• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2014

On December of 2003, IMO's $23^{rd}$ Assembly discussed 'Guidelines on places of refuge for ships in need of assistance' At the discussion, Res. A.949(23) has been selected to appoint recommended place of refuge for countries signatory to the IMO Convention. IMO defines "Places of Refuge" as a places where a ship in need of assistance can take action to enable it to stabilize its condition and reduce the hazards to navigation, and to protect human life and the environment. Appointing and managing a Place of refuge can be a delicate problem because of its close connection to each country's coastal and environmental protection policies. However, in case of marine accident, the appointment or management of the place of refuge has a potential to avoid further damage and reduce to the minimum any environmental and estate losses. Currently a number of foreign countries, designated and operated a place of refuge. But, place of refuge selected method criteria were different by country and also does not have any standardized designating place of refuge model. Therefor, this study suggested the model of assigned places of refuge according to objective indication in order to assign reasonable and efficient places of refuge in domestic waters in the future by investigating and analyzing imported facts in considering the assignment of places of refuge in foreign countries and describing these imported data into quantitative value. In designating the model place of refuge, the final place of refuge location was presented by evaluating the probability of marine accidents, analyzing the location, and evaluating the supporting establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.493-500
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• 2012

The previous geoid model developed in early 2000s shows 14cm level of precision due to the problems on distribution, and quality of the land gravity and GPS/Leveling data. From 2007, the new land and airborne gravity data as well as GPS/Leveling data having high quality and regular distribution has been obtained. In 2011, a new gravimetric geoid model has been constructed with precision of 5.29cm which was improved about 27% comparing to the previous model. However, much more land gravity data has been collected at the control point, bench marks and triangulation points since 2010. Also, GPS/Leveling data having 10km spacing over whole country has been obtained through the project which is for the construction of new control points. In this study, new gravimetric geoid has been calculated based on the all available gravity data up to present. The geoid height shows the range from 18.05m to 32.70m over whole country and its precision is 5.76cm. The degree of fit and precision of hybrid geoid model are 3.60cm and 4.06cm, respectively. At the end, 3.35cm of the relative precision in 15km baseline has been calculated to confirm its practical usage. Especially, it has been founded that regional bias occurred at the Kangwon and coastal area due to problems on the leveling data. Also, some inland points show inconsistent large difference which needs to be verified by analyzing the unified control points results.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

Surveys of radioactive contamination were performed for imported foodstuffs in 2003. The following samples among imported foodstuffs were selected from markets and Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA); the imported samples from country associated with the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the samples produced around the nuclear power plants or nuclear tests, the foodstuffs reported as radioacitive contamination materials in foreign country. After pretreatments such as drying and homogenization, samples were analyzed. The $^{137}Cs$ radionuclide was only measured among the regulation radionuclides($^{137}Cs,\;^{134}Cs,\;^{131}I$) of food code. All foodstuffs except Inonotus Obliquus(Chaga mushooms) are less than 17.0 Bq/kg or below the minimum detectable activity(MDA). The activity concentrations of Chaga mushrooms from Russia ranged up to 131.25 Bq/ltg which is almost 35 % of the maximum permitted level of food code. The fraction of imported foodstuffs having meaningful radioactivity is small, however, the radioactive contamination survey of imported foodstuffs is still needed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-148
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• 2009

In 2006, the share of fisheries distribution in Busan amounted to 1.9 million ton, which was 41 percent of the whole country. In details, coastal fishery 334 thousand ton(14% of the whole country), deep sea fishery 452 thousand ton(82%), import fishery 964 thousand ton(70%), export fishery 157 thousand ton(43%) were distributed in Busan region, respectively. Recently, the share of fisheries sale through e-commerce is increasing owing to the growth of IT and competitive price of its products. and the sale share of large discount store is also on the 10% more increase owing to the effectiveness of distribution structure. Hereafter these structure changes of fisheries distribution in Busan will be more intensified. Therefore, after reflecting the change in distribution policy of Busan Fisheries, the directions of distribution policy should be established, as follows. Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of sales ratio in large discount store

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1169-1178
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• 2022

This study examines an effective operational plan of a maritime safety enforcement task that is distributed in the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and the Korea Coast Guard for maritime safety. Considering the sinking of the MV Sewol and Seohae vessels and the MV Hebei Spirit oil spill, normally marine safety accidents tend to not only damage human life, property, and marine environment but can also expand to disasters; therefore, precautionary measures are required. However, the Korean government takes superficial efforts in case of large-scale accidents. In case of the MV Sewol ferry, the government only focused on punishing the officials involved as a follow up and never mentioned any effective plan, such as "unification of maritime safety enforcement," in contrast to an advanced country. As a result, there are endless major and minor backward accidents. The probability of large-scale maritime accidents and backwardness accidents is increasing owing to vessels becoming large sized, high speed, and aged; sailors being unqualified; port traffic increase, development of marine leisure; and inefficiency dual marine safety systems. Therefore, based on the review of previous studies related to maritime safety, major advanced country's cases, and unified case of the vessel traffic service, this study suggests effective methods such as coastal vessel safety management, port state control and aid to navigation management, which are directly connected with maritime safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2000

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(hereinafter referred as "the Law") adopted in 1982 was enacted on November 16, 1994. South Korea, China, and Japan signed and ratified the Law, respectively. These three countries announced their domestic laws relating to Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) with reserving their applications. The enactment of the Law and announcement of EEZ inevitably brought new order on the seas. The New Fishery Agreement based on the Law with EEZ was concluded between South Korea and Japan and ratified by each country′s parliament. Another New Fishery Agreement between South Korea and China is also going to be concluded in near future. The New Fishery Agreements, however, do not include regulations relating to the marine scientific research, the protection of the marine environment, and so forth, which are essential for the States to fully implement the Law According to the New Fishery Agreements, it is impossible for the Coastal States to excercise their jurisdiction. Because the agreement of delimitation ocean boundaries among the three countries are not easy to settle, provisional agreements can only be concluded. Thus, many problems including the sovereignty over Dok-do between South Korea and Japan and delimitation of EEZ between South Korea and China can be arose anytime. This paper investigates the problems and possible counter measures in legal excercise on the seas by South Korean Government. The above mentioned problems introduced by the New Fishery Agreements include potential problems in the Middle Sea Zone, Provisional Zone, and so forth. In this paper, only the legal aspect of the Zones will be discussed excluding the law enforcement and the economic aspect of the Zones.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2008

Fishborne zoonotic metacercariae have not been reported from brackish water and marine fish from Vietnam waters although these parasites are common in the country's freshwater fish. Both wild-caught and cultured grouper (Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus bleekeri), and mullet (Mugil cephalus) from brackish and marine waters located in Khanh Hoa province in central coastal Vietnam were examined, and found positive for zoonotic trematode metacercariae. From grouper, Heterophyopsis continua and Procerovum varium were recovered. The prevalence of H. continua ranged from 2.0 to 6.0% and that for P. varium ranged from 11.6 to 15.8%. Mullet were infected with Pygidiopsis summa and H. continua; both of these species are new records for Vietnam. The prevalence of P. summa in mullet was generally high, ranging from 17.6 to 75.5%, and was significantly higher than the prevalence of H. continua (2.5 to 32.4%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of metacercariae between grouper from natural or cultured habitats, indicating that the highest risk of infection occurs in the wild-caught state prior to their placement in culture. Further, there was no difference in metacercarial prevalence between the 2 species of grouper. Infected wild-caught seed were only observed from January to October. Monthly variation in prevalence suggests seasonal variation in mullet infections occurs in this region with the highest transmission taking place from October to December. Basic investigations on the ecology and epidemiology of these intestinal flukes need to be carried out to determine their significance as a public health problem and the aspects of their biology that may be vulnerable to control interventions.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.73-79
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• 2004

When large-scale oil spill happens, it will put the fatal impact on the ecosystem, ultimately harm human being seriously. Accordingly every coastal country invests to improve response technologies, of which oil removal by use of bioremediation agent is taken to be secondary or alternative cleanup method in a specific spilled area In this regards, the author attempts to find out the efficiency and effectiveness of bioremediation agent to oil slick by laboratory experiment as well as the possibility of bioremediation application to future spill accident and gets the some results. In this study, the effectiveness and efficiency of bioremediation agent to oil slick is examined by short-term laboratory test and it is found that bioremediation agent am degrade oils effectively. however, considering the environment c! spill site is quite different from that of lab, the author will carry on the on-scene test of bioremediation for longer period to look into the possibility of biorediation agent as one of oil spill response methods.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

The systematic criteria and rational standard for site selection of marine recreational floating architecture are in urgently need in respect of structural safety, use of facilities, economics of construction and management, relationship with surrounding areas or cities and impact on marine environment. Nevertheless, at present, there is not any study nor guideline for site selection of marine recreational floating architecture which is now being planned and elected at many places of a body of water such as river or coastal area all over the country. Therefore this study is to propose a systematic process and a rational criteria and guideline for site selection of marine recreational floating architecture. Especially the results are suggested in forms of diagrams and tables in order to be utilized so easily by related local governments and individual enterprises.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 1985

The dispute on the object of study in the business management have been carried out since 1912 in Germany, and then it is the situation of "business management" academic world there is no the confirmed object. But P. F. Drucker has prescribed the large enterprise as the object of his study of management, because the large enterprise it the decisive, the representative, and constitutive in modern industrial country. And it is usual that we would consider the large manufacturing enterprise as the object of study. But, in fisheries management, because large fisheries enterprises are almost attached too much to the pelagic fisheries, it is judged that they are not "decisive". And it is judged that they are not "representative", because the large fisheries enterprises can not sufficiently symbolize the managerial characteristic of fisheries industry. The coastal and inshore fisheries which constitute th real part of fishing industry have been operating by private enterprises which are small business in scale, so the large fisheries enterprises could not be considered "constitutive " Therefore, the private fisheries enterprises is "decisive" because it is distributed in all most fisheries management, "representative" because it is exceedingly symbolize the managerial characteristic of fishing industry, and constitutive because it constitute the real part of fisheries industry. From the above-mentioned, it could be concluded that the object of study is regarded the private fisheries enterprise as appropriate as long as it is engaging in producing fisheries product as good and conducts the pursuit of principle of profit maximization. Because the object of study can not include all the thing which has to be observed in order to study, the materialization of the object is actually necessary. And then as aforesaid we intend to realize the materialization through taking the private fisheries enterprise as the object in fisheries management theory. And the materialization does mean a necessary process in choosing the object of analysis, but not the entity itself.choosing the object of analysis, but not the entity itself.