• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1997

Health can be maintained and promoted by pursuing a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle implies keeping healthy habits such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, weight control, and stress management etc. The objectives of this study are: (1) To find out patterns in the lifestyle and health status of high school students. (2) To analyze the factors that affect a healthy lifestyle. (3) To compare the level of understanding of a healthy lifestyle and its practice between male students and female students. The study population wag 388 high school students. The data was analysed through a % total, a $X^2$ test, and a multiple classification analysis. The lifestyle assessment questionnaire was devided into ten sections. The results are as follows; (1) There was a positive correlation between health status and a healthy lifestyle. (2) There existed strong positive correlations between independent variables (age, group) and dependent variable (nutritional practices, physical activity, stress management, serve of purpose). (3) The level of understanding of a healthy lifestyle was not high for most of the students. Female students showed a higher understanding than male students in nutrition practice, while male students group showed a higher and under standing than female students for physical activity. The other result were similar in their practice of a healthy lifestyle. With all these above considerations, the level of understanding and practice of a healthy lifestyle in students was not higher than the adult group. Students should have more educational opportunities and take a more systematic education in practicing a healthy lifestyle.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation of the Mt. Naeyeon with phytosociological analysis of ZM school and to explain ordination of communities with CCA. The research sites were located between the northern part of Pohang-si area and the southern part of Yeongdeok-gun area. The 70 plots consisted of 253 species were investigated. The forest vegetation was classified into Quercus mongolica community, Q. variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community and Zelkova serrata community. Q. mongolica community was divided into 2 groups such asRhododendron schlippenbachii group and Euonymus oxyphyllus group and Q. variabilis community was divided into 3 groups such as Syneilesis palmata group, Lespedeza × tomentilla group and Tilia mandshurica group, and Z. serrata community was divided into 2 groups such as Carpinus cordata group and Diospyros lotus group. According to the results of CCA ordination, Q. mongolica community showed high positive correlation to altitutde and topography, whereas it showed negative correlation to bare rock. Buck Z. serrata community showed the opposite tendency to Q. mongolica community. Altitude was considered as the most important factor among 5 environmental variables in the correlation with axes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2003

In most mountainous parts of the temperate zone of Japan along the Pacific Ocean, some climatic climax forests, whose main dominant species is Fagus crenate, F. japonica or Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, are distributed. In the riparian regions of the zone, however, there appear summer green forests composed of the different species from the climatic climax forests. Climate plays an important role in determining the overall distribution of vegetation, but some environmental factors, i.e., topography, soil type, soil moisture content, etc. have a great influence on vegetation formation. Riparian forests seem to be controlled by various geomorphologic disturbances, such as landslide, soil erosion and accumulation. The study aims to present the relationships among vegetation, soils and landforms in the process of determining riparian forests dominated by Fraxinus platypoda and Pterocarya rhoifolia establishment in the mountainous region of central Japan. The study area extends an area of 302 ha with a range of elevation between 925 m and 1,681 m at the Chichibu mountains. The landforms were corditied at sampling grids (25 $\times$ 25 m, n = 4,843) using a hierarchical system, and a brief description of the forest soil classification was also given. The mutual relationship analysis indicated that forest soils and landforms play a significant role in determining the geomorphological process of riparian forest, and shaping the ultimate pattern of vegetation. At the study area, riparian forests were mainly found on the $B_E$ forest soil type and steep slopes ( > 30$^{\circ}$) at convex slopes along the streams. On the other hand, the direction of slopes did not have a significant impact on the establishment of the riparian forests. A mosaic of patchy distribution of those riparian forests on the slightly wetter $B_E$ forest soil type was one of the characteristic features of the study area. This particular soil which contained large talus gravels was found on the land formed by erosion and deposition of landslide.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.123-138
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the characteristic variables of businesses that would impact the choice of their type in the 6th industry and analyze how they work. To this end, this study analyzed data of 752 businesses certified as belonging to the 6th industry in 2015 through the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm in decision tree analysis. The results of analysis showed that the type of agricultural product processing affected shaping the type of the 6th industry at the early stage of growth while the type of agricultural product processing, the type of service, region and sales volumes at the stage of growth and service strategy and the type of agricultural product processing at the stage of maturity. These findings empirically identified key business factors that could support businesses in the 6th industry at each stage of growth and presented a direction forward for support of the 6th industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1881-1886
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• 2016

Background: CA125 is very helpful in treatment monitoring and detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) recurrence. However there is controversy as to its accuracy and optimal usage. What is the impact of the CA125 levels before primary surgery treatment to the survival of patients? This study aimed to detect any association of preoperative serum levels with prognosis and survival in EOC patients. Materials and Methods: Our cohort comprised EOC patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, who complied with follow up. To explore the effect of preoperative CA125 levels and other variables on survival Cox's regression models were applied. Results: A total of 90 cases of EOC who had surgery were available for follow up. The level of CA125 proved to be a prognostic factor for overall survival of EOC patients, with an adjusted HR of 4.10 (p = 0.03). Adjuvant chemotherapy was another prognostic factor, 1 - 2 cycles having an adjusted HR of 0.17 (p = 0.04) and 3 - 8 cycles HR 0.39 (p = 0.06). Other factors such as age of patients adjusted HR 1.54 (p = 0.32), moderate differentiation (adjusted HR 1.61, p = 0.51) poor differentiation (adjusted HR 3.41, p = 0.15), and stage of disease (adjusted HR 1.98,p=0.27) were statistically not significant. However, this might have been because the power of the study was low. Conclusions: Preoperative level of CA125 is a prognostic factor for overall survival in EOC patients. The best cut-off for prognostic classification of CA125 serum level is 70 U/ml.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.951-955
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Iran between 2000 and 2009, with adenocarcinoma (AC) as the most common histological type. Demographic, topographic and histological variables are important in the epidemiology and biology of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathological features of colon adenocarcinomas in Qazvin, Iran. Materials and Methods: With a retrospective design, patient records of two pathology wards from March 1997 to March 2013 were studied with regard to anatomical location and histological classification. A broader anatomical grouping was also used including distal vs proximal regions and right sided vs left sided tumors. Data were analyzed using T-test and chi-square test. Results: 118 (50.9%) male and 114 (49.1%) female patients were included in the study. Mean age was $57.3{\pm}14.7$ years, with 29.2% under 50 years. There was no significant gender difference for age at diagnosis. The rectum (56%) and sigmoid colon (25%) were the most frequent anatomical locations. Proximal cases accounted for 18.6% in males and 8.8% in females (p=0.02). AC was more prevalent than other usual types in younger patients. The proportion of proximal cancer was 1.7% in first eight years of the study period vs 12.1% in the second one (p=0.005). A similar trend was also seen in right sided colon cancers (p=0.018). Conclusions: Young people are also at risk for the cancer with poor prognosis. Screening programs and weight loss in obese individuals can reduce incidence and complications of CRC.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.307-320
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• 2013

We performed comprehensive quality control for eddy-covariance measurements from 3 farmland sites and 1 industrial site adjacent to Nakdong river. The quality control program is based on Foken and Wichura (1996) and Vicker and Mahrt (1997) and we added criteria for trend and standard deviation for scalar variables and modified criteria for non-stationarity condition of Foken and Wichura (1996) to consider random error of fluxes. The classification of data quality is designed for the raw data and the processed flux data, separately. Use of added criteria efficiently reduces the number of outlier for water vapor and $CO_2$ fluxes and use of modified criteria for non-stationarity reduces the number of outlier for scalar fluxes and increases the number of data with accepted quality for further work. Energy balance ratio is higher in farmlands than industrial site, which is due to neglect of heat storage term in industrial site. Among farmland sites, C4 site shows higher energy balance ratio than other sites. This is due to more homogeneous surface of C4 site than other farmland sites. However, energy balance ratio is very low or even negative at night. Mismatch between the flux footprint and the other energy component footprint over the heterogeneous surface is main cause for energy imbalance at night. Other possible causes are also discussed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out any difference and correlation between the cardiac structure and its function according to the level of obesity as evaluated by waist measurement and BMI (body mass index) in healthy adults. For research subjects, the study selected a final 519 subjects excluding 198 subjects aged 55 or over out of 717 subjects who received echocardiography through a medical checkup at J General Hospital. For the criteria for obesity, men were defined as being obese in case their waist measurement was over 90 cm, whereas women were defined as being obese in case their waist measurement was over 80 cm. Also, regarding the BMI criteria, in case a person's BMI was 30 kg/$m^2$, the subject was classified as belonging to an obese group, and in case a person's BMI was between 25 kg/$m^2$ and 30 kg/$m^2$, the subject was classified as belonging to an overweight group. Concerning the evaluation of cardiac structure and function, they were evaluated using two-dimensional, M-mode, doppler echocardiography. According to the stage of obesity in accordance with waist measurement and BMI, the cardiac structure showed both eccentric and centripetal changes, and the cardiac function was also discovered to show differences according to the stage of obesity. In addition, also in the overweight group, which is a prior stage to obesity, out of the criteria for obesity classification according to BMI, there were differences in the cardiac structure and function. Also, both the waist measurement and BMI were found to have a correlation with cardiac structure and diastolic function. Consequently, cardiac structure and function are correlated with BMI and waist measurement, which are anthropometrical variables, and obesity is assumed to induce not only structural change but also functional change of the heart.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.448-458
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to study real body size and ideal body shape by consoidering the degree of satisfaction at body part and understanding body size by the degree of leanness/obesity. The subjects in this study were 201 female college students aged from 18 to 26. Boby measurements and survey were taken from May to June, 1991 and 1992. Data were analyzed by correlation analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, discriminant analysis and crosstabulation analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. The subjects tended to be satisfied with long and slim limbs, slim trunk, and prefered to be tall in height and light in weight. Also the consciousness about thickness was keener than that about length of the body. 2. The subjects were conscious that lower body was more obese than and upper body. Also, the consciousness of whole body had higher correlation with that of upper body than lower body. 3. The subjects were classified into 4 clusters each consisting 23, 87. 68, 23 by cluster analysis of 21 variables after a transformation of measurements to eliminate body size factor. This classification was considered to express how lean or how obese a human body appears. 4. According to the degree of leanness/obesity from lean tendency group I to obese tendency group IV, characteristics of the body shape were changed as follows ; height lower, limbs shorter, trunk and limbs thicker and weight heavier. 5. The subjects of lean tendency group I were more satisfied with their body than those of obese tendency group IV. 6. The subjects, although they were not judged to be obese by somatometric measurements, felt themselves obese. Also, they hoped to be slimmer at lower body than upper body.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze factors in country risk between Cambodia and Vietnam. OECD and the Export-Import Ban of Korea assess country risk of Cambodia more highly than Vietnam. As results of the parametric tests for evaluation factors on the basis of country risk classification, the economic growth rate, the foreign trade index, and the foreign exchange reserves among the economic risks with the corruption index as the political and social risk have statistically significant effect on the difference between country risks of two countries. However, discriminant factor analysis indicates that the economic growth rate, the foreign exchange reserves, and the corruption index are key variables, which represent the difference between country risks of Cambodia and Vietnam. Consequently, the government of Cambodia needs to try to root out the corruption and to expand trade through increasing export for lowering the country risk to the level of Vietnam. Vietnam would also need to focus on attaining the sustainable high economic growth rate and increasing the foreign exchange reserves.