• Korean journal of medical education
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.295-308
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Although medical curricula are now better structured for integration of biomedical sciences and clinical training, most teaching and learning activities still follow the older teacher-centric discipline-specific formats. A newer pedagogical approach, known as Collaborative Learning Cases (CLCs), was adopted in the medical school to facilitate integration and collaborative learning. Before incorporating CLCs into the curriculum of year 1 students, two pilot runs using the action research method was carried out to improve the design of CLCs. Methods: We employed the four-phase Kemmis and McTaggart's action research spiral in two cycles to improve the design of CLCs. A class of 300 first-year medical students (for both cycles), 11 tutors (first cycle), and 16 tutors (second cycle) were involved in this research. Data was collected using the 5-points Likert scale survey, open-ended questionnaire, and observation. Results: From the data collected, we learned that more effort was required to train the tutors to understand the principles of CLCs and their role in the CLCs sessions. Although action research enables the faculty to improve the design of CLCs, finding the right technology tools to support collaboration and enhance learning during the CLCs remains a challenge. Conclusion: The two cycles of action research was effective in helping us design a better learning environment during the CLCs by clarifying tutors' roles, improving group and time management, and meaningful use of technology.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.194-205
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the long-term outcomes after peri-implantitis treatment and the factors affecting these outcomes. Methods: This study included 92 implants in 45 patients who had been treated for peri-implantitis. Clinical data on the characteristics of patients and their implants were collected retrospectively. The change in the marginal bone level was calculated by comparing the baseline and the most recently obtained (≥3 years after treatment) radiographs. The primary outcome variable was progression of the disease after the treatment at the implant level, which was defined as further bone loss of >1.0 mm or implant removal. A 2-level binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the effects of possible factors on the primary outcome. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.7 years (range, 22-79 years). Progression of peri-implantitis was observed in 64.4% of patients and 63.0% of implants during an observation period of 6.4±2.7 years (mean±standard deviation). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that full compliance to recall visits (P=0.019), smoking (P=0.023), placement of 4 or more implants (P=0.022), and marginal bone loss ≥4 mm at baseline (P=0.027) significantly influenced the treatment outcome. Conclusions: The long-term results of peri-implantitis treatment can be improved by full compliance on the part of patients, whereas it is impaired by smoking, placement of multiple implants, and severe bone loss at baseline. Encouraging patients to stop smoking and to receive supportive care is recommended before treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the single oral toxicity of HBX-6 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Twenty SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly to female and male SD rats, as an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. HBX-6 is a newly combined Korean herbal medicine formula 30 % Ethanol extract derived from The Dongui Bogam. Now we are developing the prescription for the aim of improving benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) without undesirable side effects. HBX-6 is composed of nine medicinal herbs: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Cistanchis Herba, Psoraleae Semen, Dendrobii Herba, Morindae Radix, Cuscutae Semen, Trigonellae Semen, Foeniculi Fructus. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in the body weight, clinical signs, gross observation and necropsy findings for the 14 days according to "Standard for Toxicity Study of Pharmaceuticals" of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guideline and "Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure" of OECD Test Guideline. Results : We could not find any mortality. Compared with the control group, significant weight change was not observed in the experimental group. After administration, the more common symptoms were not observed. There were no gross abnormalities in all cases. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the approximate lethal dose of HBX-6 in both female and male SD rats were considered as over 2000 mg/kg.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.185-197
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of the Korean Pediatric Patient Classification System (KPPCS) and estimate nursing time conversion index. Methods: The study was conducted in 9 children's hospital which included various areas and size of bed settings. To verify intraclass correlation reliability and construct validity, staff nurses and nurse managers of 21 wards classified 575 patients according to KPPCS comparing differences by age, days of stay, type of stay and medical department. Direct and indirect nursing time of 575 patients were measured by 284 nursing staffs by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Results: KPPCS has 12 categories, 55 nursing activities and 80 criterions. High agreement among nurses (r=.91, p<.001) suggested substantial reliability. Construct validity was verified by comparing differences in age, days of stay, type of stay and medical department (p<.05). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.59, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 10.78 minutes per 1 classification score. The entire patient group were classified to four groups using KPPCS. Conclusion: The findings suggest that KPPCS would be a useful tool for estimating nursing demands related to the complexity of pediatric patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide multifaceted interventions for nurses and to confirm changes in their knowledge, perception, and actual practice on the adequate storage, conditions, and transportation of culture specimens. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest experimental design was conducted with 41 nurses in two general wards of a tertiary acute care hospital in Seoul. Multifaceted interventions including education, feedback, posting guidelines and reminders, and improvement in specimen management accessibility were provided from May 2019 to January 2020. Outcomes were measured before and after the interventions. Knowledge and perception of the nurses were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires and actual practice by observation. Results: After the interventions, the average knowledge score on transportation time was significantly increased (Z= -4.89, p< .001). However, the knowledge score on storage methods was not significantly increased. The perception score was significantly increased (t= -3.19, p= .003). The proportion of specimen storage times, places, and conditions managed properly was significantly increased from 43.0% (46/107) to 77.1% (84/109) (p< .001). The average transportation time of blood samples to the laboratory significantly decreased from 3 hours 36 minutes (± 1 hour 52 minutes) to 3 hours 1 minute (± 1 hour 41 minutes) (t= 2.51, p= .013). The percentage of blood culture specimens arriving within 2 hours was increased significantly from 22.9% to 39.2% (χ²= 6.90, p= .009). Conclusion: The interventions were effective. However, some specimens remained in the ward longer than expected after the interventions. This requires further interventions.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the force delivery profile of thermoformed aligners (TFA) compared with direct-printed aligners (DPA) and to explore the effect of different activation amounts on forces and moments of respective groups. A secondary objective is to observe the amount of stress relaxation that occurs over the 7~14 days when aligners are maintained in a simulated intraoral environment. Materials and Methods: An in vitro setup was created to quantify forces and moments. It consisted of a three dimensional-printed base plate and segmented maxillary teeth, placed in a semi-enclosed chamber to maintain a temperature of 37℃. Ninety clear aligners were divided into nine groups of ten aligners each based on material types (Zendura, ATMOS, TC-85) and activation amounts. Aligners were created with 0.00, 0.25- and 0.50-mm activations for lingual bodily movement of the upper left central incisor and kept on models in the "stressed" position in a 37℃ water bath. Three force components acting on the upper left lateral incisor, upper left central incisor, and upper right central incisor were measured for each time point, beginning from the initial baseline measurement, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, and lastly, 14 days. Result: TC-85 aligners in every activation group showed less force on teeth than Zendura and ATMOS. Significant force levels from 0.0 mm activation were present and stayed consistent over the course of 14 days. Comparisons made for baseline measurements to 7-days and 14-days showed statistically significant change from the baseline force level. Conclusion: TC-85 aligners demonstrated lower, more consistent forces with fewer side effects. Aligners can generate forces even when no activation is programmed. No major decreases in force levels over time were observed; the intra-oral clinical simulated environment and length of observation time could contribute to this.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.186-189
• /
• 2002

Many of the adverse effects of solar UV exposure appear to be directly attributable to damage to epidermal DNA. In particular, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) may initiate mutagenic changes as well as induce signal transduction responses that lead to a loss of skin immune surveillance and micro-destruction of skin structure. Our approach is to reverse the DNA damage using prokaryotic DNA repair enzymes delivered into skin using specially engineered liposomes. T4 endonuclease V encapsulated in liposomes (T4N5 liposome lotion) enhanced DNA repair by shifting repair of CPD from the nucleotide excision to the base excision repair pathway. Following topical application to humans, increased repair limited UV-induction of cytokines, many of which are immunosuppressive. In a recent clinical study, topical treatment of UV-irradiated human skin with T4N5 liposome lotion reduced the suppression of the nickel sulfate contact hypersensitivity response. Similarly, the photoreactivating enzyme enhances repair by directly reversing CPDs after absorbing activating light. Here also treatment of UV-irradiated human skin with photoreactivating enzyme in liposomes and photoreactivating light restored the response to the contact allergen nickel sulfate. These findings confirm in humans the observation in mice that UV induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity is caused in part by CPDs. We have tested the ability of T4N5 liposome lotion to prevent UV-induced skin cancer in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), who have an elevated incidence of skin cancer resulting from a genetic defect in DNA repair. Daily use of the lotion for one year in a group of 20 XP patients reduced the average number of actinic keratoses by 68% and basal cell cancers by 30% compared to 9 patients in the placebo control group. Delivery of DNA repair enzymes to skin is a promising new approach to photoprotection.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.28-43
• /
• 2023

Purpose : Intensive care unit (ICU) diaries have been implemented across the international ICU community. This study aimed to comprehend the meaning and nature of the lived experience of patients' families using the ICU diary in Korea. Methods : This qualitative study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology. The participants comprised eight women and two men who were the family members of patients in the ICU for more than three days. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation from July 2018 to January 2019. Results : Patients' families who experienced the ICU diary recognized it with six beings according to time: a good idea, forgotten stuff, burdensome work, touching service, my stuff, and a thing in the memory. The ICU diary had three essential meanings for the families: communication, solace and hope, and a record of life. These findings were rearranged according to van Manen's fundamental existential, and the lived things and lived others were remarkably confirmed. Conclusion : Patients' families experienced various ICU diary forms over time and recognized an ICU diary as a means of communication. Therefore, the ICU diary is expected to be used as an intervention between families and healthcare providers in the ICU to support mutual communication.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1216-1233
• /
• 2023

Conventional occupational therapy (OT) is conducted under the observation of an occupational therapist, and there are limitations in measuring and analyzing details such as degree of hand tremor and movement tendency, so this important information may be lost. It is therefore difficult to identify quantitative performance indicators, and the presence of observers during performance sometimes makes the subjects feel that they have to achieve good results. In this study, by using the Unity3D and artificial intelligence (AI) speaker, we propose a system that allows the subjects to steadily use it by themselves and helps the occupational therapist objectively evaluate through quantitative data. This system is based on the OT of the sensory integration approach. And the purpose of this system is to improve children's activities of daily living by providing various feedback to induce sensory integration, which allows them to develop the ability to effectively use their bodies. A dynamic OT cognitive assessment tool for children used in clinical practice was implemented in Unity3D to create an OT environment of virtual space. The Leap Motion Controller allows users to track and record hand motion data in real time. Occupational therapists can control the user's performance environment remotely by connecting Unity3D and AI speaker. The experiment with the conventional OT tool and the system we proposed was conducted. As a result, it was found that when the system was performed without an observer, users can perform spontaneously and several times feeling ease and active mind.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.127-140
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of Korean Patient Classification System for nurses(KPCS-1), to estimate nursing time conversion index, and to classify patients into groups according to KPCS-1 scores. Methods: KPCS-1 was revised from KPCS by a professional review team. Interrater reliability and construct validity of KPCS-1 were verified by data from 433 patients. Direct and indirect nursing time of 204 patients were measured by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Nursing time conversion index was calculated. Results: KPCS-1 consisted of 12 area, 50 nursing activities, and 73 items. The interrater reliability was tested between two nurse group (r=.88, p<.001) and construct validity was verified according to medical department (F=10.97, p<.001) and patient pattern (F=5.54, p=.001). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.56, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 9.03 minutes per 1 classification score. The patients were classified into 4 groups by the classification scores. Conclusion: KPCS-1 can be a useful factor type patient classification system for general ward. Further study is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to develop ways connecting the scores with nursing outcomes.