• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1986

Influences of pH, temperature, and composition of bath on the deposition rate and the magnetic properties were studied for two kinds of electroless Co-P plating bath. The results obtained are as follows. Ammonia alkaline citrate bath was more stable than ammonia alkaline tartrate bath, and the film deposited from citrate bath gave a higher squareness. The magnetic properties of the film obtained from citrate bath greatly depended upon pH. Under the optimum conditions, the film deposited from citrate bath had coercive force of 330 Oe and squareness of 0.67. However the films deposited from tartrate bath had coercive force of 300 Oe and squareness of 0.58.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.67-69
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• 2004

The $Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3$ thin films were fabricated with $Pb(La,Ti)O_3$ buffers in-situ onto $Pt/Ti/SiO_2/Si$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique using a Nd:YAG laser with energy density of $2.5J/cm^2$, and deposited for 10 minutes at $550^{\circ}C$ of substrate temperature. And then, the films have been annealed at $550^{\circ}C$ in oxygen ambient pressure. The remanent polarization value is increased by using buffer layers but coercive field of films is slightly increased.

• Language and Information
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.116-156
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• 1998

This paper is an HPSG approach to agreement phenomena involving the Korean honorific expressions. it is shown that the theoretical devices developed by the constraint-based theory of HPSG can be fruitfully used to capture the interactions between syntactic constraints and semantic of pragmatic factors in Korean honorific agreement. The HPSG's semantic feature 'referential index' plays a key rele in discribing the multiple interaction. The constraint-based theory of agreement proves successful in accounting for the phenomenon that may be called 'inconsistent' honorific agreement as well as 'consistent' regular honorific usages. However, this paper acknowledges its limit. Recognizing an important distinction between basic and 'coercive' honorific expressions, it is argued that a systactic-semantic-pragmatic approach such as the present one can only be applied to basic honorific agreement. Being sociolinguistic in nature, coercive honorific agreement is perhaps not amenable to formal linguistic investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.762-766
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• 1995

The coercive field $H_{c}$ of amorphous Y-Fe alloys in the spin-glass state has been investigated. Foramorphous $Y_{10}Fe_{90}$ alloy, the thermal variations of $H_{c}$ in the maximum external field $H_{max}=300,\;600$ and 1 k Oe exhibit a maximum. Since spin-glass behavior is strongly affected by external magnetic fields, the maximum point moves to lower temperature with increasing $H_{max}$. The appearance of the maximum in $H_{c}$ has been discussed in terms of the change of the spin-glass state in the external magnetic field. When the value of $H_{max}$ is 55 kOe, the temperature dependence of $H_{c}$ has no maximum and shows an exponential decrease with increasing temperature. Similar trends have been observed over a wide concentration range. The concentration dependence of $H_{c}$ is associated with the magnetic phase diagram.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2016

This study tried to examine how interdependence, communication, and the exercise of power in cosmetics distribution channel would affect satisfaction. In this study we investigated the effects of their communication and the exercise of noncoercive power of department store (or mart). We conducted with managers of the shops which were entered to department store (or mart). 131 copies were collected and 119 copies were used for analysis after the exclusion of 12 copies. Brand image and sales policy influenced satisfaction, but customers were not statistically significant. In addition, communication in distribution path had the moderating effect on the relationship between interdependence and satisfaction, and on the relationship between interdependence and noncoercive power. Sales policy and brand image in the relationship between department store(or mart) and the shops opened inside are critical factors for satisfaction, but customers are highly likely to become a factor with different meaning.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.107-128
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• 2023

International arbitration is a widely preferred alternative dispute resolution mechanism for many desirable characteristics, such as, party autonomy, procedural flexibility, ability of parties to select their arbitrators, as well as, finality of arbitral awards, among others. However, because arbitral tribunals derive their authority and jurisdiction from the parties' agreement(s) to arbitrate their dispute(s), arbitral tribunals lack coercive powers that national courts have. At times, arbitral tribunals have to deal with circumstances of non-production and/or spoliation of evidence, and due to the lack of coercive authority, it may be challenging to compel such recalcitrant parties to produce the relevant evidence and/or witnesses. Therefore, adverse inferences drawn against the recalcitrant parties may be the most effective sanctions. This article explores the sources of authority for arbitral tribunals to make such adverse inferences and argues for a precise set of rules or standard to be consistently applied by the arbitral tribunals in order to increase predictability in arbitral proceedings. Additionally, some of the critical issues when considering adverse inferences as sanctions are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.735-749
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• 2000

The multiplicity if periodic sloutions of semilinear dissipative hyperbolic equations is treated

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.853-881
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• 2001

Multiplicity for doubly-periodic solutions and Dirichlet-Periodic solutions are treated.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 2000

We inserted CoO layer in NiO spin-valves to improve on magnetoresistance and exchange coupling field. The magnetoresistance ratio was increased from 4.5 % to 5.5 % with the increase of CoO thickness. We can not find the dependence between (111) texture and exchange coupling by the measurement of XRD of CoO/NiO spin-valves. The surface roughness of CoO layer, 6.1 $\AA$ is twice more than that of NiO layer, 3.1 $\AA$. The increase of exchange coupling field and coercive field in the CoO/NiO spin-valves will be due to increasing roughness. We prepared the NiO/CoO/NiO/CoO/NiO spin-valves to reduce coercive field and the coercive field decreased from 110 Oe to 50 Oe, and the coupling field is not changed from 70 Oe.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.235-249
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• 2010

The study examined the moderating role of fearfulness on the relation between parental discipline styles and preschoolers' conscience. It also investigated the relationship between parental discipline styles and conscience and the relationship between a child's fearfulness and conscience. A sample of 250 parents of children aged between three and six (126 boys and 124 girls) completed the questionnaires on parental discipline style, preschoolers' conscience, and their fearfulness. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that young children displayed greater actions of reparation and apology when mothers did not neglect and practiced reasoning. The more coercive punishment mothers practiced, the less internalized conduct children showed. In addition, the neglecting discipline style of fathers and the reasoning style of mothers had a significant negative and positive influence, respectively, on children's guilt. The results also showed that fearfulness of children had significant positive effects on their actions of reparation and apology and guilt. Finally, fearfulness moderated influences of mothers' coercive punishment on actions of reparation and apology and fathers' reasoning on internalized conducts. Only fearful children showed not only more actions of reparation and apology when fathers had coercive discipline style but also more internalized behavior when mothers had reasoning discipline style. These results emphasize mutual influences between parental roles and children's personal traits on conscience development in early childhood.