• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2023

Background: As social problems due to the acceleration of the aging era and the increase in the elderly population are becoming serious, virtual reality (VR)-based healthcare is emerging as an approach for preventing and managing health issues. Objects: This study used validity and reliability analyses to examine the clinical efficacy that is, the clinical value and usability of a novel VR cognitive evaluation system index that we developed. Methods: We developed a VR cognitive evaluation system based on motion recognition analysis evaluation for individuals aged 65 to 85. After conducting the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Exam (K-MMSE) cognitive evaluation, the evaluation score was verified through correlation analysis in the VR cognitive evaluation system. To verify the construct validity of the two groups, the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) grades were categorized into a normal cognitive group (GDS grade 1) and a cognitive impairment group (GDS grades 2 and 3). The data were measured twice to determine the reliability between the two measurements and assess the stability and clinical value of the evaluation system. Results: Our evaluation system had a high correlation of 0.85 with the widely used K-MMSE cognitive evaluation. The system had strong criterion-related validity at the 95% confidence interval. Compared to the average score of GDS grade 1 in the VR cognitive evaluation system, the average score of GDS grades 2 and 3 in the VR cognitive evaluation system was statistically significantly lower while also having strong construct validity at the 95% confidence interval. To measure the reliability of the VR cognitive evaluation system, tests-retests were conducted using the intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1), which equaled 0.923 and was statistically significant. Conclusion: The VR cognitive evaluation system we developed is a valid and reliable clinical tool to distinguish between normal cognitive status and mild cognitive impairment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2018

노인 운전자가 스스로 운전능력을 점검하는 자가-보고식 평가는 운전 중 사고 또는 사고위험성을 사전에 대비할 목적으로 사용된다. 지역사회에 거주하는 정상노인의 다수가 경도인지장애로 인해 인지기능 저하를 경험할 수 있으며, 이들의 저하된 인지기능은 노인 운전자용 자가-보고식 평가 수행에 영향을 미치는 변수가 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 지역사회에 거주하는 경도인지장애 노인 운전자가 자가-보고식 평가를 수행하는 데 있어 영향을 미치는 인지기능을 확인하였다. 지역사회에 거주하는 노인 운전자 103명의 Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 평가결과를 바탕으로 경도인지장애와 정상 노인을 분류하였다. 그리고 두 집단의 자가-보고식 평가인 Korean-Drivers 65 plus 점수를 비교하였고, 이 평가 결과에 영향을 미치는 인지기능을 분석하였다. 그 결과 경도인지장애 그룹이 정상 그룹과 비교하여 유의하게 낮은 평가수행 결과를 보였으며, 경도인지장애 노인 운전자의 자가-보고식 평가 결과는 시공간 실행력 및 지연 회상력과 유의한 상관성이 확인되었다. 회귀분석을 통해 자가-보고식 평가 수행에 영향을 미치는 인지기능을 확인한 결과 시공간 실행력이 가장 영향력인 높은 변수로 확인되었다. 지연 회상력 또한 부분적 영향이 확인되었지만 경도인지장애 노인 운전자의 자가-보고식 평가 결과를 변질 시키는 수준은 아닌 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.907-914
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• 2010

Cognitive model, that is cognitive architecture, is the model expressed with computer program to show the process how human solve a certain problem and it is continuously under investigation through various fields of study such as cognitive engineering, computer engineering, and cognitive psychology. In addition, the much extensive applicability of cognitive model usually helps it to be used for quantitative prediction of human Behavior or Natural programming of human performance in many HCI areas including User Interface Usability, artificial intelligence, natural programming language and also Robot engineering. Meanwhile, when a system designed, an usability test about conceptual design of interface is needed and in this case, analysis evaluation using cognitive model like GOMS or ACT-R is much more effective than empirical evaluation which naturally needs products and subjects. In particular, if we consider the recent trend of very short-end term between a previous technology development and the next new one, it would take time and much efforts to choose subjects and train them in order to conduct usability test which is repeatedly followed in the process of a system development and this finally would bring delays of development of a new system. In this study, we predicted quantitatively the human behavior processes which contains cognitive processes for menu selection in touch screen interface through ACT-R, one of the common method of usability test. Throughout the study, it was shown that the result using cognitive model was equal with the result using existing empirical evaluation. And it is expected that cognitive model has a possibility not only to be used as an effective methodology for evaluation of HCI products or system but also to contribute the activation of HCI cognitive modeling in Korea.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the dual-task evaluation applied to the screening of mild cognitive impairment. It also aims to present various evaluation items and results analysis methods for dual tasks applied to patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of published studies in PubMed databases and KISS from January 2000 to August 2020 using the main keywords such as "Dual task," "Mild Cognitive impairment," "Elderly," and "Screening." We selected a total of 10 studies for the analysis from 1314 searched articles. Results: We analyzed the qualitative level of 10 studies that were nonrandomized two-group studies with evidence level II (100.0%). These results suggest that the evidence level of the studies was high. We analyzed 10 studies and identified 12 motor tasks and 19 cognitive tasks. Walking was the most commonly used evaluation motor task and counting backward by ones and naming animals were the most commonly used evaluation cognitive tasks. Moreover, the velocity speed was the most used result analysis method. The results indicate that there were significant differences in dual-task performance between patients with normal and mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as a basis for the selection of dual-task evaluation items and methods of analyzing the results for screening mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, they are expected to be used for research on the development of dual-task evaluation tools. It is necessary to compare and analyze the usage trends of dual-task evaluation by cultural differences in future studies.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2014

The cognitive rehabilitation training is important for treating many cognitive impairment conditions, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and ADHD. In this study, we developed a new evaluation system to improve the measurement of the conventional evaluation systems for cognitive rehabilitation training. The developed system measured the activity of dopamine(DA) and an autonomic nervous system(ANS) with photoplethysmography and electromyography. The results demonstrated that the cognitive capacity was increased but the activity of DA was decreased with unbalanced ANS by short-term stress. Based on the results, the effect of short-term stress should be recognized for the cognitive rehabilitation training.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권3D호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2010

교차로 교통사고의 주요 원인은 인적요인에 의한 교통사고가 대부분 차지하고 있어 운전자들의 주행특성 및 교통상황에 따른 심리적 생리적 변화측정을 통해 영향 요인 규명이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 운전자들의 인적요인을 고려한 개별 교차로 안전성 평가를 위하여 최첨단 계측장비를 활용한 뇌파반응을 측정하고 설문조사를 통해 평상시와 주행 실험시 운전자들의 인지특성 조사를 실시하였다. 교차로 접근시 뇌파변화와 주행실험 인지평가조사 자료의 관계성을 규명하고, 주행실험의 인지평가요인과 생체적 반응 뇌파데이터를 고려한 개별 교차로 안전성 평가 모형을 구축하였다. 그 결과, 교차로의 물리적 특성에 따라 생체반응 뇌파가 다르게 나타나고 인지평가 또한 차이가 있어 주행시 생체반응(뇌파)과정을 통해 인지평가를 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

In this study, we performed the psychological analysis on campus facilities for university students with the observation that the evaluation on the physical environment of the campus is related to the image evaluation of the campus users. Specifically, we investigated the cognitive structure and the image evaluation structure of users, i.e., students, on the architectural and morphological elements of campus buildings. The investigation results are summarized as follows. 1) The cognitive structure of students on the architectural and morphological elements was different from building to building. In the case of architectural elements, the campus buildings were rated high, if they were designed with emphasis on symbolic elements, while the campus buildings with simple design were rated low. However, the morphological elements exhibited the opposite results. 2) We extracted six factors by performing the factor analysis for image evaluation. From the analysis results, we found that students showed a different structure of image evaluation for each building. In addition, the image evaluation structures were found to be related with the cognitive structures on architectural and morphological elements. 3) We also performed the correlation analysis between image evaluation structure and cognitive structure on architectural and morphological aspects. The analysis results indicated that each building showed different correlation patterns. In addition, the overall image became better, as they appraised "clarity" and "uniformity" more highly.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2010

뇌 기능 연구 분야에서는 MRI, PET, MEG 영상 시스템 등을 이용한 인지기능에 대한 정량적 평가 연구가 계속적으로 이루어 지고 있다. 최근에는 컴퓨터 기술을 응용하여 인지 기능의 정량적 분석을 효과적으로 하고자 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 터치 스크린을 이용하여 인지 기능의 정량적 평가를 할 수 있는 소프트웨어 패키지를 구현하였다. 여기서 구현된 내용은 집중력, 숫자 기억력, 조합 기억력, 위상 기억력, 시각 및 근육 반응, 청각 반응 등으로 되어 있다. 우리는 구현된 소프트웨어에 대하여 실험적 검증과정을 거치고자 20~59세까지의 연령 및 성별에 따른 80명을 대상으로 실험을 수행하였다. 남녀 모두 40세 이후의 연령에서 인지기능의 감쇄가 일어나는 결과를 정량적 획득하였다. 본 연구에서는 고가 장비인 영상 시스템뿐만 아니라 상대적으로 간소화된 소프트웨어를 이용하여서도 인지기능의 정량적 평가가 가능함을 보여주고 있다. 이러한 방법을 적용하여 다양한 그룹의 인지 기능의 정량적 평가 및 비교를 수행하는 데 비용과 시간을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.265-284
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 이용자의 인지유형과 그에 따른 웹기반 OPAC시스템 평가에 대한 상관관계를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이용자들의 인지유형은 (1)Verbaliser/Imager와 (2) Wholist/Analytic으로 나누었고 웹기반 OPAC시스템의 (1)기능적인 측면과 (2)학습용이성 측면에 초점을 맞추어 평가를 하였다. 연구방법으로는 (1)사전조사를 위한 인터뷰, (2)주된 데이터 수집을 위한 질문지, 그리고 (3) 이용자의 인지형태 결정을 위해서 심리측정학(psychometric)방법을 사용하였다. 사전조사결과와 문헌의 리뷰에 근거하여 온라인 조사방법으로 (1)웹기반 온라인 질문지와 (2) Riding의 CSA(Cognitive Style Assessment)을 Sheffield 대학 캠퍼스 네트워크에 연결된 모든 PC에서 접속할 수 있게 온라인 테스트 환경을 구성하였다. 이 환경을 통하여 44명의 석.박사 학생들이 자발적으로 본 실험에 참가를 했으며, 이들로부터 수집된 데이터는 SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 통계분석에서 각 평가항목 변수들간의 상관관계분석을 위해서 피어슨(Pearson)의 상관계수 (Coefficient, f)를 사용하였다. 연구결과 개인의 인지형태와 웹기반 OPAC시스템 평가간에는 비교적 낮은 통계학적인 상관관계를 보였다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in survivors discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods : This secondary analysis study utilized data from a multicenter prospective cohort of post-ICU patients. We analyzed the data of 175 patients enrolled in the primary cohort who completed the cognitive function evaluation three months after ICU discharge. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. The cut-off points for cognitive impairment were < 23 for face-to-face evaluation and < 18 for telephone evaluation. Results : The prevalence of cognitive impairment three months after ICU discharge was 32.6%. Significant risk factors for cognitive impairment were age ≥ 60 years (OR=10.52, 95% CI=3.65~30.33, p<.001), education < high school graduation (OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.07~6.01, p=.035), unplanned ICU admission (OR=4.01, 95% CI=1.45-11.14, p=.008), and delirium in the ICU (OR=4.33, 95% CI=1.08-17.23, p=.038). Conclusion : ICU nurses should use preemptive strategies to reduce post-ICU cognitive impairment of patients with risk factors. It is necessary to frequently assess and detect early delirium in critically ill patients, while attempting various non-pharmacological interventions.