapse, by 21.5% after the 7 day lapse, and by -26.9% after the 9 day lapse. The frozen specimen had only intra-day variation for 10 days. In the high concentration specimen, bias began to show as -12.2% from the 3 day lapse in cold storage. There was reduction by -28.9% from the 5 day lapse, by -39% after the 7 day lapse, and by -42.9% after the 9 day lapse. In the frozen specimen, there was only intra-day variation like the low concentration specimen in cold storage.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.132-146
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 부산(Busan)에 설치된 자동기상관측망(AWS)과 국립수산과학원에서 관측하는 부산(Busan)과 기장(Gijang)지점의 해수면온도(SST)자료를 활용하여 부산(Busan)지역의 연안에서 발생하는 대규모 냉수대에 의해 형성된 차가워진 냉기가 도시기온에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 냉수대가 발생한 날(cold water)은 연안지역과 도심지역의 기온차가 약 $1^{\circ}C$이상 나타났으며, 냉수대가 발생하지 않은 날(non cold water)은 연안지역과 도심지역의 기온차가 약 $0.5^{\circ}C$로 냉수대가 발생한 날(cold water)보다 낮은 기온차를 보였다. 둘째, 주간의 경우 냉수대가 발생한 날(cold water)은 연안지역이 도심에 비해 약 $1^{\circ}C$ 정도 낮았다. 반면 냉수대가 발생하지 않은 날(non cold water)은 연안지역과 도심의 기온차가 약 $0.4^{\circ}C$로 냉수대가 발생한 날(cold water)에 비해 낮은 분포 차를 보였다. 반면 야간의 경우는 냉수대가 발생한 날(cold water)의 연안지역이 도심에 비해 약 $1.2^{\circ}C$, 냉수대가 발생하지 않은 날(non cold water)은 연안지역이 도심에 비해 약 $0.9^{\circ}C$ 낮았다. 야간의 기온은 주간의 기온에 비해 냉수대 발생 유 무에 상관없이 높은 기온차를 보였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1978

동계(冬季) 황해(黃海)에서 1961년(年)부터 1974년(年)까지 (1966년제외(年除外) 13년간(年間)의 열수지(熱收支)를 산출(算出)하고 이 기간(期間)동안 하계동지나해(夏季東支那海)에서의 황해(黃海) 냉수(冷水) 세력(勢力)과의 관계(關係)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. (1) 황해상(黃海上)의 일사량(日射量)은 동계중(冬季中) 12(月)이 가장 낮아 약 $160{\sim}190ly/day$이고, 1월(月)과 2월(月)로 갈수록 점차 증가(增加)하여 2월(月)에는 $250{\sim}260ly/day$로서 12월(月)에 비(比)하여 $79{\sim}90ly/day$가 컸다. 동계(冬季) 일사량(日射量)의 년별변화량(年別變化量)은 약 50 ly/day 이하(以下)인 것으로 나타났다. (2) 해면(海面)에서의 장파복사량(長波輻射量)이 유효일사량 보다 12월(月)에는 $30{\sim}70ly/day$, 1월(月)에는 $27{\sim}46ly/day$ 정도 크게 나타났으나, 2월(月)에는 반대(反對)로 $20{\sim}30ly/day 정도 작게 나타났다. (3) 일사량(日射量)에서 해면반사량(海面反射量)과 해면복사량(海面輻射量)을 뺀 값은 100 ly/day 이하(以下)이고, 12월(月)과 1월(月)에는 (-), 2월(月)에는 (+)로 나타나며, 3개월간(個月間)의 평균(平均)은 약 -20 ly/day정도이다. (4) 현열방출량(顯熱放出量)과 증발열량(蒸發熱量)을 합한 값은 1963년(年) 1월(月)이 최고(最高)였고 (882 ly/day), 1961년(年) 2월(月)이 최저(最低)였다.(471 ly/day). (5) 동계(冬季) 황해(黃海)에서 잃어버린 총열량(總熱量)은 1962년(年)이 평균(平均) 588 ly/day로서 최저(最低)이며, 1968년(年)에 716 ly/로서 최고(最高)였다. (6) 1971년(年) 8월(月)에 황해(黃海)와 동지나해(東支那海)의 표층수(表層水)는 여러 종류로 분류(分類)되나, 30m 이심(以深)에서는 수온(水溫)이 $6.4^{\circ}{\sim}13.2^{\circ}C$, 염분(鹽分)이 $33.17%_{\circ}$ 이상(以上)으로서 다같이 저온(低溫)의 성질(性質)을 띠고 있다. (7) 평균(平均) 수온분포도(水溫分布圖)에서 단위면적당(單位面積當) 적산수온(積算水溫)을 냉수지수(冷水指數) 50m층(層)의 지수(指數)를 수평지수(水平指數), $32^{\circ}N$의 20m 이심층(以深層)의 지수(指數)를 수직지수(垂直指數)라 하면, 1962년(年)의 경우 수평지수(水平指數)가 1.86, 수직지수(垂直指數)가 3.18로서 냉수지수(冷水指數)가 5.04였고, 1968년(年)의 경우에는 냉수지수(冷水指數)가 -3.21였다. (8) 냉수지수(冷水指數)에서 11월하순(月下旬)의 황해(黃海)의 수온(水溫)의 표준편차(標準偏差)를 뺀 값 C-T'w와 동계열수지(冬季熱收支)와의 관계(關係)는 $C-Tw'=32.06-0.049Q_T$이고, 그상 상관계수(相關係數)는 0.94이다. 또 수평지수(水平指數)에서 초기조건(初期條件)을 뺀값 $C_h-T'w/2$, 수직지수(垂直指數)에서 초기조건(初期條件)을 뺀 값 $C_v-T'w/2$와 열수지(熱收支)와의 관계(關係)는 $C_h-T'w/2=12.20-0.019Q_T$ $C_v-T'w/2=18.07-0.027Q_T$이고, 그 상관계수(相關係數)는 각각(各各) 0.90 및 0.97이다. 이 결과(結果)로서 동계(冬季) 황해(黃海)에서의 열수지(熱收支)와의 하계(夏季) 동지나해(東支那海)의 황해(黃海) 냉수세력(冷水勢力)과의 상관계수(相關係數)가 높음이 밝혀졌으므로, 동계열수지(冬季熱收支)를 계산(計算)하고, 11월(月) 하순(下旬)의 황해수온(黃海水溫)만 알면 하계(夏季) 황해(黃海)의 냉수세력(冷水勢力)을 예측(豫測)할 수 있어 어장(漁場) 선정에 많은 도움이 되리라고 생각된다.

• 대기
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2015

This study explores the synoptic characteristics of cold days over South Korea and their relationship with large-scale climate variability. The cold day, which is different from cold surge, is defined when daily-mean surface air temperature, averaged over 11 KMA stations, is colder than 1-percentile temperature in each year by considering its long-term trend over 1960~2012. Such event is detected by quantile regression and the related synoptic patterns are identified in reanalysis data. Composite geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa show that cold days are often preceded by positive anomalies in high latitudes and negative anomalies in midlatitudes on the west of Korea. While the formers are quasi-stationary and quasi-barotropic, and often qualified as blocking highs, the latters are associated with transient cyclones. At cold days, the north-south dipole in geopotential height anomalies becomes west-east dipole in the lower troposphere as high-latitude anticyclone expands equatorward to the Northern China and mid-latitude cyclone moves eastward and rapidly develops over the East Sea. The resulting northerlies cause cold days in Korea. By performing composite analyses of large-scale climate indices, it is further found that the occurrence of these cold days are preferable when the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase and/or East Asian monsoon circulation and Siberian high are anomalously strong.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.421-424
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• 2005

Discusses the results of an investigation of the relationship between maturity in field-cured specimens and that from the thinner dimension structure to thick, particularly at cold weather concrete. Tests were carried out on two different concrete mixes with 28 day compressive strengths ranging approximately 30MPa. Ready-mixed concrete was used, and test specimens were the conventional field-cured 10$\times$20cm concrete cylinder with insulating materials and without them, and test structures were the thinner(width 20cm), the general(width 40cm), the thick dimension(width 60cm), respectively. Tests were performed at age of 3, 7, 14, 28 day. Analyses of test results show that the maturity of concrete for require compressive strength was suggested to be keep higher than $164D^{circ}D$ until at least from 8day to 10day