• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.153-166
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to analyze the overall process of the wedding industry - arranging domestic wedding firms and formulating a database related to the business. Simultaneously, with all the data in hand the research attempts to seek flaws within the wedding industry and tries to offer solutions to revitalize the industrial section. Because the list of articles is enormously expansive, for the purpose of basic research, objects have been selected according to the process presented below. Wedding-product firms have been classified within the boundaries of dresses, studios, and makeup firms; distributing channels are mainly focused on wedding planners and related-consulting firms; related departments of universities and wedding organizations are illustrated as well. Due to the unorganized system of this particular field, the research process has been conducted with materials from personal experiences, newspapers, magazines, Internet websites, documents, and interviews with wedding-related firms and organizations, and professors. As a result, over 13 subjects which formulate a market structure of over 30 trillion won. However, due to lack of systemization of the industry, as it expands, numerous problems occur. Excessive competition between wedding-consulting firms and the lack of reliable education for wedding planners, unnecessary external investment and the lack of product research, false Information from the Internet puts the entire industry in a inefficient position. Organizations such as Korea Traditional clothes Industrial Union, Korea Wedding Consulting Association, Korea Martial Industrial Promotion Association(KOMIPA) etc, are made to seek for solutions. For the wedding industry to revitalize, wedding-product firms, wedding planners and consulting firms must maintain an organic relationship every season. They must systemize a proper distribution system, with wedding-product companies enhancing the quality of products, wedding planners organizing wedding plans with responsibility, and consulting firms focusing not only on profits. In order to make high-valued products, wedding-product companies must put their greatest effort in producing talented minds, and universities with related departments must do so as well. In other words, the industrial and educational section of our society must cooperate through a sophisticated system. In addition, related organizations must act to receive governmental support in order to support the industry.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.288-299
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• 2019

This study examined trends in model perceptions in the Asian fashion industry through a survey on the current status of using models, model attributes, and image recognition for companies and brands participating in the Seoul Fashion Week and Hong Kong Fashion Week. The results of the study are as follows. First, an examination of the races of models used for public relations by clothing and accessory companies indicated that the use of Asian and black models was lower than white models. Second, intimacy, reliability, similarity, and professionalism were derived as attributes for a public relation model. Among these factors, only 'intimacy' showed a difference between the countries. Third, Seoul Fashion Week participants gave the highest marks for the strong individuality of the models used for their brands; however, participants in the Hong Kong Fashion Week most appreciated suitability with products and professional appearance. Fourth, the different trends of model image recognition were shown through various analysis results by country or race, in which Seoul Fashion Week participants highly perceived the global and luxurious image of white models, and were generally highly satisfied with the models. In terms of the Hong Kong Fashion Week, Asian models tended to be perceived as a more casual image, and the participants held contributions to brand recognition as the most significant factor when using Asian models.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Green or an environmental consciousness has been a major issue for businesses and government offices, as well as consumers, worldwide. In response to this movement, the Korean government announced, in the early 2000s, the era of "Green Growth" as a way to encourage green-related business activities. The Korean fashion industry, in various levels of involvement, presents diverse eco-friendly products as a part of the green movement. These apparel products include organic products and recycled clothing. For these companies to be successful, they need information about who are the consumers who consider green issues (e.g., environmental sustainability) as part of their personal values when making a decision for product purchase, use, and disposal. These consumers can be considered as eco-sumers. Previous studies have examined consumers' purchase intention for or with eco-friendly products. In addition, studies have examined influential factors used to identify the eco-sumers or green consumers. However, limited attention was paid to eco-sumers' disposal or recycling behavior of clothes in comparison with their green product purchases. Clothing disposal behaviors are ways that consumer can get rid of unused clothing and in clue temporarily lending the item or permanently eliminating the item by "handing down" (e.g., giving it to a younger sibling), donating, exchanging, selling, or simply throwing it away. Accordingly, examining purchasing behaviors of eco-friendly fashion items in conjunction with clothing disposal behaviors should improve understanding of a consumer's clothing consumption behavior from the environmental perspective. The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide descriptive information about Korean eco-sumers who have ecologically-favorable lifestyles and behaviors when buying and disposing of clothes. The objectives of this study are to (a) categorize Koreans on the basis of clothing disposal behaviors; (b) investigate the differences in demographics, lifestyles, and clothing consumption values among segments; and (c) compare the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion items and influential factors among segments. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. The questionnaire included 10 items of clothing disposal behavior, 22 items of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) characteristics, and 19 items of consumption values, measured by five-point Likert-type scales. In addition, the purchase intention of two eco-friendly fashion items and 11 attributes of each item were measured by seven-point Likert type scales. Two polyester fleece pullovers, made from fabric created from recycled bottles with the PET identification code, were selected from one Korean brand and one US imported brand among outdoor sportswear brands. A brief description of each product with a color picture was provided in the survey. Demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, education level, income, occupation) were also included. The data were collected through a professional web survey agency during May 2009. A total of 600 final usable questionnaires were analyzed. The age of respondents ranged from 20 to 49 years old with a mean age of 34 years. Fifty percent of the respondents were males and about 58% were married, and 62% reported having earned university degrees. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify the underlying dimensions of the clothing disposal behavior scale, and three factors were generated (i.e., reselling behavior, donating behavior, non-recycling behavior). To categorize the respondents on the basis of clothing disposal behaviors, k-mean cluster analysis was used, and three segments were obtained. These consumer segments were labeled as 'Resale Group', 'Donation Group', and 'Non-Recycling Group.' The classification results indicated approximately 98 percent of the original cases were correctly classified. With respect to demographic characteristics among the three segments, significant differences were found in gender, marital status, occupation, and age. LOHAS characteristics were reduced into the following five factors: self-satisfaction, family orientation, health concern, environmental concern, and voluntary service. Significant differences were found in the LOHAS factors among the three clusters. Resale Group and Donation Group showed a similar predisposition to LOHAS issues while the Non-Recycling Group presented the lowest mean scores on the LOHAS factors compared to the other segments. The Resale and Donation Groups described themselves as enjoying or being satisfied with their lives and spending spare-time with family. In addition, these two groups cared about health and organic foods, and tried to conserve energy and resources. Principal components factor analysis generated clothing consumption values into the following three factors: personal values, social value, and practical value. The ANOVA test with the factors showed differences primarily between the Resale Group and the other two groups. The Resale Group was more concerned about personal value and social value than the other segments. In contrast, the Non-Recycling Group presented the higher level of social value than did Donation Group. In a comparison of the intention to purchase eco-friendly products, the Resale Group showed the highest mean score on intent to purchase Product A. On the other hand, the Donation Group presented the highest intention to purchase for Product B among segments. In addition, the mean scores indicated that the Korean product (Product B) was more preferable for purchase than the U.S. product (Product A). Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the influence of product attributes on the purchase intention of eco product. With respect to Product A, design, price and contribution to environmental preservation were significant to predict purchase intention for the Resale Group, while price and compatibility with my image factors were significant for the Donation Group. For the Non-Recycling Group, design, price compatibility with the factors of my image, participation to eco campaign, and contribution to environmental preservation were significant. Price appropriateness was significant for each of the three clusters. With respect to Product B, design, price and compatibility with my image factors were important, but different attributes were associated significantly with purchase intention for each of the three groups. The influence of LOHAS characteristics and clothing consumption values on intention to purchase Products A and B were also examined. The LOHAS factor of health concern and the personal value factor were significant in the relationships with the purchase intention; however, the explanatory powers were low in the three segments. Findings showed that each group as classified by clothing disposal behaviors showed differences in the attributes of a product, personal values, and the LOHAS characteristics that influenced their purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Findings would enable organizations to understand eco-friendly behavior and to design appropriate strategic decisions to appeal eco-sumers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

This study is to provide basic information on clothing fitness necessary to develop apparel products for Korean companies that want to enter or have already made inroads into the Chinese market. In an effort to serve this purpose, a standard upper torso body model for Chinese women was established by applying the Rohrer Index and Size Designation of Clothes - Women of GB/T 1335.2-1997 to Chinese women in their 20s to determine body types and its characteristics. First, according to the result of applying the Rohrer Index to categorize body types, Type 1 showed the longest vertical body length and a short horizontal length with the lowest degree of flatness. Type 2 was a standard body type with a height of 158.73cm, weight of 53.02kg and the Rohrer Index of 1.32. Type 3 had a thick and flat body shape that had the highest degree of flatness and the shortest vertical length in its upper torso among all three types of body. Second, F-test was conducted on 4 distinctive body types obtained from comparing obesity scores to verify differences in body shapes for different degree of obesity. The test result indicated significant differences in 3 of the 4 body types and showed different structural components for different degree of obesity. Third, the result of comparing correlational distributions of body types and height range, and body types and degree of obesity for all and specified age groups revealed that about 33.30% of the body types appeared in Type2-A followed by 20.18% in Type1-A, 18.40% in Type2-Y and 7.91% in Type1-Y respectively. Body types and degree of obesity for two different age groups were most frequent in Type2-A. For the group of young women in their early 20s appeared the most in Type2-A, Type1-A, Type2-Y and Type 1-Y respectively and young women in late 20s were frequent in the order of Type2-A, Type2-Y, Type1-A and Type1-Y.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.85-102
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• 1982

The current employment status among young home economists and perspectives in occupations for prospective Home Economics graduates were explored in this study which utilized information from 17 to 21 colleges in Korea and colleges in the United States during the five years of 1977∼1981. The Home Economics content areas covered in this study were Clothing and Textiles, Foods and Nutrition, Housing and Interior Design, and Child Development and Family Life. The highest percentage of Korean graduates in Clothing and Textiles was employed either as teachers at the junior high school level or as designers in the clothing and textile industries. Quite a number of the graduates were engaged in further studies at the graduate level. Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching at the college level and some had furthered their studies at the doctorate level either here or abroad. Koreans with a bachelor's degree in Foods and Nutrition held jobs as teachers in junior high school, dieticians at mass feeding institutions and hospitals, food scientists in food industries, and researchers in institutions. Those with a master's degree were teaching at the college level. Americans with a bachelor's degree worked as dieticians, supervisors in restaurants and institutions, extension workers, researchers at various facilities, teachers and clerks. Americans with a master's or doctorate degree were engaged in teaching at colleges or supervising at research or working as extension specialists. In general, Korean graduates were found to hold positions in less varied areas than their American counter-parts. Among forty-nine graduates those working in their professional field reported less sex discrimination that those working in other fields. The major area of employment in Housing and Interior Design or Home Management graduates in Korea was teaching while in the United States it was extension work, business, governmental work and teaching. It was suggested that in the future, career development in Korea be further explored to include extension service, research, social welfare, financial planning, business, free-lancing, funeral home, home-call, and correctional education. Interviews with executives from 6 business enterprises indicated that most of them were aware of the potential contribution home economists could make for their companies but they expressed a negative attitude towards women in general due to their short stay on the job. Jobs held by Child Development and Family Life majors with a bachelor's degree in Korea were mostly teaching positions in public, junior and senior high school. However, jobs such as nursery school teaching, working in clinical setting, business, and teaching at public, junior and senior high school predominated in the United states. Most Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching in professional colleges while in the United Stated the job variation among the graduates was rather evenly distributed among teaching at college level, public and high school, nursery school and administration areas. Reports from 7 child development majors on the job indicated that they were paid less that secretarial workers. Only half of them were working in their major area and these expressed satisfaction with their work. Two thirds of the respondents indicated no sex discrimination. It was suggested that in the future Child Development and Family Life majors pursue employment in counseling, guidance, recreation, mass media, administration and outreach work as well as education, research and parent education in services for children, teen-agers, adults and families.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.7 s.98
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• pp.76-88
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to define the concept of the matchless, and its social and cultural origins. I shall also define the different types of Matchless style, the respective characteristics of each style, and the distinguishing features of this style in domestic street fashion. In order to do this, 1 have referred to several published studies and a number of Web-sites of Korean fashion information companies for my research. The results of this study are the following; 1. The concept of matchless is a positive way of self-expression by coordination, created by consumers who attach great importance to their image and to developing their individual style. Also, this concept constitutes a new approach to code which reanalyzes existing styles with a new sensitivity. 2. The social & cultural origins of matchless are the expansion of fear of war and terror, and economic depression, the extension of the 5-day workweek, interest in 'Well-being', and the phenomena of cultural diversity. 3. The types of Matchless are Style Matchless, Theme Matchless, Texture Matchless, Season Matchless, and Complex-Layered Matchless. 4. The distinguishing features of Matchless in street fashion are the distinction of formal & Casual wear's Matchless, the creation of a new Look in Sports & Casual wear's Matchless, the development of a new coordinated, layered look, the immense popularity of Denim, the new fashionable versions of Military style, and the renaissance of the Romantic Feminine Look.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between service orientation of fashion organization and employee's customer orientation. For this study, salespersons in clothing stores were selected as the subjects. We used 4 factors SERV*OR Scale: service leadership, human resource management, employee's empowerment, service system as an organizational service orientation. The results are as follows: First, Service Orientation of the company in fashion field affects the employee's customer orientation. In other words, a fashion company with a higher service orientation will have employees with a higher customer orientation. Second service orientation factors revealed differences depending on the store. Department stores had no effect on factors such as employee's empowerment, service system, but agency stores and outlet stores had effects on all factors. This influential factor is created due to the difference in fashion distribution. Human resource management especially seemed to carry weight among the factors in all stores. So, first and foremost fashion companies should make efforts on education, training of employee.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.923-936
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• 2012

Apparel companies define their target customers to integrate consumers' needs into their product development processes. The sizing standards play a significant role in ready-to-wear garment business. Consumers' body build and sizes are different according to gender, age, and body type. The consumers' morphological feature of the one geographical area has changed with immigration, aging, and lifestyle change. In this study the way of defining body types in the standard garment sizing systems published in USA., UK, Germany, Japan, and Korea were compared. The results of this study show that most of the systems classified the body types by the index value. The chest-waist drop value was used for men's body type classification. Women's body types were defined by hip proportion. The hip-bust drop value was used for it. German and European garment sizing systems provide a wide range of men's body types. US men's garment sizes are developed for very conservative body type. US women's garment sizing system has had clearly defined women's body types. The Misses body types projected in the US garment sizing system had changed as women's waist girth got bigger compared to the past. In 2011 the US Misses sizes were divided into Curvy Misses size and Straight Misses size by the hip-waist drop value. The Curvy Misses sizes have smaller waist girth and larger hip girth than the Straight Misses sizes.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.555-566
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• 2017

This study analyzes the practical tasks and required competency for technical designers to provide basic data on the training of domestic technical designers. The survey was applied to 21 technical designers of big vendors as well as investigated tasks, task flow, important tasks, time-consuming tasks, and required competencies. The results of the study are as follows. First, the technical designers were in charge of several brands of buyers and distributors of fashion companies, or several lines of the same brand. The main production items were cut and sewn knits. Second, the flow of task and tasks were in the order of buyer comments analysis, sloper decision to matching style, sewing specification, productive sewing method research, size specification suggestion, pattern correction comments, construction decision to matching style & fabric, sample evaluations, fit approval, business e-mail writing, specification & grading confirmation, and communication with buyer. Third, five tasks (analysis of buyer comments analysis, communication with buyer, pattern correction comments, productive sewing methods research, sample evaluation) were important and time-consuming tasks. Fourth, reeducation was required in order of sewing, pattern, English, fabric, and fitting. Fifth, competencies to be a technical designers were fitting, pattern correction, size specification & grading, construction & sewing specification, sewing terms & techniques, and communication skills. In conclusion, technical designer training should focus on technology-based instruction, such as sample evaluation, fitting, pattern correction, and productive sewing methods research of cut and sewn knits.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2012

Hanbok of dolls can be a good medium that can given with value of traditional cultural products, however, it is not easy to see hanbok and its pattern from dolls. Especially for the case of rag doll which is closely related to the life of users, it has enough value as traditional cultural contents, however, there have been not sufficient studies on its pattern development and classification of form of dolls. Therefore, by classifying the body type of dolls by its pose, this study aims to provide a basic data for the development of hanbok pattern. This study looks into the origin and meaning of dolls and the definition and features of rag doll, then, it collected pictures and data rag dolls produced by 29 domestic companies. Through the data collected, the six different types of dolls, 'Sitting Style', 'Standing Style', 'Lying Style', 'Cushion Style', 'Quadruped Sitting Style', 'Quadruped Standing Style', were classified into form. In the future, I hope the result of this study can be used as useful data for toy manufactures and cultural business in relation to development of rag doll and at the same time as a basic data for development of hanbok pattern development of rag dolls as traditional cultural goods.