DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Synoptic Characteristics of Cold Days over South Korea and Their Relationship with Large-Scale Climate Variability

한반도 혹한 발생시 종관장 특성과 대규모 기후 변동성 간의 연관성

  • Yoo, Yeong-Eun (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Seok-Woo (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyeong-Seog (Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Jeong, Jee-Hoon (Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University)
  • 유영은 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부) ;
  • 손석우 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부) ;
  • 김형석 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술융합학과) ;
  • 정지훈 (전남대학교 지구환경과학부)
  • Received : 2015.03.10
  • Accepted : 2015.05.18
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

This study explores the synoptic characteristics of cold days over South Korea and their relationship with large-scale climate variability. The cold day, which is different from cold surge, is defined when daily-mean surface air temperature, averaged over 11 KMA stations, is colder than 1-percentile temperature in each year by considering its long-term trend over 1960~2012. Such event is detected by quantile regression and the related synoptic patterns are identified in reanalysis data. Composite geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa show that cold days are often preceded by positive anomalies in high latitudes and negative anomalies in midlatitudes on the west of Korea. While the formers are quasi-stationary and quasi-barotropic, and often qualified as blocking highs, the latters are associated with transient cyclones. At cold days, the north-south dipole in geopotential height anomalies becomes west-east dipole in the lower troposphere as high-latitude anticyclone expands equatorward to the Northern China and mid-latitude cyclone moves eastward and rapidly develops over the East Sea. The resulting northerlies cause cold days in Korea. By performing composite analyses of large-scale climate indices, it is further found that the occurrence of these cold days are preferable when the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase and/or East Asian monsoon circulation and Siberian high are anomalously strong.

Keywords

References

  1. Barnston, A. G., and R. E. Livezey, 1987: Classification, seasonality and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115(6), 1083-1126. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2
  2. Chen, T.-C., W.-R. Huang, and J.-h. Yoon, 2004: Interannual variation of the East Asian cold surge activity. J. Climate, 17, 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0401:IVOTEA>2.0.CO;2
  3. Dole, R. M., and N. D. Gordon, 1983: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation: Geographical distribution and regional persistence characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1567-1586. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<1567:PAOTEN>2.0.CO;2
  4. Dunn-Sigouin, E., and S. W. Son, 2013: Northern Hemisphere blocking frequency and duration in the CMIP5 models. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 118, 1179-1188. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50143
  5. Enfield, D. B., A. M. Mestas-Nunez, and P. J. Trimble, 2001: The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U. S. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(10), 2077-2080. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012745
  6. Enfield, D. B., A. M. Mestas-Nunez, D. A. Mayer, and L. Cid-Cerrano, 1999: How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures?. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7841-7848. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900109
  7. Franzke, C., 2013: A novel method to test for significant trends in extreme values in serially dependent time series. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1391-1395. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50301
  8. Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, J. Glascoe, and M. Sato, 1999: GISS analysis of surface temperature change. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30997-31022. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900835
  9. Heo, I. H., and S. H. Lee, 2006: Changes of unusual temperature events and their controlling factors in Korea. J. Korean Geogr. Soc., 41, 94-105.
  10. Im, E. S., and J. B. Ahn, 2004: Analysis of relationship between Korean winter temperature variability and global circulation indices. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 441-452.
  11. Jeong, J.-H., and C.-H. Ho, 2005: Changes in occurrence of cold surges over East Asia in association with Arctic Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14704.
  12. Jeong, J.-H., C.-H. Ho, B.-M. Kim, and W.-T. Kwon, 2005: Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on wintertime surface air temperature and cold surges in East Asia. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D11104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005408
  13. Jeong, J.-H., B. M. Kim, C. H. Ho, D. Chen, and G. H. Lim, 2006: Stratospheric origin of cold surge occurrence in East Asia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14710. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026607
  14. Jhun, J. G., and E. J. Lee, 2004: A new East Asian winter monsoon index and associated characteristics of the winter monsoon. J. Climate, 17, 711-726. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0711:ANEAWM>2.0.CO;2
  15. Joung, C.-H., and H. R. Byun, 1987: A case study of global circulation of the atmosphere during a cold surge in East Aisa. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 23-33.
  16. Kim, B.-M., J.-H. Jeong, and S.-J. Kim, 2009: Investigation of stratospheric precursor for the cold surge event using potential vorticity inversion technique. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 513-522.
  17. Kim, S.-W., K.-H. Song,, S.-Y. Kim, S.-W. Son, and C. Franzke, 2014: Linear and nonlinear trends of extreme temperatures in Korea. Atmosphere, 24, 379-390 (in Korean with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2014.24.3.379
  18. Koenker, R., and K. Hallock, 2001: Quantile regression: An introduction. J. Econ. Perspect., 15, 43-56. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.4.43
  19. Lim, G.-H., 1995: Spatial and temporal evolution of the tropospheric upper and lower level winds during the cold surge periods in East Asia. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 373-392.
  20. Onogi, K., and Coauthors, 2007: The JRA-25 Reanalysis. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85, 369-432. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.85.369
  21. Panagiotopoulos, F., M. Shahgedanova, A. Hannachi, and D. B. Stephenson, 2005: Observed trends and teleconnections of the Siberian High: A recently declining center of action. J. Climate., 18, 1411-1422. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3352.1
  22. Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, and S. Yang, 2011: Relationship between the Arctic Oscillation and cold surges over East Asia. J. Climate, 24, 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3529.1
  23. Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, and Y. Deng, 2014: A synoptic and dynamical characterization of wave-train and blocking cold surge over East Asia. Clim. Dynam., 43, 753-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1817-6
  24. Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, S. Yang, and J.-H. Jeong, 2010: Influences of arctic oscillation and Madden-Julian Oscillation on cold surges and heavy snowfalls over Korea: A case study for the winter of 2009-2010. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23122. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014794
  25. Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, J.-H. Jeong, J.-W. Heo, and Y. Deng, 2015: A New Dynamical Index for Classification of Cold Surge Types over East Asia. Clim. Dynam., doi: 10.1007/s00382-015-2483-7.
  26. Park, T.-W., C.-H. Ho, S.-J. Jeong, Y.-S. Choi, S. K. Park, and C. K. Song, 2011: Different characteristics of cold day and cold surge frequency over East Asia in a global warming situation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015369
  27. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Nino. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0354:VITSST>2.0.CO;2
  28. Ryoo, S.-B., W.-T. Kwon, and J.-G. Jhun, 2005: Surface and upper-level features associated with wintertime cold surge outbreaks in South Korea. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 22, 509-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02918484
  29. Thompson, D. W., and J. M. Wallace, 2000: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: monthto-month $variability^{\ast}$. J. Climate, 13, 1000-1016. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1000:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2
  30. Tibaldi, S., and F. Molteni, 1990: On the operational predictability of blocking. Tellus A, 42, 343-365. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.t01-2-00003.x
  31. Wang, C., and D. B. Enfield, 2001: The tropical Western Hemisphere warm pool. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1635-1638. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011763
  32. Wolter, K., and M. S. Timlin, 1998: Measuring the strength of ENSO - how does 1997/98 rank? Weather, 53, 315-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1998.tb06408.x
  33. Woo, S.-H., B.-M., Kim, J.-H. Jeong, S.-J. Kim, and G.-H. Lim, 2012: Decadal changes in surface air temperature variability and cold surge characteristics over northeast Asia and their relation with the Arctic Oscillation for the past three decades (1979-2011). J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18117.
  34. Zhang, Y., J. M. Wallace, and D. S. Battisti, 1997: ENSOlike interdecadal variability: 1900-93. J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1004:ELIV>2.0.CO;2

Cited by

  1. Relationship between the East-Asian Cold Anomalies in Winter of 2010/11 and Blocking vol.26, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2016.26.1.193
  2. The Effects of Spring and Winter Blocking on PM10 Concentration in Korea vol.10, pp.7, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10070410