• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonal characteristics of metallic and ion elements of $PM_{10}$(Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ${\leq}10\;{\mu}m$) and the effects of vessels exhaust emission from ships harboring in Busan City. The $PM_{10}$ samples were collected from January 2010 to October 2010 at Dongsam-dong(coastal area), in Busan City. The particulate matters were analyzed for major water soluble ionic components and metals. The ranges of the $PM_{10}$ mass concentrations were from 29.8 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 47.0 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in Dongsam-dong. The $PM_{10}$ mass concentrations in Dongsam-dong are very similar to Gwangbok-dong during same sampling periods. These results were understood by the effects of the shipping source emitted from ships anchoraging and running. The concentrations of water-soluble ions and metals in the $PM_{10}$ had a level of as high as the order of $SO_4^{2-}$>$NO_3^-$>$Cl^-$ and $NH_4^+$>$Na^+$>$Ca^{2+}$>$K^+$>$Mg^{2+}$, respectively. The correlation coefficients($R^2$) for $SO_4^{2-}/PM_{10}$ and $NH_4^+/PM_{10}$ of were 0.7446 and 0.7784, respectively, and it showed the high correlation with each other.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.454-459
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• 2006

A simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography assay method for amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish products was developed, evaluated, and validated by monitoring these antibiotics in fish samples obtained from aquaculture and distribution. The recovery rate of this method was higher than those of conventional methods and was 95.3-106.6% for amoxicillin and 81.4-92.4% for ampicillin. Our pretreatment procedure sufficiently removed or reduced materials affecting HPLC analysis, such as low-molecular-weight substances. The performance limit of this method was evaluated as 0.01 ppm of amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish muscle. Finally, 171 fish samples, including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), common sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), and black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli) collected from fish farms in the coastal area between April and September 2005 were analyzed to evaluate the overall efficiency of the method and to monitor the actual of amoxicillin and ampicillin usage in fish farms. The results indicated that the developed method was suitable for analyzing amoxicillin and ampicillin in fish muscle, and determined that those antibiotics were being used for fish farming but were not detected in fish samples during the shipping and distribution stages.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.513-518
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• 2009

항만 및 연안 해역에서의 사고를 미연에 방지하고, 사고 발생 시에 해양환경피해를 최소화하기 위한 목적으로 다양한 해상 교통관련 정보시스템들이 운영 중에 있다. 그러나 이러한 시스템들은 설치 목적별로 또는 제작사별로 독립적으로 관리 운영되고 있어서 각 시스템별 생성 정보가 다양한 형태로 존재하는 등 상호 정보 교환이 힘든 폐쇄적인 구조로 되어 있다. 해상에서의 안전 증진을 위해서는 이러한 시스템들간의 상호 효율적 정보 교환이 필요하며 이를 통하여 해양사고 발생 시에 입체적 종합적인 대응체계가 필요하지만 현재의 시스템간 정보교환 구조로는 급증하는 해양사고에 효율적으로 대응하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 각각의 해양안전 관련시스템에서 사용되는 정보를 효율적, 유기적, 능동적으로 상호 연계하여 사용하기 위한 데이터 표준 및 교환 방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2006

Fluoroquinoles have a wide range of antimicrobial properties and are effective in the treatment of bacterial diseases in fish. The use of fluoroquinoles continues to grow steadily. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are probably the most important class used among synthetic antibiotics in human and veterinary medicines because of their broad activity spectrum and good oral absorption. This study was conducted to estimate the residue of antibiotics in four species of farmed fishes, including olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major), and sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), collected from fish farms located in the southern coastal area of Korea. The residues of fluoroquinolones were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Residuals of five fluoroquinolones in muscle tissue of farmed fish were analyzed. We found that enrofloxacin was the most common agent in fish muscle, and that ciprofloxacin was the next most common. The range of detected concentrations of fluoroquinolones in olive flounder muscle was 0-0.859 mg/kg in 32.6% of all samples. Enrofloxacin was commonly detected in sea bass muscle at a range of 0-0.143 mg/kg in 38.9% of all samples. Fluoroquinolones were detected in 6.9% of black rock fish muscle and in 16.6% of sea bream, although the detected concentration was below 0.01 mg/kg. The maximum detection value of enrofloxacin and ofloxacin in olive flounder at the time of shipping was 0.102 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively; no other antimicrobials were detected. We detected no antimicrobial substances in red sea bream.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

We diagnosed on status and problems of environmental assessment regarding development of offshore wind power, and also on reasonable core assessment items. Most of the coastal wind power are located on the western coastline of Korea and Jeju Island. In the selections of the site for the offshore wind farms, a previous investigations should be conducted with regard to distances from the land, stabilities from external forces (tide, wave, etc.) and topographical changes, and characteristics of the surroundings (distributions of protected area, fishing ground, artificial seagrasses, and shipping traffic). It is needed to assess dispersion of suspended solids, changes of the sea bottom, and impacts on fisheries resources and fishing activities under construction of offshore wind power. Furthermore, the responses of marine organisms to noise and vibration, impacts by electromagnetic fields, impacts on sea birds, hindrances to sea lane routes, and damaged scenery and marine protection areas are thoroughly assessed during operation processes. The consultation criteria in case of development of offshore wind farm is adjusted by focusing marine environmental impact assessment.

• Strategy21
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• 통권43호
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• pp.29-55
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• 2018

Arctic sea ice has been retreating as a result of the global warming. Arctic sea ice extent for April 2018 averaged 13.71 million square kilometers. This figure shows far less sea ice compared to the average extent from 1981 to 2010. Meanwhile, 287 times of maritime transits through the Northwest Passage have been made during the 2017 and the first ship traversed the Northern Sea Route without the assistant of ice-breaker in August 2017. Commercialization of the Arctic Passage means significant economic and strategic advantages by shortening the distance. In this article, 'Arctic Passage' means Northern Sea Route along the Arctic coast of Russia and Northwest Passage crossing Canadian Arctic Ocean. As climate changes, the potential feasibility of the Arctic Passage has been drawing international attention. Since navigation in this area remains hazardous in some aspects, IMO adopted Polar Code to promote safe, secure and sustainable shipping through the Arctic Passage. Futhermore, Russia and Canada regulate foreign vessels over the maritime zones with the authority to unilaterally exercise jurisdiction pursuant to the Article 234 of UNCLOS. The dispute over the navigation regime of the arctic passage materialized with Russia proclaimed Dmitrii Laptev and Sannikov Straits as historically belong to U.S.S.R. in the mid 1960s and Canada declared that the waters of the passage are historic internal waters in 1973 for the first time. So as to support their claims, In 1985, Russia and Canada established straight baseline including Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage. The United States has consistently protested that the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage are straits used for international navigation which are subject to the regime of transit passage. Firstly, it seems that Russia and Canada do not meet the basic requirements for acquiring a historic title. Secondly, since the Law of the Sea had adopted before the establishment of straight baseline over the Russian Arctic Archipelago and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Ships can exercise at least the right of innocent passage. Lastly, Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage have fulfilled the both geographical and functional criteria pertaining to the strait used for international navigation under the international law. Especially, should the arctic passage become commercially viable, it can be expected to accumulate the functional criterion. Russia and Canada regulate the ships navigate in their maritime zones by adopting the higher degree of an environmental standard than generally accepted international rules and standard mainly under the Article 234 of UNCLOS. However, the Article 234 must be interpreted restrictively as this contains constraint on the freedom of navigation. Thus, it is reasonable to consider that the Article 234 is limited only to the EEZ of coastal states. Therefore, ships navigating in the Arctic Passage with the legal status of the territorial sea and the international straits under the law of the sea have the right of innocent passage and transit passage as usual.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-161
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 국내 외 전환교통의 추진실태의 분석과 시사점을 토대로 한국에서 전환교통을 수립하기 위한 기본정책방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 중요한 연구내용은 전환교통정책의 이론적 고찰, 국내 외 전환교통실태와 정책분석, 한국의 전환교통정책의 수립방향 등을 포함하고 있다. 전환교통(modal shift)은 여객 또는 화물을 운송하는 데서 운송수단을 화물차에서 철도 또는 선박으로 전환하는 것이다. 전환교통은 범세계적인 환경규제의 시대에 친환경 물류체계를 달성할 수 있는 중요한 정책수단이다. 한국에서 기존 전환교통정책은 대상화물의 선정, 지원금의 지급대상과 산정기준 등에서 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 선진 외국의 전환교통정책을 살펴보면, 전환교통정책방향의 명확화, 실천 가능한 정책목표의 설정, 전환교통의 간접지원 강화 등의 시사점이 발견된다. 따라서 한국에서 전환교통정책을 활성화시키기 위해서는 정책의 수립단계부터 계획과 관리 측면에서 정책방향을 강구하는 것이 중요하다. 계획 측면의 전환교통정책의 수립방향은 전환교통정책 수립방향의 명확화, 운송수단별 사회적 비용 등 기초연구의 실시 및 철도시설정비방향의 설정 등으로 제시되고 있다. 한편 관리 측면에서 전환교통정책의 수립방향은 도로운송 지원정책과의 사전 상호조정 및 전환교통 대상화물의 전략적 관리 등으로 확인되어진다. 본 연구는 학술적인 정책연구의 특성이 강하다. 그래서 전환교통정책을 수립하는 데필요한 기본이론을 제공하며, 정책수립의 중요한 기본방향을 강구하는 데 연구의의가 있다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.29-51
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 국제해사기구(IMO)의 배출규제해역(ECA) 시행에 따른 환경규제가 페리 선사들의 재무지표로 구성된 효율성에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 실증적으로 분석하는데 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 2004년부터 2017년 까지 북유럽, 지중해, 북미 지역의 8개 페리선사의 재무데이터를 수집하여, ECA가 페리선사의 재무성과에 미친 영향을 효율성의 관점에서 지역별로 추정하였다. 방법론적 측면에서 본 연구의 학술적 기여는 다음과 같다. DEA의 자의적인 변수 선정 문제를 완화하기 위하여 Dyson et al.(2001)이 제시한 변수 선정 기준을 적용했으며, Network SBM DEA 모형을 통하여 기업의 규모를 고려하는 동시에 기업의 수익 창출 과정을 단계별로 구분하여 재무성과를 보다 세밀하게 측정하였다. 또한 BTR 모형을 적용하여 편의(Bias)를 최소화한 결과를 도출하였다. 연구 결과 가장 강한 규제를 받았던 북유럽 선사의 경우 오히려 효율성의 꾸준한 증가가 관측되었다. 북미지역 선사들의 경우 정부지원금이 효율성에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 드러났으며, 상대적으로 ECA와 유가에 의한 영향은 적었던 것으로 관측되었다. 반면 지중해 지역의 경우 가장 낮은 수준의 규제를 받았음에도 불구하고, 규제 이후로 효율성 값이 낮아지는 모습이 관측되었다. 본 연구는 향후 ECA가 확대될 예정인 아시아의 페리선사와 정책당국에 의사결정의 참고자료로서 기능할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.