• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.403-417
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• 1995

1970년대 초반에 한국의 원자력 발전소 계획이 시작된 반면, 미국에서는 1970년대 후반 이래로 신규원자력 발전소 건설은 실질적으로 중단되었다. 신규 발전소 건설 현황을 고려해 보면, 발전소가 원자력과 화력의 적절한 조합에서, 모두 화력 발전소로 옮겨가는 것으로 보인다. 그렇지만, 천연자원의 고갈이라는 관점에서, 경쟁관계인 두 발전소를 투입된 에너지의 측면에서 고찰하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 원자력과 화력의 두 발전소를 에너지 투자의 측면에서 비교 분석하였다. 비교 방법은 순에너지분석(NEA)이다. 그러한 분석을 통하여 산업체와 상품들에 대한 입력-출력 분석(IOA)을 수행하였다. 이러한 정보를 이용하여 순에너지비율(net energy ratio)을 계산하고 비교하였다. 한국의 자료가 불충분하기 때문에 미국의 발전소를 대상으로 NEA를 수행하였다. 순에너지분석이 결론적인 해답을 주지는 못하지만, 이 방법은 의사 결정 과정중의 제거절차(screening process)로 쓰일 수 있다. 에너지 계통을 고려할 때, 이러한 분석 결과는 일반적인 지침으로 사용될 수 있다. 이러한 분석은 다른 계통의 에너지사용에 대한 고찰을 하는 데도 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2016

Coals and coal ashes, raw materials and by-products, in coal-fired power plants contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). They may give rise to internal exposure to workers due to inhalation of airborne particulates containing radioactive materials. It is necessary to characterize radioactivity concentrations of the materials for assessment of radiation dose to the workers. The objective of the present study was to analyze radioactivity concentrations of coals and by-products at four coal-fired plants in Korea. High purity germanium detector was employed for analysis of uranium series, thorium series, and potassium 40 in the materials. Radioactivity concentrations of $^{226}Ra$, $^{228}Ra$, and $^{40}K$ were $2{\sim}53Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $3{\sim}64Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $14{\sim}431Bq\;kg^{-1}$ respectively in coal samples. For coal ashes, the radioactivity concentrations were $77{\sim}133Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $77{\sim}105Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $252{\sim}372Bq\;kg^{-1}$ in fly ash samples and $54{\sim}91Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $46{\sim}83Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $205{\sim}462Bq\;kg^{-1}$ in bottom ash samples. For flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, the radioactivity concentrations were $3{\sim}5Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $2{\sim}3Bq\;kg^{-1}$, and $22{\sim}47Bq\;kg^{-1}$. Radioactivity was enhanced in coal ash compared with coal due to combustion of organic matters in the coal. Radioactivity enhancement factors for $^{226}Ra$, $^{228}Ra$, and $^{40}K$ were 2.1~11.3, 2.0~13.1, and 1.4~7.4 for fly ash and 2.0~9.2, 2.0~10.0, 1.9~7.7 for bottom ash. The database established in this study can be used as basic data for internal dose assessment of workers at coal-fired power plants. In addition, the findings can be used as a basic data for development of safety standard and guide of Natural Radiation Safety Management Act.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.37-40
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• 2014

Capturing the carbon dioxide emitted from coal-fired power plants will be necessary if targeted reduction in carbon emissions is to be achieved. Modelling and simulation are the base for optimal operation and control in thermal power plant and also play an important role in energy savings. This study aims to analyze the performance of supercritical coal fired power plant through steady and dynamic simulation using a commercial software gCCS. A whole power plant has been modeled and validated with design data of 500 MWe power plant, base and part load operations of the plant were also evaluated, consequently it had been proven that the simulated result had a good agreement with actual operating data. In addition, the effect of co-firng on the plant efficiency and flue gases were investigated using gCCS simulator.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2007

Since the Kyoto Protocol became into effect, Korea has been expected to be part of the Annex I countries performing the duty of GHG reduction in the phase of post-Kyoto. Therefore, it is necessary to develop emission factors appropriate to Korean circumstances. In order to develop emission factors this study utilized the CleanSYS, which is the real-time monitoring system for industrial smoke stacks to calculate the emission rate of $CO_2$ continuously. In this study, the main focus was on the power generation plants emitting the largest amount of $CO_2$ among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion. Also, an examination on the comparison of $CO_2$ emission was made among 3 generation plants using the different types of fuels such as bituminous coal and LNG; one for coal and others for LNG. The $CO_2$ concentration of the coal fired plant showed Ave. 13.85 %(10,384 ton/day). The LNG fired plants showed 3.16 %(1,031 ton/day) and 3.19 %(1,209 ton/day), respectably. Consequently, by calculating the emission factors using the above results, it was found that the bituminous coal fired power plant had the $CO_2$ emission factor average of 88,726 kg/TJ, and the LNG fired power plants had the $CO_2$ average emission factors of 56,971 kg/TJ and 55,012 kg/TJ respectably which were similar to the IPCC emission factor.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

Air pollutants emitted from chimneys of coal-fired power plants are considered to be a major source of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere. In order to manage fine particle in the chimney of a coal-fired power plant, it is necessary to know the concentration of fine particle emitted in real time, but the current system is difficult. In this study, a real-time measurement system for chimney fine particle was developed, and measurements were performed on six coal-fired power plants. Through the measurements, the mass concentration distribution according to the particle size could be secured. All six chimneys showed bimodal distribution, and the count median diameters of each mode were 0.5 and 1.1 ㎛. In addition, it was compared with the gravimetric measurement method, and it was determined that the relative accuracy for PM10 was within 20%, and the value measured using the developed measuring instrument was reliable. Finally, three power plants were continuously measured for one month, and as a result of comparing the concentration of PM10 according to the amount of power generation, it was confirmed that the PM10 discharged from the chimney increased in the form of an exponential function according to the amount of power generation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2011

An IGCC was evaluated as one of the next generation technologies that would be able to substitute for coal-fired power plants. According to "The 4th Basic Plan of Long-term Electricity Supply & Demand" which is developed by the Electricity Business Acts, the first IGCC will be operated at 2015. Like other new and renewable energy such as solar PV, Fuel cell, The IGCC is considered as non-competitive generation technology because it is not maturity technology. Before the commercial operation of an IGCC in our electricity market, its economic feasibility under the Korean electricity market, which is cost-based trading system, is studied to find out institutional support system. The results of feasibility summarized that under the current electricity trading system, if the IGCC is considered like a conventional plant such as nuclear or coal-fired power plants, it will not be expected that its investment will be recouped within life-time. The reason is that the availability of an IGCC will plummet since 2016 when several nuclear and coal-fired power plants will be constructed additionally. To ensure the reasonable return on investment (NPV>0 IRR>Discount rate), the availability of IGCC should be higher than 77%. To do so, the current electricity trading system is amended that the IGCC generator must be considered as renewable generators to set up Price Setting Schedule and it should be considered as pick load generators, not Genco's coal fired-generators, in the Settlement Payment.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2019

경남에 소재하는 삼천포 및 하동 석탄 화력발전소 인근 농경지 토양을 대상으로 중금속 함량을 측정하였다. 삼천포지역 48개, 하동 지역 61개의 표토 및 심토를 대상으로 분석한 결과, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn는 모두 토양오염 우려기준 미만으로 나타났으나 Cd는 삼천포 38개, 하동 13개 시료에서 우려기준을 초과하였다. 지질부하지수와 농축계수를 구한 결과 Cd는 높은 오염도를 보였으며 Cd와 Pb는 인위적 오염원에 의한 토양 내 농축인 것으로 보인다. 그러나 연속추출을 통해 중금속의 존재형태를 규명한 결과 Cd를 포함한 토양 내 중금속들은 대부분 용출 가능성이 매우 적은 형태로 존재하여 생물이용도가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 석탄 화력발전소 인근 토양이 인위적인 요인으로 인해 Cd로 오염되었으나 인근 생태계로 유입될 가능성은 낮음을 의미한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1333-1339
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• 2017

Coal-fired power plants emit various Particulate Matter(PM) at coal storage pile and ash landfill as well as the stack, and affect the surrounding environment. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyzer(FE-SEM/EDX) were used to develop identification factor and the physico-chemical analysis of PM emitted from a power plant. In this study, three samples of pulverized coal, bottom ash, and fly ash were analyzed. The pulverized coal was spherical particles in shape and the chemical composition of C-O-Si-Al and C/Si and C/Al ratios were 200~300 on average. The bottom ash was spherical or non-spherical particles in shape, chemical composition was O-C-Si-Al-Fe-Ca and C/Si and C/Al ratios were $4.3{\pm}4.6$ and $8.8{\pm}10.0$. The fly ash was spherical particles in shape, chemical composition was O-Si-Ai-C-Fe-Ca and C/Si and C/Al ratios were $0.5{\pm}0.2$ and $0.8{\pm}0.5$.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2021

최근 미세먼지 등 대기환경 문제가 국가적 이슈로 급부상 하고있는 추세이며 특히 석탄화력발전소에 대한 강도높은 환경규제치가 적용되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 석탄화력발전소 주요 대기오염 배출물질인 황산화물과 먼지 제거를 위한 탈황설비 성능개선 사례에 대해 소개하고 있으며 현재 운영중인 1,000 MW 발전소의 성능개선을 위한 네가지 Case Study를 수행하고 공사를 하였다. 탈황설비 흡수탑 개조를 통해 액기비를 증대시켰으며 산화공기 유량을 증대시켜 기액 반응을 촉진하였다. 또한 가스가스히터 누설률을 개선하여 최종 탈황설비 효율을 향상시켰다. 기존 설비와 조화를 고려한 성능개선 공사를 통해 2023년부터 적용될 규제치(황산화물 25ppm, 먼지 5mg/Sm³)를 만족할 것으로 예상되며 타 화력발전소에 검토 및 적용하는데 참고될 수 있다고 기대된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.472-486
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• 2015

국내 석탄화력발전소에서는 매년 800만 톤 이상의 석탄회가 배출되고 있으며, 이에 대한 최종적인 처리는 현재 약 70% 수준의 재활용, 그리고 해안 회처리장을 통해 매립 처리하고 있다. 그러나 실질적으로 개별 발전시설의 회처리장마다 수년 내에 만지(포화) 시기의 도래가 예상되며, 석탄회처리장 건설로 인한 환경영향에 대한 우려로 신규 확보도 어려운 상황이다. 향후 "제7차 전력수급기본계획"을 반영하여 추가적으로 건설될 석탄화력 발전시설을 고려했을 때(2020년 기준 1,000만 톤 배출 예상), 회처리장의 신규조성이 불가피하다. 그러나 회처리장 조성으로 인해 기존의 양호한 자연해안지역이 훼손되는 문제가 우려될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석탄회로 인한 환경영향을 최소화하기 위해, 근본적으로 추가적인 석탄화력 발전시설과 회처리장의 건설을 줄여나가고 더불어 배출된 석탄회의 유효이용 및 재활용 활성화를 위한 정책적 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.