• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.34-44
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical characteristics with 25 patients who have suffered from headache and were treated. Methods : We classified 25 patients into several groups by IHS classification and evaluated the effects of oriental medical therapy on headache. Results : 1. According to the statistics, instances of migraine were more prevalent than tension headache, especially among women. 2. 28% of patient had entered for treatment within one month of onset. 3. Common associated symptoms included dizziness, nausea, dyspepsia, palpitation and insomnia. 4. In classification by the oriental medical differentiation of symptoms and signs, the rate of stagnation of the humid dam and deficiency of qi, these two types were highest. 5. 56% of patients said they were satisfied with the treatment, reporting half the frequency of headache or better from before treatment. Conclusions : The present results suggest that oriental medical therapy has effects on headache. Further clinical comparative studies on herb-medication versus acupuncture therapy for headache are urged.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2020

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but life-threatening one syndrome of excessive immune activation. This immune dysregulation disorder is prominently associated with cytopenias and combinations of clinical signs and extreme inflammation symptoms. For survival, it is important to diagnose early and treat appropriately. We report a case of 10 years old boy who was admitted to the hospital with a month history of fever and cervical lymph node enlargement. There were signs of hemophagocytic histiocytosis in the lymph node and bone marrow. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are reviewed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.220-226
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• 1997

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is frequently associated with intracranial calcification and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The most commonly recognized central nervous system manifestations of chronic hypoparathyroidism are seizure, alteration of mental function and extrapyramidal signs. We present a case of hypoparathyroidism, demonstrating extensive intracranial calcification, not only basal ganglia, but also outside the extrapyramidal system. An 58-year-old woman presented with 30 year history of seizure and memory disturbance. The physical examination and several laboratory studies disclosed normal. However hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia with hypocalciuria and decreased parathormone level were demonstrated. Clinical symptoms and signs showed improvement after supplementary calcium and Vit $D_3$ therapy.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-78
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• 2014

Hypopharyngeal perforation is a rare, but fatal, complication. Clinical signs and symptoms of this condition are neck pain, odynophagia, dysphagia, fever, vomiting, cervical swelling and subcutaneous emphysema. However, these signs are obscured in patient suffering from severe trauma who has had an endotracheal tube inserted, which delay proper evaluation and treatment. Here, we report a case of hypopharyngeal perforation in a trauma patient who had an endotracheal tube inserted for mechanical ventilation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and management of intrathoracic bronchogenic cysts. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four (n=24) patients with intrathoracic bronchogenic cysts were treated surgically between August 1990 and December 2009 at our institution. Patients were divided into two groups by bronchogenic cyst location: mediastinal or intrapulmonary. Symptoms at diagnosis, radiologic findings, locations, surgical methods, pathological findings, and surgical outcomes were investigated retrospectively from consecutive patient medical records. Results: There were 12 females (50.0%). The mean age was 26.8 (range, 5 to 64) years. The mean follow-up period was 27.3 (range, 1 to 121) months. There were 15 (62.5%) mediastinal and 9 (37.5%) intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts. Symptoms occurred in 8 patients with mediastinal bronchogenic cysts (53.3%) and 5 patients with intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts (55.6%) (p=1.000). On computed tomography (CT), 7 patients (46.7%) showed homogenous solid masses in mediastinal bronchogenic cysts and five (55.6%) patients exhibited heterogeneous cystic masses with air-fluid levels in intrapulmonary bronchogenic cystic masses. Open thoracotomy was performed in 17 (70.8%) patients, and video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed in 7 (29.2%) patients. On pathological findings, there were 16 (66.7%) complicated cysts, and in 13 symptomatic patients, 11 (84.6%) patients had complicated cysts. There was no operative death in this study. During the follow-up period, no recurrence was detected. Conclusion: Intrathoracic bronchogenic cysts have a wide variety of clinical characteristics and radiologic findings. Even though some patients do not experience symptoms and signs caused by bronchogenic cysts, serious symptoms and complications may develop with the passage of time.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-208
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• 2009

Purpose: In oriental medicine, doctors have mainly made diagnosis and treatment with amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs patients have. We think patients with amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period to have symptoms that are classified into one differentiation of syndromes, and then studied to make the index. This study has been carried out to investigate pattern identifications and classify symptoms according to them. Methods: We examined 52 patients who visited Dong-eui university oriental medical center from June 2005 to February 2009 for undergoing treatment for amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period and made OB & GY questionnaires up Results: We investigated whether the patients had symptoms concerned with symptom types by analyzing the result of DSOM(Diagnos System of Oriental Medicine, hearafter DSOM). It came out 51 cases among 52 with pathogenesis that was related to the symptom types. The symptom types of were surveyed into Insufficiency of Kidney and Liver(肝腎不足), Insufficiency of Qi and Blood(氣血虛弱), Insufficiency of Yin & Dryness of blood(陰虛血燥), stagnation of Qi and Blood(氣滯血瘀), phlegm and damp(痰濕阻滯), coldness of Blood(血寒), Heat of Heart(心火). Conclusion: As a result of the investigation, one case did not have symptoms of differentiation of syndromes of amenorrhea or delayed menstrual period. 29 cases had 1 or 2 differentiation of syndromes. 21 patients had such complex symptoms of diverse differentiation of syndromes that it was difficult to diagnose a differentiation of syndromes in clinical survey. It is necessary to put the priority among the differentiation of syndromes in diagnosis in the future.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2009

Purpose: To describe the lived experience of nursing students when faced with clinical judgment in a nursing practicum at the hospital. Methods: A descriptive research design was utilized. Participants were 79 students in the clinical practicum. Participant consent was obtained for ethical protection. Data were collected from August to December 2007 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Content analysis was utilized for data analysis. Results: Two categories and 5 themes were extracted from the data for 'difficult' and 'easy' clinical judgments. For the student category, the two themes were 'knowledge' and 'skill', while the three themes for the clinical education environment category were, 'judgment of clinical symptoms and signs', 'differences between theory and practice' and 'human relationships'. For coping, 2 categories and 5 themes were extracted for the difficult clinical judgment situation, while one category and one theme were found for the easy clinical judgment situation. Conclusion: To develop students' clinical judgment, there is need to develop the method of clinical skills using simulation in clinical teaching. For future research, a study on factors affecting clinical judgment of nursing students in hospitals is needed.

• CELLMED
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.4.1-4.4
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• 2024

The development of clinical reasoning, which is the basis of medical education, is of great importance in medical universities. One of the founders of modern structural clinical reasoning, based on the knowledge of pathological physiology, is the inventor of the stethoscope Rene Laennec (1781-1826). He described the pioneering experience of clinical reasoning in the pages of his treatise A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and on Mediate Auscultation, which is of lasting value, since every rookie physicians in his professional development goes through the path of Laennec. Laennec's practice is of great importance for novice physicians since Laennec's treatise contains a diagnostic analysis of the most common clinical cases. Each such analysis demonstrates the algorithm of clinical reasoning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the approaches of clinical reasoning by René Laennec, which made it possible to identify two basic principles. Laennec's diagnostic reasoning involved two principles: pathogenetic analysis of clinical manifestations and a syndrome-based approach to differential diagnosis. These principles help distinguish between diseases with similar symptoms and physical findings are used to demonstrate the practical application of syndrome-based differential diagnosis. These principles can be easily mastered by understanding the pathogenesis of clinical manifestations. Thanks to the pathogenetic basis, the principles of clinical reasoning of Rene Laennec are universal and applicable to the analysis of any signs of the disease: not only physical but also laboratory and instrumental.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2000

The preliminary screening of several cyanobacteria, using mice bioassay, reveale the production of a hepatotoxin by the cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. strain BT 23 isolated from soil. An intraperitoneal injection of the crude toxin (LD50 56 mg/kg body wt) from this strain caused the death of the mice within 40 min, and the anmals showed slinical signs of mice within 40 min, and the animals showed clinical signs of hepatotoxicity. The toxin was purified and partially characterized. The active fraction appears to be nonpolar in nature and shows absorption peaks at 240 and 285 nm. The purified toxin had an LD50 of TEX>$100<\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ body wt and the test mice died within 40 min of toxin administration. The toxin-treated mice showed a 1.65-fold increase in liver weight at 40 min and the liver color chnged to dark red due to intrahepatic hemorrhage and pooling of blood. Furthermore, the administration of the toxin to test mice induced a 2.58, 2.63, and 2.30-fold increse in the activity of the serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. Further experiments with the 14C-labeled toxin revealed a maximum accumulation of the toxin in the liver. The clinical symptoms in the mice were similar to those produced by microcystin-L.R. These results suggest that hepatotoxins may also be produced in non bloom-forming planktonic cyanobacteria.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2004

The toxicity of CKD-602 was investigated at doses of 0, 3, 9, and 27 mg/kg in rats, by administering the same total dose over 24-hr continuous infusion or bolus injection. CKD-602 treatment caused gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, soft stool, and soiled perineal region. It also decreased body weight at doses of 9 and 27 mg/kg in a dose-dependant manner. At 3 mg/ kg, clinical signs and body weight decrease were more severe in the infusion group than in the bolus group. In the bolus group, mortalities were 0/8, 0/8, 1/8, and 3/8 at 0, 3, 9, and 27 mg/kg, respectively, whereas those were 0/8, 1/8, 8/8, and 8/8 in the infusion group. $LD_{50}$ values were 36.25 mg/kg for bolus and 3.50 mg/kg for infusion, respectively. This finding indicates that the toxic potency of CKD-602 by continuous infusion is about 10 times higher than by bolus injection. Our findings suggest that the toxic effects of CKD-602 are dependant upon the duration of intravenous administration.