Changes of biological components in haemolymph of Helicoverpa assulta Guenee were investigated during the development and pupae of cold-stress periods. Protein content was the highest in the larval stage, whereas it showed somewhat lower level at the cold-stressed pupae. The level of free amino acids was high in the larval and adult stages. Althougth decresed in pupal stage, the level of free amino acid remarkably increased at the cold-stressed pupae. Total lipids were a little increased at the pupal stage, after small quantity decreased in I-day old adults, and then remarkably decreased at the cold-stressed pupae. Glycogen was increased at the pupal stage, and somewhat decreased in the stage of adult, but remarkably decreased at the cold-stressed pupae. From thin layer chromatographic analysis, glucose was detected in small quantity at 1-day old pupae, one-day old adults, and cold-stressed pupae, respectively. Each .activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases was the highest in the 1 and 7-day old pupae, respectively, and both enzyme activities were increased about two-fold compared to the activity in the cold-stressed pupae. A total of 2 phosphatase isozymes were observed in throughout the developmental stage, and a new isozyme specific to cold-stressed pupae was identified.
Choi, Jun Seong;Jung, Chul Ho;Lee, Chan Hee;Lim, in su
International Journal of Highway Engineering
/
v.19
no.2
/
pp.67-74
/
2017
PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to ascertain the curing period of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer, using mechanical analyses and specimen quality tests on the field. METHODS : Cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer mixture was produced in the plant from reclaimed asphalt, natural aggregate, filler for the cold mix, and the modified emulsion AP using asphalt mix design and plant mix design. In order to examine the applicability of the curing period during the field test, the international standards for the possibility of core extraction and the degree of compaction and LFWD deflection were analyzed. Moreover, Marshall stability test, porosity test, and indirect tensile strength test were performed on the specimens of asphalt mix and plant mix design. RESULTS : The plant production process and compaction method of cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer were established, and the applicability of the optical moisture content for producing the mixture was verified through the field test. In addition, it was determined that the core extraction method of the conventional international curing standard was insufficient to ensure performance, and the LFWD test demonstrated that the deflection converges after a two-day curing. However, the back-calculation analysis reveals that a three-day curing is satisfactory, resulting in a general level of performance of dense asphalt base-layer. Moreover, from the result of the specimen quality test of the asphalt mix design and plant mix design according to the curing period, it was determined that the qualities satisfied both domestic and international standards, after a two-day curing. However, it was determined that the strength and stiffness after three-day curing are higher than those after a two-day curing by approximately 3.5 % and 20 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:A three-day curing period is proposed for the cementless cold central plant recycled asphalt base-layer; this curing period can be demonstrated to retain the modulus of asphalt-base layer in the field and ensure stable quality characteristics.
This study classified wintertime bioclimatic zones of South Korea based on daytime and nighttime distribution of wind chill index calculated from climate data during the coldest month for latest 30 years (1971- 2000). The results show that the winter daytime and nighttime wind chill index were influenced by climatic factors such as elevation, land-sea breeze, topology, and sea currents etc. as well as climatic components such as temperature, wind speed, and sunshine, so that South Korea was divided into five bioclimatic zones; Cool day- cold night zone, Keen day- Cold night zone, Keen day-Very Cold night zone, Cold day and night zone, and Cold day-Extremely Cold night zone. Especially, coasts and island areas, except for south coast of Korea, shows Keen bioclimatic response during daytime and Very Cold bioclimatic response during nighttime. This indicates that coasts and island areas, except for south coast of Korea are affected by moonson and land-sea breeze. In addition, highly elevated Daegwallyeong shows Cold bioclimatic response during daytime and Extremely Cold during nighttime due to the influence of adiabatic temperature lapse rate and monsoon. This study offers basic data necessary to make decisions concerning insulation such as clothing and architect etc. by classifying winter bioclimatic zones of South Korea based on various daytime and nighttime distribution of wind chill.
This study was conducted to evaluate the proteolysis trends and change in meat quality during 10 days of cold storage in duck M. pectoralis major (PM) and M. iliotibialis (IL). Duck IL had a higher pH and greater degree of lightness but lower cooking loss than PM (p<0.05). During the 10-day cold storage, the pH value of PM declined significantly (p<0.05), while the meat quality traits of IL were not affected by cold storage (p>0.05). In PM, the redness increased from day 1 to day 5, while cooking loss was lower on day 10 compared to day 5 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of cathepsin B and proteasome 20S during cold storage (p>0.05). The activity of calpains declined gradually during 10 days of storage (p<0.05), and the activity of calpains in PM was higher than that in IL (p<0.05). A total of 5,155 peptides were detected and derived from 34 proteins of duck PM muscle, whereas 4,222 peptides derived from 32 proteins were detected from duck IL muscle. Duck PM muscle was composed only of fast type of muscle fiber, whereas IL muscle was composed of both slow and fast types. The proteins responsible for glycolysis or myofibrillar proteins were closely related to changes in meat color or water-holding capacity during cold storage. These results suggest that changes in meat quality characteristics during cold storage are closely related to protein degradation, which is also related to the distribution of muscle fiber types.
Seeds of burcucumber were treated with accelerated aging, cold-stratification, and light quality illuminated during desiccation to enhance their germination and seedling emergence. The germination was increased by aging and cold-stratification although the latter treatment showed greater effectiveness than the former one. In the combined treatment of aging 6 days at $45^{\circ}C$ and cold-stratification, the germination was promoted under longer period of cold-stratification to reach nearly 100% in 3 week cold-stratification on the ninth day from sowing. In the sequentially combined treatment of aging, cold-stratification, and light quality during 24 hour desiccation at $35^{\circ}C$, no-stratified seeds showed the highest rate in red light treatment but the lowest in far-red light. This implies that the phytochrome action run during the desiccation of imbibed seeds. The red light exposure during drying for the cold-stratified seeds after aging accelerated the germination even more than the dark treatment and germinated 100% on the next day of sowing. It is concluded that the sequential treatment of aging, cold-stratification, and red light illumination during desiccation can highly promote percentage and speed of burcucumber seed germination.
In the specimen of free PSA in the low concentration, the result in % bias from our institution and comparable evaluation institution was -33.7% which is exceeded % bias ${\pm}20%$ ; however, it was the domestically allowable limit recommended by the laboratory accreditation commission for specimen at the low concentration. In this paper, the cause was accredited by instability of free PSA substance within the specimen, and the specimen stability test was performed according to CLSI documents GP29-A2. After the low and high concentration specimen were made, and rapidly cooled down in a deep freezer with $-30^{\circ}C$, serum of two concentrations was measured for 10 consecutive days with 3 times a day by Architect i2000 and observed a change in the mean value. As the results of two groups, there were changes in the established target value, and a change level was evaluated by calculating it with % bias. The low concentration specimen had no significant reduction until the 4 day lapse in cold storage. However, % bias were reduced by -17.5% from the 5 day lapse, by 21.5% after the 7 day lapse, and by -26.9% after the 9 day lapse. The frozen specimen had only intra-day variation for 10 days. In the high concentration specimen, bias began to show as -12.2% from the 3 day lapse in cold storage. There was reduction by -28.9% from the 5 day lapse, by -39% after the 7 day lapse, and by -42.9% after the 9 day lapse. In the frozen specimen, there was only intra-day variation like the low concentration specimen in cold storage.
Park, Myung-Hee;Lee, Joon-Soo;Ahn, Ji-Suk;Suh, Young-Sang;Han, In-Seong;Kim, Hae-Dong;Bae, Hun-Kyun
Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
/
v.17
no.3
/
pp.132-146
/
2014
The effects of the cold air generated from large cold water mass at the coastal area on observed air temperature in Busan were investigated using AWS(Automatic Weather Station) data at the Busan area operated by Korea Meterological Administration and SST(Sea Surface Temperature) data at the Gijang and Busan area operated by Korean National Fisheries Research Development Institute. First, the temperature difference between the coastal area and the city area was about $1^{\circ}C$ during cold water mass day while it was about $0.5^{\circ}C$ if cold water mass was not appeared. Second, for day time, the temperature at the coastal area was about $1^{\circ}C$ lower than that at the city area during cold water mass day, but the difference was only about $0.4^{\circ}C$ without cold water mass. On the other hand, for night time, the temperature at the coastal area was about $1.2^{\circ}C$ lower than that at the city area during cold water mass day and the difference was about $0.9^{\circ}C$ without cold water mass. As a result, temperature differences at night time were higher than those at day time whether or not cold water mass appeared. The reason for higher temperature at night time might be the urban heat island phenomenon.
Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.1-14
/
1978
To study the fluctuation of cold water in the East China Sea in summer heat budget of the Yellow Sea in winter was analysed based on the oceanographic and meteorological data compiled from 1951 to 1974. The maintain value of insolation was observed in December($160{\sim}190ly/day$), while the maximum in February ($250{\sim}260ly/day$). The range of the annual variation was found to be less than 50 ly/day. The value of the radiation term ($Q_s-Q_r-Q_h$) was remarkably small (mean 20 ly/day) in winter. It was negative value in December and January, and a positive value in February. The minimum total heat exchange from the sea ($Q_({h+c}$) was found value (471 ly/day) in February 1962, and the maximum (882 ly/day) in January 1963. The annual total heat exchange was minimum (588 ly/day) in 1962, and maximum (716 ly/day) in 1968. If the average deviation of mean water temperature at 50m depth layer were assumed to be the horizontal index ($C_h$) of colder water, $C_h$ is $C_h=\frac{{\Sigma}\limit_i\;A_i\;T_i}{{\Sigma}\limit_i\;A_i}$ where $A_i$ denotes the area of isothermal region and $T_i$ the value of deviation from mean sea water temperature. The vertical index ($C_v$) of cold water can be expressed similarly. Consequently the total index (C) of cold water equals to the sum of the two components, i.e. $C=C_h$+$C_v$. Taking the deviation of mean sea surface temperature(T'w) in the third ten-day of Novembers in the Yellow Sea as the value of the initial condition, the following expressions are deduced : $C-T'w=32.06 - 0.049$$\;Q_T$$C_h-T'w/2=12.20-0.019\;Q_T$$C_v-T'w/2=18.07-0.027\;Q_T$ where $Q_T$ denotes the total heat exchange of the sea. The correlation coefficients of these regression equations were found to be greater than 0.9. Heat budget was 588 ly/day in winter, and minimum water temperature of cold water was $18^{\circ}C$ in summer of 1962. The isotherm of $23^{\circ}C$ extended narrowly to southward up to $29^{\circ}N$ in summer. However, heat budget was 716 ly/day, and minimum water temperature of cold water was $12^{\circ}C$ in summer of 1968. The isotherm of $23^{\circ}C$ extended widely to southward up to $28^{\circ}30'N$ in summer. As a result of the present study, it may be concluded that the fluctuation of cold water of the East China Sea in summer can be predicted by the calculation of heat budget of the Yellow Sea in winter.
This study explores the synoptic characteristics of cold days over South Korea and their relationship with large-scale climate variability. The cold day, which is different from cold surge, is defined when daily-mean surface air temperature, averaged over 11 KMA stations, is colder than 1-percentile temperature in each year by considering its long-term trend over 1960~2012. Such event is detected by quantile regression and the related synoptic patterns are identified in reanalysis data. Composite geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa show that cold days are often preceded by positive anomalies in high latitudes and negative anomalies in midlatitudes on the west of Korea. While the formers are quasi-stationary and quasi-barotropic, and often qualified as blocking highs, the latters are associated with transient cyclones. At cold days, the north-south dipole in geopotential height anomalies becomes west-east dipole in the lower troposphere as high-latitude anticyclone expands equatorward to the Northern China and mid-latitude cyclone moves eastward and rapidly develops over the East Sea. The resulting northerlies cause cold days in Korea. By performing composite analyses of large-scale climate indices, it is further found that the occurrence of these cold days are preferable when the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase and/or East Asian monsoon circulation and Siberian high are anomalously strong.
Kim, Meyong-Won;Park, Kwang-Su;Cho, Young-Kweon;Lee, Joon-Gu;Kim, Kwan-Ho
Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
/
2005.05b
/
pp.421-424
/
2005
Discusses the results of an investigation of the relationship between maturity in field-cured specimens and that from the thinner dimension structure to thick, particularly at cold weather concrete. Tests were carried out on two different concrete mixes with 28 day compressive strengths ranging approximately 30MPa. Ready-mixed concrete was used, and test specimens were the conventional field-cured 10$\times$20cm concrete cylinder with insulating materials and without them, and test structures were the thinner(width 20cm), the general(width 40cm), the thick dimension(width 60cm), respectively. Tests were performed at age of 3, 7, 14, 28 day. Analyses of test results show that the maturity of concrete for require compressive strength was suggested to be keep higher than $164D^{circ}D$ until at least from 8day to 10day
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.