• World Technopolis Review
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2017

In this increasingly globalised and rapidly-changing world, the various challenges that can arise are also increasingly globalised and complex. These may range from economic, environmental, societal or even demographic challenges. Solutions should therefore be applicable world-wide, but they need to be properly adapted to the specifications and needs at the regional and country level. This implies that past models of centralised innovation can be progressively substituted by new approaches based on openness and strategic collaboration between the various players involved. There are various models of openness and collaboration in research, development and innovation creating scientific networks at different levels. This paper is designed in a way to present the concept of smart specialisation and clusters and how they are linked and contribute to the support of Smart Specialisation Strategy in the Asian countries. The following paragraphs describe how smart specialisation is applied and the importance of clusters in developing a S3 strategy. In addition, the status of cluster policies in Asia as well as the steps towards S3 are also presented. The status of cluster policies and their steps towards S3 policies in Asia are described. The approach of China to adopt S3 in their R&I policy is also presented. The scope of this paper, is to demonstrate the policy framework of cluster and S3 policies in the region of Asia and how they are applied. China has been further analysed as a case, since they are more active in applying such policies.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2016

산사태 자료에서 환경변수들이 산사태 발생 위험에 어떻게 영향을 주는지 분석하기 위해 현재까지 비동질적 포아송 과정 모형이 주로 사용되어 왔다. 그렇지만, 이 모형은 산사태 자료에서 쉽게 관측되는 산사태 위치의 군집 현상에 대해 설명하지 못한다. 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위해 우리는 코시 군집 과정을 사용할 것을 제안한다. 그리고, 제안된 방법이 실제 산사태 자료에서 얼마나 모형의 적합도를 개선시키는지 K-함수의 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 또한, 코시 군집 과정의 모수 추론을 위해 제안된 다양한 추정 방법의 성능을 비교하기 위해 시뮬레이션 연구를 진행하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2011

This paper presents a new Internet-based computational framework for the realistic simulation of multi-scale response of structural systems. Two levels of parallel processing are involved in this frame work: multiple local distributed computing environments connected by the Internet to form a cluster-to-cluster distributed computing environment. To utilize such a computing environment for a realistic simulation, the simulation task of a structural system has been separated into a simulation of a simplified global model in association with several detailed component models using various scales. These related multi-scale simulation tasks are distributed amongst clusters and connected to form a multi-level hierarchy. The Internet is used to coordinate geographically distributed simulation tasks. This paper also presents the development of a software framework that can support the multi-level hierarchical simulation approach, in a cluster-to-cluster distributed computing environment. The architectural design of the program also allows the integration of several multi-scale models to be clients and servers under a single platform. Such integration can combine geographically distributed computing resources to produce realistic simulations of structural systems.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2019

Not all stars in the Universe are gravitationally bounded to galaxies. Since first discovered in 1951, observations have revealed that a significant fraction of stars fills the space between galaxies in local (low-redshift) galaxy clusters, observed as diffuse intracluster light (ICL). Theoretical models provide mechanisms for the production of intracluster stars as tidally stripped material or debris generated through numerous galaxy interactions during the hierarchical growth of the galaxy cluster. These mechanisms predict that most intracluster stars in local galaxy clusters are long-accumulated material since z~1. However, there is no observational evidence to verify this prediction. Here we report observations of abundant ICL for a massive (above $10^{14}$ solar masses) galaxy cluster at a redshift of z=1.24, when the Universe was 5 billion years old. We found that more than 10 per cent of the total light of the cluster is contributed by the diffuse ICL out to 110 kpc from the center of the cluster, comparable to 5-20 per cent in local, massive galaxy cluster. Furthermore, we found that the colour of the brightest cluster galaxy located in the core of the cluster is consistent with that of the ICL out to 200 kpc. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the intracluster stars present in the local Universe, contrary to most previous theoretical and observational studies, were built up during a short period and early (z>1) in the history of the Virgo-like massive galaxy cluster formation, and might be concurrent with the formation of the brightest cluster galaxy.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2000

In this research report, we are presenting several optimization models for cognitive systems by using stimulus-response matrix (S-R Matrix). Stimulus-response matrices are widely used for tabulating results from various experiments and cognition systems design in which the recognition and confusability of stimuli. This paper is relevant to analyze the optimization/mathematical programming models. The weakness and restrictions of the existing models are resolved by generalization considering average confusion of each subset of stimuli. Also, clustering strategies are used in the extended model to obtain centers of cluster in terms of minimal confusion as well as the character of each cluster.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 1997

실리카 표면 수산기를 나타내는 분자모델에 대해 CNDO/2계산을 수행하여 Wiberg결합차수, 전체에너지, LUMO에너지, 쌍극자모멘트 및 형식전하를 얻었다. 제안된 모델들의 Br${\ddot{o}}$nsted산성도는 Wiberg결합차수를 이용하여 서술하였다. 계산된 결합차수값들은 수소결합에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 그러나 실리카 표면수산기의 Lewis산성도는 수산기의 구조와 무관하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.31.2-31.2
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• 2012

We present the Yonsei Evolutionary Population Synthesis (YEPS) models for spectroscopic and photometric evolutions of simple and composite stellar populations. The models are based on the most up-to-date Yonsei-Yale stellar evolutionary tracks and BaSel 3.1 flux libraries, and provide integrated spectroscopic quantities of Lick/IDS system including high-order Balmer absorption-lines. Special care has been taken to incorporate the systematic variation of horizontal branch (HB) morphology as functions of metallicity, age, alpha-element mixture, and helium abundance of simple stellar populations. Our models for normal-helium stellar populations indicate that the realistic modeling of HB and alpha-element brings about 5 Gyr and 0.1 dex differences in age and metallicity estimations, respectively, compared to those without these effects. The HB effect does not depend on the specific choice of stellar libraries and alpha-element enhancements, and this effect is non-negligible even in the metal sensitive absorption indices, such as Mg2 and Mg b. Comparison of the models to observations reveals that the HB and alpha-element effects are critical in understanding otherwise inexplicable phenomena found in globular cluster systems in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, including the observed bimodality of the line strengths of globular clusters in massive galaxies. In addition, we found that helium-enhanced stellar populations, which are the major sources of extreme HB stars, bring about increased FUV, NUV fluxes, and thus the model colors of those filters become extremely blue. Age dating based on the YEPS model with normal-helium stellar populations reveals that the evidence for 'downsizing' of elliptical galaxies is found not only in the local field but also in Coma cluster, and that the mean age of elliptical galaxies in Coma cluster is about 1.4 Gyr younger than the mean age of those in the local field. We also find that our models with helium-enhanced subpopulations can naturally reproduce the strong UV-upturns observed in giant elliptical galaxies assuming an age similar to that of old GCs in the Milky Way.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

UBVIJHK photometry of the open cluster NGC 2194 are presented. Color-Magnitude diagrams of this cluster show well-defined main sequence and red giant clump. The main sequence also contains clear evidence of binary populations. Based on color-color diagrams, absolute magnitude of red giant clump, ZAMS fitting, and comparisons of observed color-magnitude diagrams with theoretical models, we derive following parameters for the cluster; reddening $E(B-V)=0.44{\pm}0.04$, age of log $t{\sim}8.8$, and finally distance of $(m-M)_0=12.20{\pm}0.18$.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

This paper deals with the consideration of mathematical models with regards to growth of cluster and firms by reviewing the Metcalf and Breuner's articles. prior studies have been argued the phenomenon of local industrial clusters and districts. Several concepts have been adopted to support the success of and changes to these clusters and firm growth. Through the review of two papers, evolution of both cluster and firm growth may be achieved in terms of utilizations of the different local aspects and mechanisms. This paper supports the theoretical back bone with regards to the regional cluster policy implementing in Korea for the purpose of regional developments. In particular, a mathematical model that, on a more abstract level, captures the fundamental dynamic structure of all the observed mechanisms. On the basis of this model, the emergence and evolution of local clusters can be described. Also this model has given that the knowledge sharing between firms has an important role to firms and cluster' growth.

• 대기
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2006

In the present study, the neural network (NN) model with cluster analysis method was developed to predict storm surge in the whole Korean coastal regions with special focuses on the regional extension. The model used in this study is NN model for each cluster (CL-NN) with the cluster analysis. In order to find the optimal clustering of the stations, agglomerative method among hierarchical clustering methods was used. Various stations were clustered each other according to the centroid-linkage criterion and the cluster analysis should stop when the distances between merged groups exceed any criterion. Finally the CL-NN can be constructed for predicting storm surge in the cluster regions. To validate model results, predicted sea level value from CL-NN model was compared with that of conventional harmonic analysis (HA) and of the NN model in each region. The forecast values from NN and CL-NN models show more accuracy with observed data than that of HA. Especially the statistics analysis such as RMSE and correlation coefficient shows little differences between CL-NN and NN model results. These results show that cluster analysis and CL-NN model can be applied in the regional storm surge prediction and developed forecast system.