• Title/Summary/Keyword: Closed Loop

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Analysis of the Closed-Loop Supply Chain Focusing on Power Batteries in China

  • Chen, Jinhui;Bayarsaikhan, Bayarsaikhan;Nam, Sootae;Jin, Chanyong
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.570-571
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    • 2021
  • The research on waste power batteries in China in the past ten years reveals that the power battery recycling industry is enormous but marred with several challenges. A study of China's current power battery closed-loop supply chain revealed some issues in the power battery recycling industry, such as imperfect supply chain, small recycling scale, asymmetric information, and imperfect profit distribution mechanism. This paper uses the theory of corporate social responsibility and consumer choice to propose a closed-loop network of power batteries based on block chain technology and analyzes the existing closed-loop supply chain of power batteries. Consequently, this study provides a new idea for developing the power battery closed-loop supply chain by proposing the closed-loop network of power batteries based on blockchain technology

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물 대 물 방식 수직 밀폐루프 지열원 히트펌프 시스템의 냉방성능에 대한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on the Cooling Performance of Vertical Closed Loop Water to Water Ground Source Heat Pump System)

  • 홍부표;최광환
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.58-63
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    • 2014
  • A vertical closed loop ground source heat pump (GSHP) is used to produce heat from the low-grade energy source such as the outside air and ground source. It is known that a heat pump system type has better efficiency comparing to the electric heating system. This study only demonstrates that the vertical closed loop GSHP system is a feasible choice for space cooling of air conditioning. The coefficient of performance (COP) is the ratio of heat output to work supplied to the system in the form of electricity. For the vertical closed loop GSHP system in a cooling mode, the COP is the most commonly used way for judging the efficiency. For the purpose of this experiment, vertical closed loop GSHP system was installed in the laboratory and the experiment was executed. As a result, an average COP of vertical-closed loop GSHP system was 3.62 when the outside average temperature was $33^{\circ}C$.

신경 회로망을 이용한 증기 발생기의 폐 루프 시스템 규명 (Closed Loop System Identification of Steam Generator Using Neural Networks)

  • 박종호;한후석;정길도
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제16권12호
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    • pp.78-86
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    • 1999
  • The improvement of the water level control is important since it will prevent the steam generator trip so that improve the reliability and credibility of operation system. In this paper, the closed loop system identification is performed which can be used for the system monitoring and prediction of the system response. The model also can be used for the prediction control. Irving model is used as a steam generator model. The plant is an open loop unstable and non-minimum phase system. Fuzzy controller stabilize the system and the stable controller stabilize the system and the stable closed loop system is identified using neural networks. The obtained neural network model is validated using the untrained input and output. The results of computer simulation show the obtained Neural Network model represents the closed loop system well.

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다각형 영역에 놓인 패루프 극점의 결실성 해석 (Robustness Analysis of Closed-Loop Poles Located in a Polygonal Region)

  • Jung Moon Lee
    • 전자공학회논문지B
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    • 제29B권10호
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 1992
  • This paper considers uncertain systems with closed-loop poles in a polygonal region. A method is presented which is applicable to computing the perturbation of a pole-located region due to parameter uncertainties. A method is also proposed to calculate the bound on parameter uncertainties which allow the closed-loop poles to remain in a specified region. They provide useful robustness measures on the closed-loop poles of uncertain systems.

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페루프 극점의 견실성 해석 (Robustness Analysis of Closed-Loop Poles)

  • 이정문;남부희
    • 산업기술연구
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    • 제11권
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 1991
  • This paper deals with the robustness of closed-loop poles of a linear time-invariant system with uncertain parameters. A new method is presented to calculate the perturbation of a pole-located region due to parameter uncertainties. A method to calculate allowable bounds on parameter uncertainties is also presented to retain closed-loop poles in a specified region. Based on Lyapunov equations and norm operations, they provide useful measures on the robustness of closed-loop poles. An example is given to illustrate proposed methods.

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역물류를 고려한 통합물류망에서의 입지:경로문제 (A Location-Routing Problem for Logistics Network Integrating Forward and Reverse Flow)

  • 나호영;이상헌
    • 산업공학
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.153-164
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    • 2009
  • An effective management for reverse flows of products such as reuse, repair and disposal, has become an important issue for every aspect of business. In this paper, we study the Location-Routing Problem (LRP) in the multi-stage closed-loop supply chain network. The closed-loop supply chain in this study integrated both forward and reverse flows. In forward flow, a factory, Distribution Center (DC) and retailer are considered as usual. Additionally in reverse flow, we consider the Central Returns collection Center (CRC) and disposal facility. We propose a mixed integer programming model for the design of closed-loop supply chain integrating both forward and reverse flows. Since the LRP belongs to an NP-hard problem, we suggest a heuristic algorithm based on genetic algorithm. For some test problems, we found the optimal locations and routes by changing the numbers of retailers and facility candidates. Furthermore, we compare the efficiencies between open-loop and closed-loop supply chain networks. The results show that the closed-loop design is better than the open one in respect to the total routing distance and cost. This phenomenon enlarges the cut down effect on cost as an experimental space become larger.

Flexible camera series network for deformation measurement of large scale structures

  • Yu, Qifeng;Guan, Banglei;Shang, Yang;Liu, Xiaolin;Li, Zhang
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.587-595
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    • 2019
  • Deformation measurement of large scale structures, such as the ground beds of high-rise buildings, tunnels, bridge, and railways, are important for insuring service quality and safety. The pose-relay videometrics method and displacement-relay videometrics method have already presented to measure the pose of non-intervisible objects and vertical subsidence of unstable areas, respectively. Both methods combine the cameras and cooperative markers to form the camera series networks. Based on these two networks, we propose two novel videometrics methods with closed-loop camera series network for deformation measurement of large scale structures. The closed-loop camera series network offers "closed-loop constraints" for the camera series network: the deformation of the reference points observed by different measurement stations is identical. The closed-loop constraints improve the measurement accuracy using camera series network. Furthermore, multiple closed-loops and the flexible combination of camera series network are introduced to facilitate more complex deformation measurement tasks. Simulated results show that the closed-loop constraints can enhance the measurement accuracy of camera series network effectively.

변환요소에 따른 LOOPED WIRE의 탄성 변화에 관한 연구 (A STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES TN LOOPED WIRES BY VARIABLE FACTORS)

  • 나용인;김상철
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 1995
  • Canine retraction spring과 같은 looped wire에서, 각 변환요소에 따라 변하는 탄성 정도를 알아보기 위하여, wire의 재료, 굵기, loop에 소요된 길이, loop의 모양, gabling의 여부 등 5가지의 변환요소를 설정하여, 각 wire activation시의 탄성을 range, force, stiffness등의 면에서 알아보고자 하였다. wire의 재료적인 면에서 Hi-T (Unitek Co.)와 blue Elgiloy (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics)를 선택하였으며, 굵기로는 .016"$\;\times\;$.022" 와 .018"$\;\times\;$.025"를 선택하였다. loop 자체에 소요된 wire 길이를 15mm와 20mm의 두가지로, loop의 모양을 vertical open loop과 vertical closed loop의 두가지로, gabling의 양을 $0\circ$$30\circ$의 두가지로 하여 각각 제작하였다. 따라서 wire의 재료와 굵기, loop의 길이와 모양, gabling의 5가지 변환요소에 따라 32개군으로 구분되었으며, 각 군의 시료수는 8개씩으로, 총 256개의 시료를 대상으로 하였다. Instron(4202, Instron Co, USA)을 사용하여 각 시료의 하중변형 곡선을 얻었으며 elastic limit에서의 하중과 변형을 계측하고, 그때의 stiffness(force/range)를 산출하여, ANOVA 등의 통계처리로 32개군 간의 상관성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 wire의 재료, 굵기, loop의 길이, 모양, gabling모두가 looped wire의 하중 변형도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 탄성범위에서의 force는 Hi-T, .016"$\;\times\;$.022", loop 길이 20mm, open loop, non-gable군에서 가장 적었으며, blue Elgiloy, .018"$\;\times\;$.025", loop 길이 15mm, closed loop, non-gable군에서 가장 컸다. 탄성범위에서의 range는 Hi-T, .018"$\;\times\;$.025", loop길이 15mm, open loop, non-gable군이 가장 적었으며, Hi-T, .016"$\;\times\;$.022", loop길이 20mm, closed loop, gable군에서 가장 컸다. 또한 Looped wire의 탄성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변환요소는 loop의 모양과 길이였으며, gabling의 영향이 가장 적었다.

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An Analytical Framework for Imperfect DS-CDMA Closed-Loop Power Control over Flat Fading

  • Choe, Sang-Ho
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.810-813
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    • 2005
  • This letter presents an analytical framework for a performance analysis of the imperfect direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) closed-loop power control (CLPC) loop with loop delay, channel estimation error, and power control command bit error as the parameters under a Rayleigh flat fading environment. The proposed model is verified through a comparison between analytical results and simulation ones.

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Robust Pole Assignment in a Specified Disk

  • Nguyen, Van-Giap;Nguyen, Tan-Tien;Lee, Gun-You;Kim, Sang-Bong
    • Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.116-120
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents a method to assign robustly the closed loop system's poles in a specified disk by a state feedback for a linear time invariant system with structured or unstructured uncertainties. THe proposed robust design procedure includes two steps. Firstly, the perturbed closed loop matrix $A_{cl p}$ = $A_{cl}$ + Δ$A_{cl}$ is rearranged such that it is a function of the nominal closed loop matrix $A_{cl}$. Hence, we can control the positions of the perturbed closed loop poles by choosing $A_{cl}$ appropriately. Secondly, the feedback control law F that assigns the closed loop poles of the perturbed system in a specified disk is determined from the equation $A_{cl}$ = A + BF. A procedure for finding F is proposed based on partitioning every matrix of the equation $A_{cl}$ = A + BF in the horizontal direction.

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