• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 1999

A rotifer starin has been isolated from tide pools located near Sogwipo, Cheju Island and the effects of environmental factors (water temperature and salinity) and clonal differences have been examined with regard to size variation and cyclomorphosis. Adult female rotifers varied from 141.61 to $173.97 \mutextrm{m}$ in their mean lorica length under different rearing conditions in the laboratory and also had pointed anterior spines . Thus, this strain was classified as Brachionus rotundiformes. Mean lorica length tended to be smaller as rearing temperature increased although there were some exceptions. Statistical analysis indicated that lorica length was largely influenced by both clonal differences and rearing temperatures although the former as a genetic factor affected lorica length a little more than the latter did ; overall effect of salinity on lorica length was not statistically signicicant; furthermore, cyclomorphosis was also largely influenced by both clonal differences and rearing temperatures, but clonal differences as a genetic factor affected rotifer cyclomorphosis much more than temperature did.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.528-532
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• 2007

Clonal differences in fertility (expressed as the number of female and male strobili) were determined for five consecutive years (2002-2006) in a clonal seed orchard of Chamaecyparis obtusa. Fertility varied among clones and among years with producing five-year averages of 378.8 and 871.2 for female and male strobili per ramet, respectively. Correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive over the five years and statistically significant. Based on the observed fertility variation, the effective population sizes (estimated by status numbers, $N_e$) were calculated and varied from 24.3 to 47.9 (48.6% to 95.8% of census number, N) among the five studied years. On average (pooled), the relative effective population size was 82% of the N. Variation in female fertility was higher than that in male fertility, and this variation was reflected on female and male parents' status numbers. Pooled $N_e$ estimated from the five years was higher than that from poor seed production years. From our results, it was concluded that genetic diversity collected from good flowering years would be higher than that from poor flowering years.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2011

The quality of a phage-displayed antibody library deteriorates with clonal variations, which are caused by differentially expressed Escherichia coli antibody genes. Using the human Fab SP114 against the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 (PDCE2), we created four E. coli TOP10F' clones with a pCMTG phagemid encoding Fab-pIII (pCMTG-Fab), Fd ($V_H+C_{H1}$)-pIII (pCMTG-Fd), or light chain (L) (pCMTG-L), or the vector only (pCMTG-${\Delta}Fab$) to investigate the effect of clonal variations in a defined manner. Compared to the others, the E. coli clone with pCMTG-Fab was growth retarded in liquid culture, but efficiently produced phage progenies by Ex12 helper phage superinfection. Our results suggest that an antibody library must be cultured for a short duration before helper phage superinfection, and that the Ex12 helper phage helped to alleviate the detrimental effect of clonal variation, at least in part, by preferentially increasing functional phage antibodies during phage amplification.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2011

This study investigated mineral element concentrations of acorns in Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata seed orchard, so that to estimate the variation of these species based on the chemical composition in different clones from plus trees. The acorns were collected from ten clones of each species grown in the same clonal seed orchard. The nutritional concentration of acorns was significantly different between the clones and species. The concentration of nutrient for the whole acorn followed in this general sequence: P > K > Na > Mg > Ca > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. The mineral concentrations of acorns in clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata contained P (494 to 684 and 541 to 672 mg/100 g), K (114 to 569 and 140 to 251 mg/100 g), Na (57 to 121 and 49 to 85 mg/100 g), Mg (29 to 37 and 26 to 42 mg/100 g), Ca (10 to 53 and 26 to 68 mg/100 g), Mn (0.5 to 3.4 and 1.8 to 4.5 mg/100 g), Fe (0.7 to 1.1 and 0.0 to 2.2 mg/100 g), Zn (0.34 to 0.81 and 0.38 to 0.84 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.13 to 0.40 and 0.09 to 0.34 mg/100 g) respectively. Even though acorns of Q. serrata are smaller in size than Q. acutissima, acorns of Q. serrata contained significantly higher concentration of phosphorus, calcium, iron and manganese than Q. acutissima. Based on the mineral composition of the acorns, this study has shown that the clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata have different ability to accumulate mineral nutrients which could indicate the variation of Quercus species in terms of mineral acquisition and accumulation.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2008

잣나무 채종원의 유전간벌을 위하여 재적생장에 대한 개량 효과와 유효클론수를 이용한 유전다양성을 평가하였다. 유전 간벌은 클론의 일반조합능력으로 나타나는 육종가(breeding value), 암꽃과 수꽃 개화량을 이용한 종자생산 기여도, 클론별 ramet수 등를 이용한 클론별 변이를 기초로 하였다. 차대 검정 결과에 의하여 산출된 재적생장에 대한 클론별 일반조합능력(genetic value) 및 1991년부터 2003년까지 조사된 개화량 성적을 이용하여 잣나무 채종원(1981년 조성) 179클론에 대하여 간벌 강도에 따른 유전다양성 및 개량효과를 분석하였다. 이때 채종원 외부로부터의 화분오염율은 30%(gene migration = 15%)로 설정하였다. 그 결과 재적생장에 대한 개량효과는 간벌율이 10%에서 60%까지 높아짐에 따라서 점차 증가하였다. 하지만 이보다 더 높은 간벌 강도에서 현저한 개량효과 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 유효클론수는 간벌강도 10%에서 60% 사이에서는 40클론으로 나타났으며, 70% 간벌율 이상에서는 증가하거나 감소하는 변동을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 잣나무 채종원에 대해서는 50%에서 60% 수준의 간벌 강도가 적당한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

피나무의 조직배양(組織培養)에 의(依)한 대량증식(大量增殖) 방법(方法)을 확립(確立)하기 위하여, 15년생(年生) 성숙목(成熟木)의 액아(腋芽)를 IS, MS 및 WPM배지(培地)에 배양(培養)하였다. 5수절(水凖)의 BAP농도(濃度)가 검정(檢定)되어, IS와 WPM배지(培地)에서는 BAP 1.0mg/l 첨가(添加)가 줄기 형성(形成)과 생장(生長)을 촉진(促進)한 반면(反面), MS배지(培地)에서는 BP 0.5mg/l 첨가(添加)가 효과적(效果的)이었다. 최적조건(最適條件)은 BAP 1.0mg/l 첨가(添加)의 WPM과 0.5mg/l 첨가(添加)의 MS배지(培地)이었다. 형성(形成)된 줄기는 다경유도(多莖誘導)를 위하여 BAP 0.2mg/l 첨가(添加) 배지(培地)에 다식(多植)하여, 한달안에 약(約) 2배(倍)로 증식(增殖)되었다. 발근(發根)은 고농도(高濃度)의 IBA에서 촉진(促進)되어, IBA 3.0mg/l 첨가(添加)의 1/2MS에서 83.3%의 발근율(發根率)을 얻었다. 재분화(再分化)된 유치물체(幼植物體)는 환경순화(環境馴化)될 수 있었다. 액아배양(腋芽培養)에 의(依)한 줄기 형성(形成)과 생장면(生長面)에서 클론간(間) 변이(變異)를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 수형목(秀型木) 7클론이 검정(檢定)되었다. 조직배양능력(組織培養能力)에 있어서 수형목(秀型木) 클론간(間) 변이(變異)는 Duncan의 다중검정(多重檢定) 5% 유의수준(有意水準)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며, 강원(江原) 12호(號)가 BAP 1.0mg/l 첨가(添加) WPM에서 가장 좋은 반응(反應)을 나타냈다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.434-437
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• 2018

Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounts for a significant proportion of nosocomial infections. This study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and clonal relatedness of P. aeruginosa isolates of clinical and environmental origin. These isolates displayed susceptibility to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and ceftazidime of 65.0%, 62.5%, 90.0%, 100%, and 85%, respectively. PCR-RAPD analysis of the P. aeruginosa isolates revealed marked variation. No correlation was observed between the antibiotic resistance profiles and the DNA typing patterns.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2001

본 연구는 1979년에 조성된 해송 채종원에서 6년간(1995~2000년) 개화량를 조사하여 얻은 자료를 토대로 생식과정에 관계된 몇 가지 특성들을 계량화 하고자 하였다. 전체 60개 클론 중 18개 클론(30%)이 차지하는 자화의 상대적인 기여도는 0.37(1999)~0.46(1995), 웅화는 0.44(1999)~0.57(1995)로 자화보다 다소 높게 나타났으며 소수 클론에 의해 편중되는 현상이 다른 수종에 비하여 작게 나타났다. 배우체(v♀, v♂) 수준에서 상대적인 유효집단수는 각각 0.59(1995)~0.91(1999)과 0.56(1995)~0.83(1998), 접합체($v_b$) 수준에서는 0.72(1995)~0.93(1999)으로 추정되어 자성배우체가 웅성배우체보다 많게 나타났다. 웅화 개화량에 대한 평균지수는 전체 클론의 73% 이상이 0.4~0.6($0.5{\pm}0.1$)의 값을 나타내었으며, 연도간에는 73%(1996)~100%(2000)로 다양하게 나타났다. 성적 불균형도($A_s$)는 0.09~0.26으로 추정되어 다른 수종에 비해 상대적으로 낮아 높은 유전적 균일성을 나타내었다. 모든 유효집단수 간에는 정의 상관을 보였으며, 성적 불균형도는 모든 유효집단수와 부의 상관을 나타내었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제24권
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

When tea trees were introduced to Korea peninsular from China? Historically, Mr. Taeryum, an envoy of Shilla dynasty brought tea seeds from China during Tang dynasty and the seeds were planted at Jiri Mt. by the order of King Heungduk at AD828. During Koryo Dynasty(918 1392), Buddhism spread rapidly all over the country and the tea culture reached its highest stage of prosperity. At the Chosun Dynasty, however, the ceremonial drinking of tea vanished almost completely due to the flourishing Confucian tradition, a kind of substitution of Buddhism. But a few people have supported the traditional tea culture by themselves. Since the independence of Korea soon after the World War II at 1945, Korean War have been exploded at 1950. After economic evolution have been succeeded at 1980, the cultivation area of tea trees has been increased about 2,000ha and the cultural tradition of tea drinking has become popular again at a tea consume quantities amounted to 100g per capita at 2004. The northern limited area of tea plant is lined on the southern part of Korea peninsular. It is very small region compared to China about one million ha and to Japan over 60 thousand ha. It is problem not only the area of tea fields but also the methodology of tea cultivation, for examples without clonal cultivars and mechanical systems. WTO treatments was discussing with Korea, China and Japan government at 2005. Green tea custom is very high at 514% in Korea. If three countries will be agreed the imported tax will be cut off, the Korean tea farmers will be confused because of unstable situation of tea markets. All most of tea farmers should be made the tea fields by seeding not clonal propagation. Because of clonal cultivars have not developed in Korea, there have not been the research institutes for tea plants and manufactures before 1992. Now there are three research institute of tea in Korea; Tea Experiment Station at Bosung of Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Mokpo Experimental Station of National Institute of Crop Science, and Green Tea Cluster Institute of Hadong. Mokpo and Hadong Research Station were established at 2004 and at 2005 but Bosung Station was established at 1992. Seven clonal tea cultivers were selected at Bosung Station; Bohyang, Myngsun, Chanlok, Sunhyang, Mihyang, Jinhyang and Ohsun until 2004. Mokpo Experimental Institute was started the tea provenance testing about 4 provenances: Kangwon-do, Jeonlabuk-do, Jeonlanam-do, and Kyungsangnam-do. Korean new tea cultivers should be selected because Koran wild tea population have been high genetic variation. If tea breeding research will be successful to select new clonal cultivers, the tea farmers of Korea will be stable after WTO treatment with each country.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.487-496
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• 1995

Previous studies have demonstrated that not all A. actinomycetemcomitans produced significant level of leukotoxic factor and its leukotoxicity have associated with serotype and genetic variation. Our aim was to investigate on the interrelationship between serotype and leukotoxicity of an A. actinomycetemcomitans consisting of 13 clinically well characterized. Korean isolates and to evaluate if particular virulent clonal types of A. actinomycetemcomitans are associated with periodontal disease. For this study, 13 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans from 6 patients with periodontal disease were isolated and identified by using a selective medium(tryptic soy agar supplemented with 10% serum, $75{\mu}g$ of bacitracin and $5{\mu}g$ of vancomycin per ml) in 10% C02 incubator for 3days with routine Gram staining, colony morphology and biochemical test..For serotyping, antisera were prepared from reference strains of 5 serotypes. (ATCC 29523,Y4, SUNY aB 67, IDH 781, IDH 1705) and then ammonium sulfate precipitation, immunoabsorption and indirect immunofluoroscent procedures were done. For analysis of leukotoxicity, sonic extract of A. actinomycetemcomitans exposed to PMN, and trypan blue was stained for counting the cell viability. Finally Southern blot analyses of genomic DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Tag I was done and the Southern blots were hybridized with the 530bp fragment, termed delta 530, originating from the ltx promoter of strain 652 and deleted from strain JP2. Also ltxA-3.1 and SC2 probe from strain JP2 were hybridized with genomic DNA fragments. Results reveal that strains isolated showed approximately equal proportions of 3 serotypes(b, d, e) and serotype b was not detected. 2 patients harbored 2 different serotypes in the same disease site. The prevalence of leukotoxic strain was 23% and there was no relationship between serotype, leukotoxicity and clinical observations. Especially virulent clonal types of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitan (JP2 strain) could not found. Further studies are necessary on the genetic polymorphism of leukotoxin and its relations to clinical status.