• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.70-76
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated self-food restriction during breastfeeding, reviewed the literature showing the effect of maternal diet on the health of breast-fed infants, and explored the validity of dietary restrictions. Methods: Questionnaire data were collected from breastfeeding Korean mothers who visited the pediatric clinic of Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center from July 2015 through August 2015. The survey included items assessing maternal age, number of children, maternal educational attainment, household income, degree of difficulty with self-food restriction, types of self-restricted foods, dietary customs during breastfeeding, and sources of information about breastfeeding. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 145 mothers. More than a third (n=56, 39%) had discomfort from and usually avoided 4-5 types of food (mean, 4.92). Mothers younger than 40 years had more discomfort (odds ratio [OR], 12.762; P=0.017). Primiparas felt less discomfort than multiparas (OR, 0.436; P=0.036). Dietary practices were not influenced by maternal educational attainment or household income. The most common self-restricted foods were caffeine (n=131, 90.3%), spicy foods (n=124, 85.5%), raw foods (n=109, 75.2%), cold foods (n=100, 69%), and sikhye (traditional sweet Korean rice beverage) (n=100, 69%). Most mothers (n=122, 84.1%) avoided foods for vague reasons. Conclusion: Most mothers restricted certain foods unnecessarily. Literature review identified no foods that mothers should absolutely avoid during breastfeeding unless the infant reacts negatively to the food.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lateral position change and sternal complications after cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive case-control study, involving 241 patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Data from October 2011 to September 2014 were collected. Results: Sternal complications (i.e. dehiscence, sternal instability, mediastinitis) developed in 33 patients (13.7%). Primary symptoms of complications were discharge and erythema, and the mean time difference from surgery to appearance of symptoms was 15 days (range, 1-138 days). The factors associated with sternal complications were cancer comorbidity (${\chi}^2=5.22$, p=.039), internal mammary artery procedure (${\chi}^2=4.16$, p=.041), and duration of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (p=.033). Position change was not related to incidence of sternal complications (${\chi}^2=0.14$, p=.704). Pressure ulcers appeared in 63 patients (26.1%). Mean time difference from surgery until occurrence of ulcers was 6.7 hours (range, 0-323.0 hours), but position change was started from 132.4 hours (range, 27.1-503.2 hours) after intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: These results provide baseline data to create a standard position change and activity protocol for patients after median sternotomy. Furthermore, the study could help clinical practitioners establish evidence-based nursing practices.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the frequency and importance of task performance and the perceived competence to perform of the emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) certified in Korea. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 41 ENPs certified by March 2012. The questionnaire to identify frequency, importance, autonomy, and perceived competence to perform 131 typical ENP task elements was developed on the basis of the standardized role of an ENP defined by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The professional nursing practice showed the highest scores for performance frequency, task importance, autonomy, and perceived competence to perform as compared to other job categories. Clinical decision making was the most frequently performed duty. Data collection was the duty with highest levels of importance, autonomy, and perceived competence for the ENPs. However, the ENPs reported that research was the duty with the lowest levels of frequency, importance, autonomy, and perceived competence Conclusion: ENPs in Korea perform various tasks. In order to improve their position in the field, it is necessary to clarify their job description and enhance their competence to perform evidencebased professional nursing practices.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1022-1029
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• 2016

Objectives: This study surveyed doctors of Korean medicine on how they treat hypertension in their Korean clinical practices. Methods: An invitation to take an Internet-based questionnaire was sent to doctors who were registered in the Association of Korean Medicine in September 2016. Participants were first asked general profile questions, which included age, gender, work experience as a practitioner, and specialties. Second, they were asked whether they had experience with hypertension treatment and additional questions related to hypertension. Results: A total of 991 replies were received to the questionnaire. Most of the Korean medical doctors (95%) had blood pressure units and had monitored blood pressure. A majority of the Korean medicine doctors (55%) had provided hypertension treatment. Acupuncture and herbal medicine were commonly used for the treatment of hypertensive patients. In addition, bloodletting, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, cupping, Chuna, Qigong exercise, meditation, and Tai Chi were used. Many doctors also recommended lifestyle modification. The respondents said that Korean medicine improves general health conditions (42.6%) and has low adverse effects (29.9%). One of the most common opinions about the revitalization measures of Korean medicine was expanding health insurance benefits (20.8%). Conclusions: Through this survey, we found out information about the present situation of hypertension treatment in Korean medicine. In the future, it is possible that hypertension treatment using Korean medicine will be demanded and used by practitioners if it is covered by public health insurance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6875-6881
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• 2013

Background: Studies evaluating smoking cessation treatment outcomes in cancer patients are scarce, despite smoking cessation importance in cancer care. We sought to add to the literature by evaluating smoking cessation in a challenging group of cancer patients (medium-to-heavy smokers) visiting an out-patient smoking cessation clinic (SCC) in a cancer center in Amman, Jordan. Materials and Methods: Patients smoking >9 cigarettes per day (CPD) and referred to the SCC between June 2009 and May 2012 were studied. Clinic records were reviewed to measure demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, and longitudinal (3-, 6- and 12- month) follow-up by phone/clinic visit was conducted. At each follow-up, patients were asked if they experienced medication side-effects, if they had returned to smoking, and reasons for failing to abstain. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 201 smokers were included in the analysis. The 3-month abstinence was 23.4% and significantly associated with older age, being married, and presenting with lower (${\leq}10ppm$) baseline carbon monoxide (CO) levels. On a multivariable level, lower CO levels, a higher income (relative to the lowest income group), being older, and reporting severe dependence (relative to dependence reported as 'somewhat' or 'not') were significant predictors of higher odds of abstinence at three months. Reasons for failing to quit included not being able to handle withdrawal and seeing no value in quitting. Long-term ARs did not reach 7%. Conclusions: In a sample of Jordanian smokers (>9CPD) with cancer and receiving smoking cessation treatment, ARs were low and further declined with time. Results underscore the need for more aggressive patient management and rigorous follow-up during and after smoking cessation treatment, particularly when this takes place in challenging settings. Observed reasons for failure to abstain should be used to tailor counseling practices.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.452-457
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• 2016

If human body is exposed to the continuous stress, it becomes allostasis load which is the condition of homeostasis broken. Its evolutional ecologic point of view and the relation with chiljeongsnag which is a theory in Oriental Medicine were investigated. Upon evolutional ecologic point of view by Maynard Smith, people can be divided by Hawks and Doves resulting in different types of allostasis in response of the stress. Hawks people who are active and aggressive get easily anger in the stressful situation to be vulnerable to the inflammatory hepatic diseases by enhancing Th1 immune system. On the other hand, Doves people who are passive and calm get easily depressed with sadness in the stressful situation to be vulnerable to the allergic pulmonary diseases by enhancing Th2 immune system. According to constitution theory of Oriental Medicine, Yangin and Eumin show the different features of responses to the stress generating Chiljeongsang. With excessive stress continuously, Yangin consider the feeling of anger mainly resulting in Qi reversal and liver damage, while Eumin consider the feeling of sadness mainly in consumption of Qi and lung damage. Hawks and Yangin, and Doves and Eumin show the common behaviors in response to the stress demonstrating the similar features including allostasis load and Chiljeongsang. In the clinical practices with the stressful patients, the viewpoint to consider the behaviors and feelings of the subjects to receive the stress simultaneously can be the new approaching method in Psychosomatic Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between airflow obstruction and subjective health status reported by stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) residing in the community. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 78 stable COPD patients aged 69.7 years old on average and selected by a convenient sampling from an outpatient department of pulmonology in tertiary hospitals. They completed a constructed questionnaire including general characteristics, smoking history, dyspnea by modified medical research council (mMRC) scale, and health status by COPD assessment test (CAT). Anthropometric measurements were performed for body mass index (BMI) and pulse oxymetry for $O_2$ saturation (Sat $O_2$). Medical records were reviewed to obtain disease-related characteristics including duration of the disease, cardiovascular comorbidity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$). Data were analyzed using PASW statistics 20.0. Results: Mean $FEV_1%$ and CAT scores were 55.11% and 17.73, respectively. Those in the lower stage of mMRC showed significantly higher $FEV_1$ and lower CAT. $FEV_1$ and CAT showed significant negative correlations; age and BMI with $FEV_1$, and Sat $O_2$ with CAT. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the less airway obstruction was, the better health status was, and provide the support for using subjective measures in clinical practices for COPD patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10565-10571
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• 2015

Gastric cancer incidence rates vary dramatically by world region with East Asia having the highest rate. The Asian population of the United States (US) is growing rapidly and over 17 million Americans are of Asian descent. A majority of Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese Americans are immigrants. Americans of East and Southeast Asian descent experience marked gastric cancer disparities and the incidence rate among Korean men in the US is over five times higher than the incidence rate among non-Hispanic white men. Randomized controlled trials have provided evidence for the effectiveness of helicobacter pylori identification and eradication in preventing gastric cancer. Additionally, Japan and South Korea have both experienced improvements in gastric cancer mortality following the implementation of programs to detect early stage gastric cancers. There are currently no clear US guidelines regarding the primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer in high-risk immigrant populations. However, it is likely that a proportion of US physicians are already recommending gastric cancer screening for Asian patients and some Asian immigrants to the US may be completing screening for gastric cancer in their native countries. Surveys of US primary care physicians and Asian American communities should be conducted to assess current provider practices and patient uptake with respect to gastric cancer prevention and control. In the absence of clinical guidelines, US health care providers who serve high-risk Asian groups could consider a shared decision-making approach to helicobacter pylori identification and eradication, as well as gastric endoscopy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.57-74
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• 2016

Subject : Treatment of acupuncture & moxibustion in Huangdineijing Objectives : Discover the principles and substances of acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Huangdineijing Methods : The author reviewed the Huangdineijing: Suwen, Lingshu to gain a realistic sense of the facts and the medical book's contents that deal with the practices of acupuncture & moxibustion treatment for clinical praxis. Conclusions : 1. The acupuncture & moxibustion of Huangdineijing can be defined as follows. A treatment for correcting of meridian's drift by proper selection of surgical site, using suitable implementation and appropriate manipulation skill from a correct judgement of meridian's flowing through sensing the pulse for diagnosis when the meridian's flowing which come and go constantly driven by the tidal order of defensive Qi tactually appeared hard or soft caused by diseases, thus bring out the soft & gradual 50 laps circulation of nutrient Qi moderately driven by defensive Qi. 2. Today's acupuncture & moxibustion treatments greatly differ from those of Huangdineijing in that we do not know the substance of that treatment which is correcting of meridian's drift and do not obligatorily carry out feeling of the pulse for diagnosis which is a measure & judgement of meridian's flowing against a preliminary treatment in parallel with treatment so reduce use and power of that treatment. 3. I could form a list of general principle from the substances of acupuncture & moxibustion of Huangdineijing like as the flowing or fate of meridian Qi(tidally going in order of defensive Qi and nutrient Qi), deficiency or excess of Meridian flowing, comparing diagnosis before and after treatment, bring out the soft & gradual Qi. That was imposing "the concept of time" on recognition and treatment to human body.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.301-316
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• 2007

With these changes in the environment of dental service, dental hygienists are suggested to change their roles to cope with the changes. Hygienists are putting forth many efforts to promote smooth and efficient dental treatments, and as a practical measure. As a part to cope with such changes. Korea Dental Hygienists Association(KDHA) has prepared the system of Specialized Dental Hygienist and put the system into enforcement through an affiliated organization, Korean Academy of Dental Hygiene. The purpose of this study is to investigate the specialized nurse system in our country's medical environment and the specialized dental hygienist systems in other countries as similar cases comparable to the specialized dental hygienist system in our country and present basic data for the establishment of specialized dental hygienist system. For this study, a survey of dental specialists, such as dentists, dental hygienists and nurses, and patients, has been conducted qualitatively through person-to-person depth interview. The interview questions were related to the need for a specialized dental hygienist system, educational programs, functions and roles, and issues that must be solved for establishment of the system. Based on the interview results, the following conclusions were derived. The specialized dental hygienist system must encourage dental hygienists to possess advanced abilities in clinical practices, present systematic and developmental directions in educational programs, and stimulate specialized dental hygienists to actively work as manager and supervisor, medical health service providers, educators, and researchers. Lastly, for issues that must be solved for the establishment of the system, the duties and jobs of specialized dental hygienists must be defined more concretely, which must be acknowledged by people working in related occupations, citizens and the government. Furthermore, we need to examine the scope of duties of dental hygienists and enact laws and systems to protect the scope. These roles will lead dental hygienists to lay the foundation that allow them to make enthusiastic activities as an oral hygienist and clinician as well as show the way how to act as an educator, a researcher, a manager and an administrator.