• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.636-652
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to have an in-depth understanding of the structure and essence of the living experiences of unmarried mothers institutionalized after childbirth through phenomenological research. Methods: The data were collected through in-depth interview with 9 unmarried mothers from October 1, 2016 to February 2017 and this is qualitative research using Colazzi's phenomenological research method. Results: The living experiences of unmarried mothers institutionalized after childbirth had 15 themes in 4 theme clusters: 'childbirth and parenting,' 'living in women's refuge,' 'becoming independent as proud mother,' and 'disentangled thread.' Conclusion: After childbirth, unmarried mothers experienced psychological pressure from the need to cope with lonely and wearing reality by themselves but struggled to overcome the reality together with their child. Unmarried mothers hoped to live the life they chose proudly and happily together with their child. It is therefore necessary to give residential and environmental support to unmarried mothers in pursuit of their stable living and to change the awareness in the whole society with the aim of removing negative social attitude and discrimination, accepting differences, and living together.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.373-393
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• 2006

This study aimed at understanding the experience in deciding for childcare of unmarried lone mother and searching for intervention methods through in-depth examination of the essence of the experience. To achieve this, the Colazzi analysis of phenomenological research was applied. The subjects of study were 7 unmarried lone mothers in early age of the twenties and thirties, who resided in an institution for unmarried lone mothers. An in-depth interview was held individually with them with question of "What is the experience in deciding for childcare as a unmarried lone mother" twice on the average from Nov. 2003 to Feb. 2005. The results found that a unmarried lone mothers' experience in childcare meant 'resurrection' through analyzing 22 themes and 7 theme clusters(confusion due to pregnancy, harsh feeling for reality suffering alone, feeling of love for a baby, mental conflict about childcare, decision toward childcare, firm in decision, hope for resurrection). Although the results of this study have the limitation of generalization due to phenomenological study, it will contribute to accepting and understanding mother-and-child families as one type of family rather than regarding them as being difficult or alienated in family and society, to recognizing the need of taking back their rights, and to suggesting intervention methods for unmarried lone mothers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.657-668
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to give a deep understanding of the structure and essence of the living experiences for unmarried mothers before childbirth and before pregnancy. As results, the theme 'days stained with wounds' reveals the living experience that they were abandoned or not protected by parents due to broken family relationships and function. In the theme 'daily life at stake', to drop out of school and running away from home led them to precarious life. And also they were early exposed to sexual intercourse due to indiscriminate sexual culture and poor sex awareness. The theme 'embarrassing pregnancy' shows that unmarried mothers got pregnant caused by their partners'refusal to practice contraception, their incorrect knowledge of the contraception, and the use of incorrect contraceptive methods. In the final theme 'childbirth decided on with difficulty', even if unmarried mothers had no choice in childbirth because they noticed their pregnancy too late, they rejected abortion and decided to give birth as they realize preciousness of life. Based on the results of this study, the necessity of implementing sex education to provide accurate contraceptive knowledge and methods for male, as well as strengthening sex education for unmarried mothers was discussed. With the help of information technology.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.181-192
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• 2020

The present study comprehensively explored the experiences of cognitive decline and of overcoming such decline in climacteric women to gain a deeper understanding of these women's cognitive health issues. Fourteen climacteric women were recruited, and data were collected through in-depth qualitative interviews. The collected data were analyzed using phenomenological methods suggested by Colliazzi. The quality of the present study was further improved according to the evaluative criteria for rigor suggested by Lincoln and Guba. The interviews resulted in 210 statements, 43 significant statements, 17 themes, and 5 theme clusters. The theme clusters were "loss of memory and distraction in everyday life," "struggle to overcome," "greeting an inevitable guest," "conforming to life changes," and "dreams of the past and future plans." As they experienced menopause, the participating women experienced decline in memory and concentration, as well as problems communicating. Climacteric women experienced cognitive decline during menopause and made significant efforts to overcome it; therefore, effective programs that promote cognitive function and adaptation should be provided for climacteric women.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.501-513
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of caring parents-in-law in Korea among daughters-in-law who are currently caring their parents-in-law while living with them, or have experienced such care-giving, and who have been married for at least 5 years. Daughters-in-law this study deals with are from three countries: Korean women, Chinese and Japanese women who immigrated to Korea by getting married with Korean husbands. To find out those women who can express their experiences clearly, this study used an intentional sampling method where this study asked the Multicultural Family Support Center to recommend five Chinese and five Japanese housewives who matched the following qualifications: those who have experiences of caring their parents-in-law at home, who have lived in Korea for at least five years, and who had no difficulty in expressing their opinions in Korean language. Korean married women were recommended by the neighbors. This study conducted in-depth interviews to those 15 housewives from Korea, china, and Japan. Before doing the interview, this study gave explanation of the contents and aims of this study to those interview participants over phone, and got the written consent from each of the women. To analyze the interview data, Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used. The emergent themes identified in the findings were as follows: 'positive perception of traditional nature of filial duty', 'help and encouragement by those who are nearby', 'exhausting marriage life', 'Korean family culture that is hard to adapt to', and 'unreasonable male-focused patriarchal culture.'

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.631-637
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• 2013

This study was an attempt to understand difficulties of health behaviors of the Migrant inter-marriage women and to describe the meaning of their experiences. The research data of difficulties of health behaviors of the Migrant inter-marriage women were collected in 2010 from April to May by using in-depth interviewing and observation method. Data from interviews and participant observations were analyzed according to Colaizzi's method. The findings shows that the central phenomenon for difficulties of health behaviors of the Migrant inter-marriage women are lack of health information, suffer through cultural differences, uncomfortable for using the health care centers and ends in the feeling of loneliness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1208-1220
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to describe the differences in three phenomenological research methods used to understand the experience of families of patients with cancer and so provide as guideline to novices first attempting qualitative research. The subjects were 3 family members - spouse, daughter, daughter-in-law -of cancer patients at S-hospital. Unstructured deep interviews were carried out and taped for further analyzed. Interviews were analyzed using three phenomenological methods ; Giorgi's, Colazzi's, and Van Kaam's. The results are as follows. : The experience of family the analyzed using Giorgi's method showed different characteristics according to the family members' role. According to Colaizzi's method, they experienced burden, a willingness to care, role conflict, thanks to family and significant others, and ambivalence about treatment. Using Van Kaam's methodology, two categories were identified ; change of family function and burden. Themes in change of family function were positive attitude(9), role conflict(6), negative attitude(5), active attitude(2), and passive attitude(2) ; Themes in burden were emotional burden, physical burden, and economic burden. The result from using Giorgi's method were centered or individual characteristics and these results constituteds situational structured description and a general structured description. From Colaizzi's method the focus was on the common experience of all fo the subjects. In Van Kaam's method, subthemes (13), themes(8), and categories(2) were identified. So researchers should choose the qualitative method according to their research goals and methodological characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.161-172
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the experience of the mother-daughter relationship among middle-aged women in depth through the process of admission to nursing home facilities of their dementia mother. For the purpose, 8 middle-aged women whose dementia mothers were admitted to nursing care facilities were selected as research subject, and data collection was carried out through individual interviews. As a result of this research based on the phenomenological method of Colazzi, 3 categories, 6 sub-categories, and 17 subject bundles were derived. Research results can be summarized as follows: First, the mother-daughter relationship was dramatically reversed in the process of mother's admission to the nursing care facilities. Second, in the process of dementia mother's admission to the nursing care facilities, it was confirmed that daughters rather than sons were in an independent position regarding care and management. Third, in the process of dementia mother's admission to the nursing care facilities, it turned out that the entire family experiences depression, anxiety, and feeling of loss due to a sudden change in mother-daughter relationship as well as further transformation in family relationship, suggesting that there is a need to operate education or consultation programs for the family members to help them accommodate and deal with the sudden change.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.294-307
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to find out how married women who had had an abortions experience a change through Family Constellation. The consequent changes will occur in the perception of an abortion experience and in the relation between married women themselves and their family. The participants in the study were 9 married women aged 40~60 who have experienced an abortion, and data collection was carried out over 3 periods which were before, right after and one month after the Family Constellation experience through individual in-depth interviews. The chief methodology of this study is based on the one by Colaizzi's phenomenological research, and by using the methodology to analyze the data 15 theme collections and 3 categories were deducted. According to the result of the analysis, the experience of abortion was having negative influence on the whole spectrum of the life of married women who experienced an abortion even though they did not consciously recall the relevant experiences. In the married women's Family Constellation, the agent visualizes the restrained relation which is hidden in unconsciousness and thereby offers an opportunity for married women to untie "knot". Moreover through this opportunity, married women are able to have new perception of their abortion experience and the relation between their family. Furthermore, not only will they be able to recover the relationship with their family, but also emotional stability.