• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.38-56
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• 1997

A great deal of attention has been paid to the quality of life in citizens due to the increased number of long term life expectancy. reported as effective in the health promotion of the senior citizens. In this study, the principal investigator developed an exercise program for the senior citizens, which could be educated and managed by nursing staff. This kind approach may support the need of exercise program on regular base via the social organization, which may mean the intentional change of life style. The exercise program consisted of exercise, health education, and a direct the population of the senior A regularexercise has been nursing care. A quasi -experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of excercise program on health of the elderly in senior citizen's center. Independent variable was a 9 weeks exercise program. Dependent variables were: 1) physical health [e.g. physical fitness(cardiopulmonary endurance, back muscle strength, grip strength, muscular tolerance, flexibility and body fat proportion), physiologic parameters(blood pressure, pulse, respiration. and blood glucose), and perceived physical health status; 2) mental health measured by depression score; and 3) cognitive perception of exercise measured by usefulness and self-efficacy. A total of 37 subjects was randomly assigned into either the control group (without the exercise program: n=18) or the intervention group(with the exercise program: n=19). The results of the study analyzed using a SAS, were as follows: 1) In physical fitness of physical health, there was a significant improvement in cardiopulmonary tolerance. back muscle strength. muscular tolerance and flexibility in the intervention group, compared to the control group, while no difference in grip strength and body fat proportion. The exercise program resulted in decreases in blood pressure, pulse, respiration and blood glucose within normal range and improvement of perceived physical health status in the intervention group. 2) There was a slight increase of mental health(depression score) in the intervention group compared to the control group. but without statistical significance. 3) There was a significant improvement in cognitive perception of exercise(e.g. usefulness and self -efficacy) in the intervention group, compared to the control group. It was concluded that the exercise program employed in this study was appropriate for women senior citizens and had a positive effect on health in general.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2007

This study explores children's categories of emotion understanding from facial expressions onto two dimensional structure of emotion. Children of 89 from 3 to 5 years old were required to those facial expressions related the fourteen emotion terms. Facial expressions applied for experiment are used the photographs rated the degree of expression in each of the two dimensions (pleasure-displeasure dimension and arousal-sleep dimension) on a nine-point scale from 54 university students. The experimental results showed that children indicated the greater stability in arousal dimension than stability in pleasure-displeasure dimension. Emotions about sadness, sleepiness, anger and surprise onto two dimensions was understand very well, but emotions about fear, boredom were showed instability in pleasure-displeasure dimension. Specifically, 3 years old children indicated highly the perception in a degree of arousal-sleep than perception of pleasure-displeasure.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-48
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• 2018

Although the concept of "common sense" is often taken for granted, judging whether behavior or knowledge is common sense requires a complex series of mental processes. Additionally, different perceptions of common sense can lead to social conflicts. Thus, it is important to understand how we perceive common sense and make relevant judgments. The present study investigated the dynamics of neural representations underlying judgments of what common sense is. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants indicated the extent to which they thought that a given sentence corresponded to common sense under the given perspective. We incorporated two different decision contexts involving different cultural perspectives to account for social variability of the judgments, an important feature of common sense judgments apart from logical true/false judgments. Our findings demonstrated that common sense versus non-common sense perceptions involve the amygdala and a brain network for episodic memory recollection, including the hippocampus, angular gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, suggesting integrated affective, mnemonic, and social functioning in common sense processing. Furthermore, functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis revealed that interactivity among the amygdala, angular gyrus, and parahippocampal cortex reflected representational features of common sense perception and not those of non-common sense perception. Our study demonstrated that the social memory network is exclusively involved in processing common sense and not non-common sense. These results suggest that intergroup exclusion and misunderstanding can be reduced by experiencing and encoding long-term social memories about behavioral norms and knowledge that act as common sense of the outgroup.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

Despite dynamical retinal image changes caused by pursuit eye movements, we usually perceive the stable spatial properties of the environment suite successfully Helmholtz and his followers have suggested that the visual system coordinates the retinal and extraretinal eye position information to represent the spatial properties of the environment. However. there have been a significant amount of researches showing that this kind of mechanism may not operate perfectly, and the pursuit eye movement employed in those researches were limited to conjugate eye movements. When an observer tracks an object moving away from the observer with his/her eyes. the two eyes rotate in opposite direction. and this kind of disjunctive eye movement may produce undesirable binocular disparities for the objects in the background. The present study examined whether the visual system compensated for the undesirable binocular disparities caused by disjunctive eye movements with extraretinal eye position information. Although the target object was presented frontoparellely to the subjects. the subjects reported that the object was slanted toward (or alway from) them in consistent with the undesirable binocular disparities produced by the disjunctive eye movements. These results imply that the visual system may not perfectly compensate for the undesirable binocular disparities with extraretinal eye position information.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 2014

It has been suggested that primates' trichromatic color vision is an adaption for folivory and frugivory. Ripened fruit frequently is red against a green background. Given this, the question for our research was whether the ecological relationship between red and green plays any role in figure-ground organization that is an essential step in forming our perception of objects? In this study, it was tested which color looked most strong as a figure, using a red circle on a green background and a green circle on red background. The results of Experiment 1 showed that most participants saw the red circle for the figure more than the green circle. However, this effect was significant only in females, but not in males. Accordingly, this result suggests that the visual development of figure-ground organization based on red-green color combination may differ between males and females. In Experiment 2, it was surveyed that the results of Experiment 1 was simply not by the sex difference of color preference. The gender difference of the figure-ground organization on red-green stimuli are discussed in terms of some recent hypotheses such as gatherer-hunter hypothesis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5683-5694
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• 2015

In architecture, Sensibility is the most basic thing in the environmental cognition. Emotion is the phychological or cognitive phenomenon of sensory changes. A cross-causal relationship is formed between the two, and they have a consensus in contact with humans and environment. Sensibility ever to serve as bundle and cognize as mutual superposition. Humans unconsciously perceive through the synesthesia that integrated all the senses. In this study, it has been identified as a result of the study, the architectural design through the sense must be design to the multisensory experience of the emotional design. Depending on the times change, it can know that the gradual changes based on the anthropocentric sense and sensibility. Emotional design in architecture shall ensure that a variety of experience through the multisensory. In this emotional design, multisensory design (or various sensory function) -visual & tactory or visual & auditory etc.- is required beyond the limitation of conventional visual concenturated. Therefore, In order to achieve the demands of the modern social objectives of sympathy or empathy for the human-centered design sensibility, the visual perception as well as a variety of sensory must be recognized that a combination of cognitive and functional. And the application of multisensory design is required to aim the synesthesia cognition.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2005

Purpose: this study was to compare the health service need according to residence characteristics. Method: The subjects consisted of 194 elderly people classified into two groups of living in community and living in institution. Data was collected from January to March, 2004 by a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics. health related variables, MMSE-K, nutritional status, pain, depression and ADL scale. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS program including descriptive analysis, $X^2$ test, t-test and Pearsons Correlation Coefficient. Result In general characteristics, there were differences in religions and spouses and all the group of people were aged. In health related variables according to residential characteristics. cognitive level (MMSE-K) of the elderly living in institutions was lower than that of the elderly living in community and the group of living in institutions showed more than 'moderate level' of subjective and relative health perception and their ADL was confirmed to be more dependent. But there was no significant difference among depression, BMI, nutritional status, number of present disease and pain according to residence characteristics. It was identified that pain had) positive correlation with nutritional status. ADL, and the number of present disease, and ADL showed negative correlation with cognitive level. Subjective and relative health perception had positive correlation with depression and negative correlation with nutritional status. In conclusion. the need of the health service of the elderly identified according to residential characteristics showed differences only in cognition and ADL. The elderly living in institutions showed relatively poor results. Conclusion: The concern of nutritional status is necessary to increase health status for the elderly, especially more concern and support is necessary for the elderly living in community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 1985

A study on the image identification of urban streetscape is valuable for illuminating identity that is not yet fully approached in the field of environmental design. This analysis of urban streetscape for image identification allows us to make a more detailed exploration of an important approaching methods in dealing with the structural characteristics of identity. As a matter of fact, the earlier indirect studies on this image identification were made by environmental designers, such as architectural and urban designer in the field of environmental perception and came to its environmental cognition & environmental pattern research with assistances by such researchers as K. Lynch A. Rapoport & Christopher Alexander. Through its environmental perception research, we can see its structural characteristics that is aesthetic & visual structural contents of physical environmental elements. And we can see its cognitive characteristics through the environmental cognitive research, that is continuity, territoriality, identity of place, uniqueness or individuality, meaning & symbolism. Through its environmental pattern research, we can see its physical, socio - economic, cultural and symbolic pattern identification contents, that is physical form of the city, style of the street, pattern of streetscape, socio- economic & geographical locality, arid life cycle, life style, common style of the behavior, cultural pattern of the activity, socio - cultural expression of the symbol. In these process, we can set up a set of the environmental design criterias from those three integral studies for identity. And for an environmental research, Tongsung-Ro around the CBD (central business district) in Taegu City was selected for a case study, because this streetscape is suitable for that approaching methods in this study.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.77-90
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• 2018

Behavioral studies of emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have yielded mixed results. Most of the studies focused on emotion recognition abilities with regard to ASD using stimuli with unisensory modality, making it difficult to determine difficulties in real life emotion perception in ASD. Herein, we review the recent behavioral and cognitive neuroscience studies on emotion recognition functions in ASD, including both unisensory and multisensory emotional information, to elucidate the possible difficulties in emotion recognition in ASD. In our study, we discovered that people with ASD have problems in the process of integrating emotional information during emotion recognition tasks. The following four points are discussed: (1) The restrictions of previous studies, (2) deficits in emotion recognition in ASD especially in recognizing multisensory information, (3) possible compensation mechanisms for emotion recognition in ASD, and (4) the possible roles of attention and language functions in emotion recognition in ASD. The compensatory mechanisms proposed herein for ASD with regard to emotion recognition abilities could contribute to a therapeutic approach for improving emotion recognition functions in ASD.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2023

This study aims to examine the factors influencing successful flight training performance in helicopter pilot education. To this end, an exploratory factor analysis was used to extract individual cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics, and a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to find out how these characteristics (factors) affect flight training performance. As a result, it was found that the higher the spatial perception ability, resilience, and mastery goal-oriented learning attitude, the higher the flight training performance had a positive effect. This reconfirms the importance of spatial awareness, which is particularly required for pilots, and reconfirms that the role of a flight instructor in a limited cockpit space and the right motivation and effort of an individual affect flight training performance. These results are expected to be useful indicators for effective flight training of helicopter pilots in the future.