• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.135-150
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate how perceived interactivity between the mobile messenger application and its user gives rise to user's enjoyment and continuous usage intention. Perceived interactivity was assumed to be formed by the combination of control, share, and responsiveness in light of the previous studies. The relations between perceived interactivity, enjoyment, and usage intention are hypothesized on the basis of the pleasure-arousal-dominance emotional state model, the theory of reasoned action, and the theory of planned behavior. Survey data were collected from 481 mobile messenger users in Korea and China. In order to test hypotheses, structural equation modeling analyses were conducted. As a result, perceived interactivity concerning connectedness and responsiveness not only positively affected enjoyment, but also had a significant effect on usage intention. However, while control positively influenced usage intention, it was not significantly related to enjoyment. In addition, there was a positive relation between enjoyment and usage intention. Incidentally, multi-group analysis was conducted to explore the differences between Korean and Chinese users. The findings would provide managerial implications for mobile messenger corporations on causal effects of perceived interactivity and the differences of the path coefficients between in Korea and China.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.448-458
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• 2017

This study reviews the literature related to the omni-channel and derived structural relationship between experiential perception of omni-channel brand and consumer-brand relational quality. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed to university students, workers, and consumers in Busan, Korea, who had experience using SSG.com. 210 questionnaires were used for final validation of research model. The hypotheses set in this study was validated through SPSS18.0 and LISREL8.3 based on the research model. The results showed that all hypotheses were accepted, except for 2 hypotheses(Hypothesis 2-3, Hypothesis 2-4). Findings of this study suggest the following:First, the consumer's experience with the omni-channel brand was found to be an important factor influencing consumers' cognitive and emotional responses formed by the transfer effect of experiential factors through senses. Second, the relationship between consumers and the omni-channel brand was found to be an important factor in building attachment and psychological bond through experience and trust for the omni-channel brand. Thus, the results of this study provide the basis for overall understanding of the strategic experiential module (SEMs) for the omni-channel, which recently emerged as a new trend of distribution channel, as well as for managing the spatial environment. Finally, we present the theoretical and practical implications related to consumers' experience and relational perception.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to investigate elementary students' perception of science classroom through an analysis of students' answer to an open-ended question and to suggest a framework for the analysis of science classroom culture, as the first step to develop an analysis tool for qualitative exploration of science classroom culture. We analyzed 571 responses and developed an analysis framework with six categories (i.e. major factors; power structure of a classroom community; focused domains of the science classroom; student concerns; atmosphere of science classroom; participation form). The details of the six categories can be summarized as follows: (1) major factors were revealed to be practical work, fun, teacher, community and others; (2) the power structure of classroom community was in the order of peer students, teacher, and individual student himself/herself; (3) the focused domains of the science classroom perceived by students were more about affective and behavioral domains than cognitive one; (4) major student concerns were teachers' teaching, having practical work, and the understanding of and the sharing of knowledge and opinions (5) science classroom atmosphere was noisy and pranky but fun and interesting; (6) the students participation forms were to be total participation or voluntary participation or cooperative practice. Through this study, not only suggesting the framework, but we could also get implications for the cultural aspects of science classroom based on the results of data analysis in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.243-255
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• 2012

This study is intended to find out the effect and differences of individual characteristic of the death attitude on death anxiety. The college students who study in the area of Chonan, Yongin, and Asan and the adults who live in the area of Chonan and Asan enrolled for this study. We analyzed the survey data from 325 responses finally. The results are summarized in three ways: First, adults are more positive than college students, religious people are more positive than nonreligious people, female are more positive than male, and married people are more positive than unmarried people in the death attitude. Second, college students are more positive than adults, nonreligious people are more positive than religious people, female are more positive than male, and unmarried people are more positive than married people in the death anxiety. Third, there is a correlation between the death anxiety and the death attitude. The fear on death has negative correlation on all subvariables of the death anxiety. Avoidance on death has positive correlation on the physical change anxiety, and openness on death has positive correlation on the cognitive and affective anxiety. Finally, It showed that the death attitude are affected by the death anxiety. The death anxiety was not much, if the fear on death are more little, the death anxiety was much, if the avoidance on death are much.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.212-220
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• 2013

Recently, there has been tremendous increase in human-computer/machine interaction system, where the goal is to provide with an appropriate service to the user at the right time with minimal human inputs for human augmented cognition system. To develop an efficient human augmented cognition system based on human computer/machine interaction, it is important to interpret the user's implicit intention, which is vague, in addition to the explicit intention. According to cognitive visual-motor theory, human eye movements and pupillary responses are rich sources of information about human intention and behavior. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the identification of human implicit visual search intention based on eye movement pattern and pupillary analysis such as pupil size, gradient of pupil size variation, fixation length/count for the area of interest. The proposed model identifies the human's implicit intention into three types such as navigational intent generation, informational intent generation, and informational intent disappearance. Navigational intent refers to the search to find something interesting in an input scene with no specific instructions, while informational intent refers to the search to find a particular target object at a specific location in the input scene. In the present study, based on the human eye movement pattern and pupillary analysis, we used a hierarchical support vector machine which can detect the transitions between the different implicit intents - navigational intent generation to informational intent generation and informational intent disappearance.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease that can be described by the occurrence of dementia due to a decline in cognitive function. The disease is characterized by the formation of extracellular and intracellular amyloid plaques. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a hallmark of AD, and microglia can be activated in the presence of Aβ. Activated microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, S100A9 is an important innate immunity pro-inflammatory contributor in inflammation and a potential contributor to AD. This study examined the effects of metformin and α-LA on the inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Aβ- and S100A9-induced BV-2 microglial cells. Metformin and α-LA attenuated inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, metformin and α-LA inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38. They activated the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Moreover, metformin and α-LA reduced the marker levels of the M1 phenotype, ICAM1, whereas the M2 phenotype, ARG1, was increased. These findings suggest that metformin and α-LA are therapeutic agents against the Aβ- and S100A9-induced neuroinflammatory responses.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.189-203
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• 1988

The main objective of this dissertation is to find out the measurement methods of household work organization and manger style and the quantitative analysis methods of influential factors on household work organization and manager style. Subjects were homemakers living in metropolitan , medium and small cities. Questionnaires were sent to subjects and usable responses were 1139 out of 1239 received questionnaires. Data collected through both preliminary and main survey were analyzed by using frequencies, percentage, analysis of variance, chi-square test and pearson's correlation analysis. Results are as follows; 1) The degree of household work organization was distributed on upper middle level exceeding middle score. Among subsystems of household work such as task assignment , test regularization, task arrangement and task standardization. subjects show the highest positive attitude in task standardization. 2) The characteristics of management in household work have task centered orientation. By the prority of task centered orientation, the order was integrated style. dedicated style. It means that the most ideal style is an integrated style which accounts for one-third of the total homemakers. 3) Household organization's subsystems and household work manager style are related with socio-demographic variables. Integrated style is significantly related with homemaker's employment and having helpers for household work. homemakers who are employed and have helpers for household work exhibit high scores in task assignment and task arrangement. Dedicated style is significantly related with homemaker's age and the number of children. Homemakers who are older and have many children exhibit high scores in task assignment. Related style is significantly related with marriage duration, education level and income level. Homemakers who have a long marriage duration exhibit high scores in task assignment and who have high education and income level exhibit high scores in task regularization. Seperates style is significantly related with homemaker's age m marriage duration an family life cycle. homemakers who ar older, have a long marriage duration and are of late stage in family life cycle exhibit seperated style and high scores in organization. To summarize research findings, household work manger and household work organization are related with family life experiences, and task assignment is an influential variable on manager style. in conclusion, it is evident that household work organization emphasizes efficiency as cognitive component and such organization. Finally it is necessary to broaden this research considered social psychological variables. And also it needs to build household manger style models appropriate fro the characteristics of each style.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

Purpose - Multi-dimensional prices comprise multiple components such as monthly payments and a number of payments rather than a single lump-sum amount. According to previous studies, an increase in the number of price dimensions leads to a massive amount of cognitive stress resulting in incorrect calculation, and deterioration in the consistency of the price judgment. However, an increase only in the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices does not always result in a corresponding decrease in the accuracy of price evaluation. Since diverse variables could affect consumers' purchase-decision-making process, the results of price evaluation would be different. In this study, an empirical analysis was performed to determine how the accuracy of price evaluation varies depending on the extent of the complexity of price dimensions using product involvement and brand preference as moderating variables. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted on 260 students, and 252 effective responses were used for analysis. The data was analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA. In this study, six hypotheses were developed to examine the effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation effort of multi-dimensional prices. Results - As the number of price dimensions increased, accuracy of price evaluation appeared to be low in high involvement, as expected. However, it showed no differences in price evaluation effort when the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices is low. When a small number of price dimensions are presented in both cases of high and low involvement, accuracy of price evaluation is much higher in a weak brand preference. On the contrary, a strong brand preference enhances an accuracy of price evaluation only in case of low involvement when the number of price dimensions is increased. An interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation of multi-dimensional prices did not exist irrespective of the level of complexity of calculating prices being high or low. Conclusions - When the number of price dimensions is small, consumers' effort for price evaluation shows almost no difference without the moderating effect of involvement, and a weak brand preference leads to a higher accuracy of price evaluation in an effort to make the best selection. No interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference was found except for a main effect of brand preference. When a price is composed of multiple dimensions rendering it more difficult to calculate the final price, the effort for price evaluation was expected to decrease only slightly in case of combination of high involvement and strong brand preference. This is because people have a higher purchase intentions and trust for that particular brand. However, the accuracy of price evaluation was much lower in cases of high involvement, and there was no interaction effect between product involvement and brand preference except for a main effect of involvement and brand preference, respectively.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is development of 'F1 in Schools Program' for elementary school student and validation of the program. Fifteen students were originally chosen from the W elementary school in Cheongju, Chungcheogbuk-Do. The children were tested on their understanding of science and 'F1 in Schools Program'. After developing the 'F1 in Schools Program', it was used in the classroom to evaluate applicability and to examine the responses from students, parents and schools. The program consists of 60 classes and the time of each class is 40 minutes. This study was conducted for 10 days from January 22nd, 2007 to February 2nd, 2007. CAD(Computer Aided Design), CFD(Computation Fluid Dynamics), CAM(Computer Aided manufacturing) and CNC Machine were used in this study and proved to be good materials for students in that they increased the students' participation and imagination. However, the children's cognitive and creative abilities as well as manuals written in English hampered the process. Most students, parents, schools seemed to be satisfied with use of the program. However, the schools showed that there was not enough understanding of the program as a whole. The processes with which students build and inspect using the $CO_2$Model Car not only improves the processing of the model but also enhanced the students scientific understanding related to the car speed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2009

In the process of product design, shaping is the process of making a substantive existence, and ultimately it generates the outcome. The process of shaping is generally led by designer's initiative work, and in this process, various formative elements are used to generate the outcome. In this research, the basic purposes are to figure out the differences of elements which generated by the differences of consumer's and designer's view in the process of shaping of the product, and the characteristics of the affective responses caused by those differences. Also, it will examine how the consumers can directly participate in the process of the shaping of the consumer-participated product, and the feasible guidelines of design in which consumers' needs can be reflected more efficiently to the process of shaping. As a result, consumers and designers have certain degree of difference of view-point about the formative element of the shape. The difference was due to subjective common ideas of design in case of designers, and in case of consumers, it was due to their immature visual understanding. There is another experiment of affective response about the shape of the product. First, I established the sensible image vocabulary based on the shape of the product. And based on the vocabulary, I carried out the same experiments to the consumers and designers.