• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.707-718
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was designed to understand the conceptual definition and attributes of the clinical critical thinking ability(CCTA) in nursing and to grasp the characteristics of clinical critical thinking abilities. Methods: The data were analyzed using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim(2000). Results: Having the skills and dispositions to think critically, CCTA refers to something that implies the cognizant ability to interpret contextual meanings, analyze the relationships between materials or circumstances, draw out the best conclusions, predict things using relevant information and evaluate the reliability of information and the strength of inference on the one hand and the emphatic disposition to be curious, open-minded, intellectually integral, systematic and creative and to reflect on things in contextual terms on the other. Conclusion: CCTA is characterized by clinical circumstances, such as guessing the reasons for facts, predicting things, connecting theory to practice and approaching individual situation in total terms as well as by the Korean circumstances, such as taking another person's perspective. Hence, this study proposes developing the tools to measure the clinical critical thinking ability and the strategies to improve the clinical critical thinking ability and seeking to verify their validity, on the basis of the findings.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2013

The Korean pharmacy education has introduced new curriculum since 2011. In the new curriculum, pharmacy students have been provided strenthen experimental education and clinical pharmacy has been more important than previous curriculum. Thus, faculties in the college of pharmacy should prepare the circumstances correlated with the changed curriculum. To accomplish successful setting, all faculty and practice experts must work together and need financial assisstant from the college. However, there are many different obstacles among 35 colleges of pharmacy in Korea. In order to narrow a gap among students and find the way to overcome it together, we studied the problem of preparation process in Korean colleges of Pharmacy. We studied the process of practical education in college of pharmacy by means of self-reporting questionnaire from November 29th 2012 to December 31th 2012. The questionaire comprised of syllabus related to clinical pharmacy, the number of professor in charge of clinical pharmacy or pharmacotherapeutics, the plan of securing faculties in the field of clinical pharmacy, the budget, site, instrument for preparing experimental education, the lesson time number of experimental education, MOU, education and treatment of preceptor in the practice site and committee of experimental education in the college. Total 21 of 35 colleges participated in this survey. They showed different composition of syllabus, budget, the circumstances of experimental education, the education and treatment of preceptor. Most colleges are unclear the site and preceptor of experimental education and they did not contract the MOU with the sites. 9 of 21 also did not have the committee of experimental education in the colleges. From 2013, some colleges of pharmacy start actual experimental education. Inadequete preparation and different quality of education can make student incomplete pharmacists, so it will be negative effect on public health. To overcome challenge and obtain desirable goal, funding/administrative assistant from the college and networking within 35 colleges of pharmacy are needed.

• 산업공학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.488-497
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• 2007

In order to provide appropriate decision supports in medical domain, it is required that clinical knowledge should be implemented in a computable form and integrated with hospital information systems. Healthcare organizations are increasingly adopting tools that provide decision support functions to improve patient outcomes and reduce medical errors. This paper proposes a process centric clinical decision support system based on medical knowledge. The proposed system consists of three major parts - CPG (Clinical Practice Guideline) repository, service pool, and decision support module. The decision support module interprets knowledge base generated by the CPG and service part and then generates a personalized and patient centered clinical process satisfying specific requirements of an individual patient during the entire treatment in hospitals. The proposed system helps health professionals to select appropriate clinical procedures according to the circumstances of each patient resulting in improving the quality of care and reducing medical errors.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.68-78
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• 2009

Evidence based clinical practice guideline are designed to help healthcare practitioners evaluate and implement the increasing amount of evidence on best practice. Critical care area is one of the clinical sites where evidence based clinical practice guideline is needed most. This paper reviewed the definition of evidence based clinical practice guidelines, the development method of evidence based clinical practice guideline, and the current trends in guideline developing. Traditional method of guideline development is consensus based but it moves into evidence based development. Evidence based guideline is based on best available evidence and uses the strongest method to determine its effect on clinical outcomes. The current trends in guidelines is to develop the guideline at regional/national level and do subsequent modification to suit local circumstances. There is an urgent need of exploring the method of guideline development and adaptation which are appropriate for Korean clinical setting.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2008

Acute otitis media and acute sinusitis are some of the most common antibiotic-prescribed diseases in childhood. Usually, with an accurate diagnosis, a 10-14 day course of antibiotics is recommended to cover common causative agents, including pneumococci. Establishment of management guidelines for these infectious diseases based on further study of the epidemiologic profile, antibiotic resistance, and clinical circumstances in Korea is needed.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.214-231
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this research is a comparative study of the actual, the perceptive and the ideal body shape of the obese and non-obese female in their twenties and thirties Methods: The actual, the perceptive and the ideal body shape of the obese female and the non-obese female were collected and statistically analyzed in 25-34 years old. Results: In 25-29 years old the obese group and the non-obese group shows considerable difference in the weight, abdomen, calf circumstance in their actual body shape, but they recognize similar size as their ideal body shape in the hip, thigh and calf circumstances. They recognized that they are fatter than the actual body shape in the thigh, hip, and calf circumstances in common. In 30-34 years old the obese group and the non-obese group shows considerable difference in the weight, upper arm, abdomen, hip, thigh, calf circumstances in the actual body shape, but they recognize similar size as their ideal body shape in the thigh, hip, and calf circumstances. They recognized that they are fatter than the actual body shape in the weight, upper arm circumstances in common. Conclusion: These new data about body shape in 25-34 years women could be adopt as a useful clinical tool for body image related patients such as obesity, PCOD and postpartum patient in Korean women.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the teaching effectiveness and clinical learning environment on the clinical practice competency in nursing students. Method: Undergraduate nursing students (268) enrolled in one of 4 universities in 2 cities completed a survey questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS/Win 11.0 program. Results: The mean score for teaching effectiveness was 3.09 (${\pm}.53$) on a 5-point scale, for clinical learning environment, 3.09 (${\pm}.50$) on a 5-point scale, and for clinical practice competency, 3.94 (${\pm}.52$) on a 6-point scale. Significant positive correlations were found between teaching effectiveness and clinical learning environment, and clinical practice competency. The regression model explained 8.8% of clinical practice competency. Teaching effectiveness and clinical learning environment were significant predictors of clinical practice competency. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that teaching effectiveness and clinical learning environment be considered when developing strategies to increase clinical practice competency in nursing students.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.403-407
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• 2012

Noninferiority trials test whether a new experimental treatment is not unacceptably less efficacious than an active control treatment already in use. With continuous improvements in health technologies, standard care, and clinical outcomes, the incremental benefits of newly developed treatments may be only marginal over existing treatments. Sometimes assigning patients to a placebo is unethical. In such circumstances, there has been increasing emphasis on the use of noninferiority trial designs. Noninferiority trials are more complex to design, conduct, and interpret than typical superiority trials. This paper reviews the concept of noninferiority trials and discusses some important issues related to them.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.606-616
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• 2014

Purpose: This study compares differences between male and female nursing students in terms of the level of stress experienced during clinical practice settings, stress coping mechanisms and clinical competency. Method: The study population was nursing students who had taken a clinical practice course at one of five general hospitals in city D. Data were collected from September 15 to October 15, 2013 through a structured self-administered questionnaire survey given to 319 subjects (156 male students, 163 female students) enrolled in a statistical analysis course. Results: Male nursing students experienced lower stress levels during clinical practice and higher clinical competency than female students. In terms of stress coping mechanisms, male students were significantly more active than female students in deploying coping strategies. Among all students, students with higher clinical practice stress and concomitant stress coping scores exhibited higher clinical competency. Conclusion: Noticeable differences between male and female nursing students in terms of stress levels arising in the course of clinical practice, stress coping strategies, and clinical competency were revealed. However, further identification of specific stressful situations for male and female nursing students and subsequent management of clinical training circumstances are required.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2015

Purpose: Frostbite can affect still soldiers. Initial clinical manifestations are similar for superficial and deep frostbite, so early treatment is identical. It is under-estimated by physicians. We try to identify the challenges of managing these complex tissue injuries. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 84 patients hospitalized at AFCH from 2009 to 2015 was conducted. We investigated differences of epidemiological characteristics, identification of soft tissue injury, treatment and complications between superficial (SF: 43; 51.2%) and deep (DF: 41; 48.8%) frostbite. Results: The major (94.0%) developed frostbite in dry circumstances (89.3%). Wet circumstances (66.7%) were more susceptible to DF rather than dry (46.7%). The 38 (45.2%) arrived to specialist within 7days. Most prone sites were feet, followed by hands. Toes had more deep injuries. DF presented more increased levels of ALT, CPK, CKMB, CRP. The bone scan of W+S+ was 48.3%, 87.1% and W+S- was 20.7%, 12.9%, respectively. The treatment resulted in improved or normalized perfusion scan with matching clinical improvement. It was a good tool to assess treatment response. Eighteen normal and 8 stenotic type of PCR resulted in normal with matching clinical improvement. One continuous obstructive waveform led to minor amputation. Twelve underwent both PCR and MRA. Among 6 normal PCR, 5 showed normal and one stenosis in MRA. All 5 stenosis and one obstruction showed the same findings in MRA. It was a good tool to evaluate vascular compromise. They were treated with rapid rewarming (11.6%, 22.0%), hydrotherapy (16.3%, 29.3%), respectively. Six (14.6%) underwent STSG, 2 (4.9%) had digital amputation in DF. Berasil, Ibuprofen, Trental were commonly administered. PGE1 was administered selectively for 6.8, 10.8 days, respectively. Raynaud's syndrome (16.3%), CRPS (4.7%), LOM (14.6%) and toe deformity (4.9%) were specific sequelae. Conclusion: We should recommend intensive foot care education, early rewarming and evacuation to specialized units. The bone scanning and PCR should allow for a more aggressive and active approach to the management of tissue viability.