• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cognition study

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The Relationship between the Cognitive Impairment and Mortality in the Rural Elderly (농촌지역 노인들의 인지기능 장애와 사망과의 관련성)

  • Sun, Byeong-Hwan;Park, Kyeong-Soo;Na, Baeg-Ju;Park, Yo-Seop;Nam, Hae-Sung;Shin, Jun-Ho;Sohn, Seok-Joon;Rhee, Jung-Ae
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.30 no.3 s.58
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    • pp.630-642
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the mortality risk associated with cognitive impairment among the rural elderly. The subjective of study was 558 of 'A Study on the Depression and Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Elderly' of Jung Ae Rhee and Hyang Gyun Jung's study(1993). Cognitive impairment and other social and health factors were assessed in 558 elderly rural community residents. For this study, a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSEK) was used as a global indicator of cognitive functioning. And mortality risk factors for each cognitive impairment subgroup were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. At baseline 22.6% of the sample were mildly impaired and 14.2% were severely impaired. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was existed in the cognitive function level. Also the variables such as smoking habits, physical disorders had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Across a 3-year observation period the mortality rate was 8.5% for the cognitively unimpaired, 11.1% for the mildly impaired, and 16.5% for the severly impaired respendents. And the survival probability was .92 for the cognitively unimpaired, .90 for the mildly impaired, and .86 for the severly impaired respondents. Compared to survival curve for the cognitively unimpaired group, each survival curve for the mildly and the severely impaired group was not significantly different. When adjustments models were not made for the effects of other health and social covariates, each hazard ratio of death of mildly and severely impaired persons was not significantly different as compared with the cognitively unimpaired. But, as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death decreased. Employing Cox univariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, smoking habits, physical disorders. Also when adjustments were made for the effects of other health and social covariates, there was no difference in hazard ratio of death between those with severe or mild impairment and unimpaired persons. And as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death did not decrease. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, physical disorders. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model by sex, at men and women statistically significant variable was only age. For both men and women, also cognitive impairment was not a significant risk factor. Other investigators have found that cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of mortality. But we didn't find that it is a significant predictor of mortality. Even though the conclusions of our study were not related to cognitive impairment and mortality, early detection of impaired cognition and attention to associated health problems could improve the quality of life of these older adults and perhaps extend their survival.

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Effect of the Dental Hygienics Students' $2{\times}2$ Achievement Target Orientation on the Self-Regulated Learning (치위생과 학생의 $2{\times}2$ 성취목표지향성이 자기조절학습에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Gi-Ok;Choi, Gyu-Yil
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.375-382
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    • 2012
  • This research will target the Dental Hygienics students to identify the level and type of the $2{\times}2$ achievement target orientation, and will study how this achievement target orientation is related to the Self-Regulated Learning, as well as the effect on the each sub elements of the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL). Among the $2{\times}2$ achievement target orientation of all the female university students, the skillful approach was found to be highest. In case of the adjustment of the motivation following grade, intrinsic value of the 1st grader was higher than the intrinsic value of the 2nd and 3rd graders. As for the behavior adjustment, the 3rd grader's time and studying adjustment were found to be higher. Mean while, pursuit of the cooperation was found to be high compared to the time and studying adjustment of the1st and 2nd graders. Second, intrinsic value, overt goal orientation, and studying environment adjustment among the SRL's subelements, manifested significant correlation with all the sub elements of the $2{\times}2$ achievement target orientation. As for the elements that affected cognition adjustment, grade and skillful approach were found to exert significant effect on the performance adjustment. As for the element that affects behavior adjustment, grade and skillful approach exerted significant effect on the sub elements of the behavior adjustment. Analysis on the effect of the achievement target orientation and SRL implies that the direction of the students' learning goal can be modified and that they can learn effectively by using the SRL appropriately. When the two elements are factored in carefully, the key findings could serve as a base data that can motivate the students, inducing effective learning process.

The Relationship between Dementia and Oral Health in Some Elderly in Daejeon (대전 일부 노인의 치매와 구강건강의 관계)

  • Go, Hye-Bin;Kim, Min-Gyeong;Kim, Jin-Young;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Park, Young-Seo;Seo, Seung-Hyeon;Hwang, Soo-Jeong
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.481-487
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    • 2016
  • The elderly population with dementia is rapidly growing in South Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dementia and oral health in 197 subjects aged ${\geq}65$ years. The questionnaire included questions on subjective health status, subjective health concern, subjective oral health status and behavior, mastication ability, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaires (KDSQ). Oral examination was conducted by a single dentist to evaluate upper or lower denture use, and determine the numbers of remaining and functioning teeth, including implant and fixed prosthesis. The subjects who required a dementia test (KDSQ-C [cognition] of ${\geq}6$) had significant differences in systemic disease prevalence rate, subjective health status, subjective health concern, KDSQ-V (vascular disease) score, KDSQ-D (depression) score, subjective oral treatment need, key food mastication ability and OHIP-14 score compared to the healthy subjects. The proportion of denture wearers, total remaining teeth, total functioning teeth, toothbrushing frequency, oral pain severity, symptoms of periodontal disease, subjective oral health status, and subjective oral health concern showed no significant differences between the two groups. KDSQ-C and OHIP-14 scores showed a strong positive relationship, while KDSQ-C score and total remaining teeth or key food mastication ability showed a weak negative relationship. In the multiple regression analysis, the KDSQ-D, KDSQ-V, and OHIP-14 scores influenced the KDSQ-C scores. We suggest a relationship between oral health and cognitive impairment.

A Study on Significance Testing of Driver's Visual Behavior due to the VMS Message Display Forms on the Road (도로상 VMS 표출방식별 운전자 유의성 검증에 관한 연구)

  • Kum, Ki-Jung;Son, Young-Tae;Bae, Deok-Mo;Son, Seung-Neo
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.7 no.4 s.26
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    • pp.151-162
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    • 2005
  • Variable Message Sign (VMS), which provides drivers with direct information about state of traffic congestion and for prevent an accident, is the most effective method among the methods of providing information in Advanced Transportation Management System. Currently establishment and the VMS which is operated foundation lets in Guidelines on the use of Variable message sign (a book of the VMS) of 1999 November the Ministry Construction & Transportation, these contents mean main viewpoint on physical part such as message special quality variable (font, character size and line space, word interval) and position mainly among standard about establishment in general. But, it is true that using without effect verification on the character of VMS display and that using mode of stationary-centered. In this paper, it executed significance test to effort verification on the character of VMS display for more practical and effective information transmission based on the driver viewpoint For the researches; develop 3D-Simulation, select characteristics of driver's visual cognition behavior (the conspicuity, the legibility and the comprehensibility), evaluation each issue (day or night, 80km/h or 100km/h). Especially, that used the Eye Marker Recorder to measure of reading-time (legibility) thus, confirmed objectivity and reduce an observational error. The results showed that the conspicuity is Flashing> Stationary>Scroll. The legibility is not deference that Flashing between stationary form. Also the comprehensibility result showed that Flashing> Stationary>Stroll form.

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Development of the Information Delivery System for the Home Nursing Service (가정간호사업 운용을 위한 정보전달체계 개발 I (가정간호 데이터베이스 구축과 뇌졸중 환자의 가정간호 전산개발))

  • Park, J.H;Kim, M.J;Hong, K.J;Han, K.J;Park, S.A;Yung, S.N;Lee, I.S;Joh, H.;Bang, K.S
    • Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.4
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    • pp.5-22
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of the study was to development an information delivery system for the home nursing service, to demonstrate and to evaluate the efficiency of it. The period of research conduct was from September 1996 to August 31, 1997. At the 1st stage to achieve the purpose, Firstly Assessment tool for the patients with cerebral vascular disease who have the first priority of HNS among the patients with various health problems at home was developed through literature review. Secondly, after identification of patient nursing problem by the home care nurse with the assessment tool, the patient's classification system developed by Park (1988) that was 128 nursing activities under 6 categories was used to identify the home care nurse's activities of the patient with CAV at home. The research team had several workshops with 5 clinical nurse experts to refine it. At last 110 nursing activities under 11 categories for the patients with CVA were derived. At the second stage, algorithms were developed to connect 110 nursing activities with the patient nursing problems identified by assessment tool. The computerizing process of the algorithms is as follows: These algorithms are realized with the computer program by use of the software engineering technique. The development is made by the prototyping method, which is the requirement analysis of the software specifications. The basic features of the usability, compatibility, adaptability and maintainability are taken into consideration. Particular emphasis is given to the efficient construction of the database. To enhance the database efficiency and to establish the structural cohesion, the data field is categorized with the weight of relevance to the particular disease. This approach permits the easy adaptability when numerous diseases are applied in the future. In paralleled with this, the expandability and maintainability is stressed through out the program development, which leads to the modular concept. However since the disease to be applied is increased in number as the project progress and since they are interrelated and coupled each other, the expand ability as well as maintainability should be considered with a big priority. Furthermore, since the system is to be synthesized with other medical systems in the future, these properties are very important. The prototype developed in this project is to be evaluated through the stage of system testing. There are various evaluation metrics such as cohesion, coupling and adaptability so on. But unfortunately, direct measurement of these metrics are very difficult, and accordingly, analytical and quantitative evaluations are almost impossible. Therefore, instead of the analytical evaluation, the experimental evaluation is to be applied through the test run by various users. This system testing will provide the viewpoint analysis of the user's level, and the detail and additional requirement specifications arising from user's real situation will be feedback into the system modeling. Also. the degree of freedom of the input and output will be improved, and the hardware limitation will be investigated. Upon the refining, the prototype system will be used as a design template. and will be used to develop the more extensive system. In detail. the relevant modules will be developed for the various diseases, and the module will be integrated by the macroscopic design process focusing on the inter modularity, generality of the database. and compatibility with other systems. The Home care Evaluation System is comprised of three main modules of : (1) General information on a patient, (2) General health status of a patient, and (3) Cerebrovascular disease patient. The general health status module has five sub modules of physical measurement, vitality, nursing, pharmaceutical description and emotional/cognition ability. The CVA patient module is divided into ten sub modules such as subjective sense, consciousness, memory and language pattern so on. The typical sub modules are described in appendix 3.

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Exploration of the Relationship Structure of Personal and Social Cognitive Factors Affecting Professional Help-seeking Decisions for Distress among People in Low-income (저소득층의 디스트레스에 따른 전문가 도움추구의 결정에 영향을 미치는 개인 및 사회인지 요인들의 관계구조 탐색)

  • Park, Sunyoung
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.67 no.2
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    • pp.85-112
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    • 2015
  • This study examined the relationship structure among personal and social cognitive factors contributing to professional help-seeking decisions to relieve distress of those in low-income, then suggested an appropriate model to inform knowledge for better social work practice. Using data of a purposive sampling from 331 low-income people, covariance structural analyses were conducted in two stages of model exploration, one for TPB model and another for its extended model including the level of distress, family support, and willingness. As results, in the path analyses with the observed variables of the basic components of the TPB, subjective norm showed the strongest effect on the intention, following by attitudes towards help-seeking, then behavioral control the least; in turn both the intention, positively, and behavioral control, negatively, contributed to help-seeking decisions. In the second stage of the path analyses with the extended model of the TPB, each of distress and family support demonstrated direct positive effect on each of attitudes, subjective norm, and behavioral control; each of the attitudes, subjective norm, and behavioral control showed positive effect on both intention and willingness; in turn, while intention showed strong positive effect on help-seeking decisions, willingness had no significant effect and behavioral control had negative effect on decisions. There were significant indirect effects of behavioral control on intention through willingness and of willingness on decisions through intention. These results suggested that the TPB model is useful for modeling help-seeking decisions through personal and social cognitions, especially the significance of subjective norm implied the importance of social cognition for the people in low-income with distress. Further, it was implied that the extended model needs to address particularity of those people in low-income and the mechanism shown by behavioral control and willingness implied the importance of practicing respect for the client's autonomy and will for self-support in social work practice.

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Effects of Korean Zingiber mioga R. (Flower Buds and Rhizome) Extract on Memory (한국산 양하(꽃봉오리와 지하경)의 인지 기능 개선 효과)

  • Cho, Kyo-Hee;Oh, Myung-Sook;Kim, Hyo-Geun;Lee, Sun-Hee;Chung, Kun-Sub;Kim, Ae-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.10
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    • pp.1519-1526
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    • 2014
  • This study investigated the biological activities and effects of Korean Zingiber mioga R. (flower buds and rhizome) on memory. The general composition, minerals, anti-oxidative activities, and AChE inhibitory effects were analyzed, and NORT (Novel object recognition test) and Y-Maze test in vivo were performed. The general contents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash; wet basis) of ZB (flower buds) were 91.96%, 0.15%, 1.99%, and 11.90%, respectively. The general contents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash; wet basis) of ZR (rhizome) were 75.21%, 0.53%, 2.20%, and 9.50%, respectively. The macro mineral contents (Ca, P, Na, and K) of ZB were 31.70 mg%, 15.20 mg%, 8.20 mg%, and 258.60 mg%, respectively. Inhibitory effects (IC50 value) of DPPH and ABTS radicals were higher with ZBD (flower buds water extract) than with ZBE (flower buds EtOH extract), ZRD (rhizome water extract) or ZRE (rhizome EtOH extract). AChE inhibitory effect of ZBD was higher and that of ZRD. NORT and Y-Maze test were performed with scopolamine-induced mice treated with ZBD and ZBE. In NORT, effects of ZBD and ZBE were similar to that of donepezil. In the Y-maze test, performances of ZBD and ZBE-treated mice were similar to that of the normal group. These results suggest that Korean Zingiber mioga R. has potential to be developed into a new functional food for cognition enhancement in the global food market.

Effects of Secondary Task on Driving Performance -Control of Vehicle and Analysis of Motion signal- (동시과제가 운전 수행 능력에 미치는 영향 -차량 통제 및 동작신호 해석을 중심으로-)

  • Mun, Kyung-Ryoul;Choi, Jin-Seung;Kang, Dong-Won;Bang, Yun-Hwan;Kim, Han-Soo;Lee, Su-Jung;Yang, Jae-Woong;Kim, Ji-Hye;Choi, Mi-Hyun;Ji, Doo-Hwan;Min, Byung-Chan;Chung, Soon-Cheol;Taek, Gye-Rae
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.613-620
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task while simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle and smoothness of motion. Fifteen healthy adults having 1~2years driving experience were participated. 9 markers were attached on the subjects' upper(shoulder, elbow, Wrist) and lower(knee, ankle, toe) limbs and all subjects were instructed to keep the 30m distance with the front vehicle running at 80km/hr speed. Sending text message(STM) and searching navigation(SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of driving alone for 1 min and driving with secondary task for 1 min, and was defined driving and cognition blocks respectively. To indicate the effects of secondary task, coefficient of variation of distance between vehicles and lane keeping(APCV and MLCV) and jerk-cost function(JC) were analyzed. APCV was increased by 222.1% in SN block. MLCV was increased by 318.2% in STM and 308.4% in SN. JC were increased at the drivers' elbow, knee, ankle and toe, especially the total mean JC of lower limbs were increased by 218.2% in STM and 294.7% in SN. Conclusively, Performing secondary tasks while driving decreased the smoothness of motion with increased JC and disturbed the control of vehicle with increased APCV and MLCV.

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A Survey of Role Perception and Function Performance Related to Public Health Service among the Medical Staff in a National Hospital (일개 공공병원 종사자의 공공보건의료에 대한 인식과 기능수행에 대한 조사연구)

  • Cho, Young-Hye;Lee, Sang-Yeoup;Jeong, Dong-Wook;Choi, Eun-Jung;Kim, Yun-Jin;Lee, Jeong-Gyu;Go, Yu-Young;Lee, Yu-Hyone;Bae, Mi-Jin;Kim, Chang-Hoon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: While there have recently been efforts to improve public health service at a governmental level, there is actually insufficient research on awareness of the roles related to public health service among hospital employees. This study examined role perception and function performance related to public health service among the medical staff in a national hospital. Methods: 15% were randomly sampled from each type of occupation among the medical staff in a national university hospital, a survey was conducted in 323 persons, and there were a total of 265 participants (80.2%): 103 doctors(38.9%), 98 nurses (37.0%), and 64 others (24.1%). Results: The hospital employees had insufficient awareness of their roles as public health service providers in terms of six required items for public health service: 1) services for supporting establishment, implementation, and assessment of public health service policies, 2) participation in the health service activities and support services by central or local governments, 3) technological support and educational services for private health service institutions, 4) health service for unprivileged brackets, 5) health service that requires association with other areas dealing with geriatric, disabled, and mentally-disordered people, and 6) health service for children and mothers. Conclusions: In general, since the hospital employees had insufficient awareness of their roles and responsibilities as public health service providers, it is necessary to secure manpower exclusively in charge of public health service and provide education about strategic public health service.

Decreased Attention in Narcolepsy Patients is not Related with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (기면병 환자의 주의집중 저하와 주간졸음증 간의 상관관계 부재)

  • Kim, Seog-Ju;Lyoo, In-Kyoon;Lee, Yu-Jin;Lee, Ju-Young;Jeong, Do-Un
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.122-132
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    • 2005
  • Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess cognitive functions and their relationship with sleep symptoms in young narcoleptic patients. Methods: Eighteen young narcolepsy patients and 18 normal controls (age: 17-35 years old) were recruited. All narcolepsy patients had HLA $DQB_1$ *0602 allele and cataplexy. Several important areas of cognition were assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests consisting of 13 tests: executive functions (e.g. cognitive set shifting, inhibition, and selective attention) through Wisconsin card sorting test, Trail Making A/B, Stroop test, Ruff test, Digit Symbol, Controlled Oral Word Association and Boston Naming Test; alertness and sustained attention through paced auditory serial addition test; verbal/nonverbal short-term memory and working memory through Digit Span and Spatial Span; visuospatial memory through Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test; verbal learning and memory through California verbal learning test; and fine motor activity through grooved pegboard test. Sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients were assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale, multiple sleep latency test, and nocturnal polysomnography. Relationship between cognitive functions and sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients was also explored. Results: Compared with normal controls, narcolepsy patients showed poor performance in paced auditory serial addition (2.0 s and 2.4 s), digit symbol tests, and spatial span (forward)(t=3.86, p<0.01; t=-2.47, p=0.02; t=-3.95, p<0.01; t=-2.22, p=0.03, respectively). There were no significant between-group differences in other neuropsychological tests. In addition, results of neuropsychological test in narcolepsy patients were not correlated with Epworth sleepiness scale score, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale score and sleep variables in multiple sleep latency test or nocturnal polysomnography. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that young narcolepsy patients have impaired attention. In addition, impairment of attention in narcolepsy might not be solely due to sleep symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness.

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