• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to obtain acute (single) oral dose toxicity information on Lactobacillus-fermented Araliae Continentalis Radix aqueous extracts (fACR) in female and male ICR mice, as compared with Araliae Continentalis Radix aqueous extracts (ACR). After administering a single oral dose of fACR, no treatment-related mortalities were observed within 14 days after the end of treatment up to 2,000 mg/kg, the maximum dosage for rodents of both sexes; moreover, no fACR treatment-related changes in the body and organ weights, clinical signs, necropsy, and histopathological findings were detected in this experiment. In addition, no ACR 2,000 mg/kg treatment-related mortalities, clinical signs, body and organ weights, or gross and histopathological findings were observed, as compared with equal genders of vehicle control. The results obtained in this study suggest that fACR is non-toxic in mice and is, therefore, likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD₅₀ and approximate LD in female mice and male mice, respectively, were considered after a single oral dose of fACR over 2,000 mg/kg, the maximum dosage for rodents. In addition, no specific targets or clinical signs were detected in the present study. ACR 2,000 mg/kg-treated mice also did not show any treatment-related mortalities, clinical signs, changes to body and organ weights, or gross and histopathological findings, as compared with equal genders of vehicle control.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2003

The acute toxicity of Paecilomyces sinclairii was tested in beagle dogs. We daily examined clinical signs, body weights, and hematological/biochemical examinations for 14 days after administration of Paecilomyces sinclairii with different dose levels (0, 0.4, 2 and 10 g/kg). There were no clinical signs and no significant changes in hematological and biochemical analysis. These results showed that Paecilomyces sinclairii did not induce any remarkable acute toxic response and the $LD_{50}$ was greater than 10 g/kg in beagle dogs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.149-152
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• 1997

This test was performed to evaluate the ocular and skin irritation of EPO (Erythropoietin). The results as follows: 1. Ocular irritation test There were no observed clinical signs, body weght changes by EPO during experimental period. The acute ocular irritation index(A.O.I.), mean ocular irritation index(M.O.I.) and Day-7 individual ocular irritation index(I.O.I.) of EPO at dose of 1000U and 10, 000U were 0, respectively. Therefore we evaluated that EPO was non-toxic to eyes. 2. Skin irritation test There were no observed clinical signs, body weght changes and gross pathologic findings by EPO during experimental period. There were no observed erythema, eschar formation and edema formation on intact and abraded skin treated by EPO. The primary irritation index(P.I.I.) of EPO at dose of 1000U and 10, 000U were 0, respectively and were evaluated none irritating product about skin irritation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-69
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• 2001

A 3 years-old male Tosa dog was referred to Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a history of difficulty in mastication. Clinical signs of dropped jaw, drooling, mild depression and dehydration were observed. According to history taking, physical examination, neurologic examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum chemical profile and radiography, the dog was diagnosed as idiopathic trigeminal nerve paralysis. Electroacupuncture treatment was applied to the dog on local and distal point at an interval of 7 days. Local points were GB-1 (Tong Zi Liao) of gall bladder meridian and ST-7 (Xia Guan) of stomach meridian. Distal points were PC-4 (Xi Men), PC-6 (Nei Guan) of pericardium meridian. Electrical stimulus was performed for 20 minutes at the frequency of 3 Hz, 3 Volts on ST-7. Ten days after the initial electroacupuncture treatment, clinical signs related to trigeminal nerve paralysis were almost disappeared.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2001

A 1.2 kg, five-month-old, female domestic short-hair cat was referred to Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a history of vomiting immediatley after eating. Clinical signs were depression, anorexia, severe dehydration and vomiting since weaning. According to history taking, physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemical profile and contrast radiographic study, it was diagnosed as congenital sliding esophageal hiatal hernia. Diaphragmatic plication, esophagopexy and left-sided belt-loop gastropexy were performed. Ranitidine (2 mg/kg, IV, q12h) and sucralfate suspension (20 mg/kg, PO, q6h) were administered with low-fat liquified diet to treat reflux esophagitis. Clinical signs related to esophageal hiatal hernia disappeared immediately after surgical treatment and did not recur for 4 months.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 2003

The single oral toxicity of Jeju citrus rind pectin (Jeju pectin) was studied in Spraque-Dawley rats of both sexes. In this study, rats were administrated orally with dosages of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of Jeju pectin. We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 14 days after Jeju pectin administration. When we administered different doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg. We found no rats died in both sex after administration. Some clinical signs (decrease locomotor activity, salivation, soft stool, prone position, lacrimation, crouching position, convulsion, ataxic gait, incontinence of mine) were also observed during the experimental period.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2004

A 3-year-old, male Shih-tzu dog with clinical signs of dysuria and hematuria was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Chonnam National University. The patient was suspected urolithiasis by history taking and clinical signs but urinary and urethra calculus was not found in the radiographic examination. Enlarged prostatic gland (29.0$\times$28.0 mm) and severe finding of cystitis was observed from the ultrasonographic examination. The dog was finally diagnosed as the secondary urethral obstruction by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Castration was performed to treatment of acute hyperplasia of prostatic gland and prostatic cysts. After 26 days of operation, the prostate was defined small, hypoechoic, symmetric and decreased size (18.5$\times$18.0mm) by ultrasonography and dysuria cured completely.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2004

We described the clinical signs, gross lesions, histopathological lesions, and electronmicroscopy of pig Foot-and-Mouth Disease cases which had occurred in 2002, Korea. Grossly affected pigs showed vesicles on snout, tongue, coronary band, and udder. Histoapthologically, severe intercellular edema and necrosis of prickle cells, and separation between epidermis and dermis were found on the mucosa of tongue and coronary band. And myocardial necrosis and mononuclear cells infiltration in myocardium were found. Electronmicroscopically numerous picornavirus particles(18∼22 nm in diameter) were found in the cytoplasm of prickle cells. By those results, we confirm that those cases were typical FMD cases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.218-221
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• 1999

A case of enetritis caused by Clostridium perfringens was observed in 4years old, male California sea lion(Zalophus californianus). Clinical signs were included in anorexia, depression, diarrhea and vomitting, and the animal died on 4 days after showing clinical signs. Grossly, bloody contents were presented in the intestine and the intestinal mucosa were congested and dark redcolored, and also there were serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Histopathologically coagulative necrosis destroyed two third of the villus. Clostridium perfringens were isolated from the intestinal contents. Based on the gross and histopathological findings, this case was diagnosed as necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2008

A 2-month-old female Abyssinian cat was presented with a severe ascites, cyanosis, and exercise intolerance. Diagnostic studies revealed V/VI holosystolic murmur, sinus tachycardia, generalized cardiomegaly with marked left atrial enlargement and shunt flow between left and right ventricles. Doppler study showed bi-directional shunts in rest and right-to-left shunt after exercise. Based on clinical signs and diagnostic findings, the cat was diagnosed as a reversed ventricular septal defect. The cat was treated with furosemide, nitroglycerine, dobutamine and oxygen supplement. Despite initial improvement of clinical signs after initiation of medical treatment, the cat died of sudden cardiac arrest. Necropsy revealed a perimembranous ventricular septal defect.