• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.1 s.97
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

To design ship channel is one of important factors for planning and developing a port. In most case, the core factors for designing ship channel are the layout and width of channel provided the net underkeel clearance is secured to be safe enough to pass. In this study, Variable Bumper Area(VBA) model is applied to design and assess ship channel. This model reflects ship's particular, ship domain theory, ship speed and mariner's ship handling skill and experience, especially external forces which cause leeway, set and drift and the change of ship maneuvering characteristics. A real time, full mission shiphandling simulator is used to analyze ship dynamic data according to mariner's ship control, external forces, ete. This model defines Domain degree and Domain-index for assessing the efficiency and safety of the channel. The proposed model is applied to Ulsan new port plan which has a channel width of 1.5 times the length of the largest vessel, a radius of 5 times the length of the largest vessel in a curve of 57 degree centerline angle and SBM facility adjacent to the lateral edge of channel. The result of this study shows that the width of the channel and radius of channel curve are suitable for the target ship but the difficulty of ship handling is caused by the large course change and SBM located in the vicinity of channel.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.807-823
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• 2008

This paper presents a technique for estimating discharge rating curve parameters. In typical practical applications, the original non-linear rating curve is transformed into a simple linear regression model by log-transforming the measurement without examining the effect of log transformation. The model of pseudo-likelihood estimation is developed in this study to deal with heteroscedasticity of residuals in the original non-linear model. The parameters of rating curves and variance functions of errors are simultaneously estimated by the pseudo-likelihood estimation(P-LE) method. Simulated annealing, a global optimization technique, is adapted to minimize the log likelihood of the weighted residuals. The P-LE model was then applied to a hypothetical site where stage-discharge data were generated by incorporating various errors. Results of the P-LE model show reduced error values and narrower confidence intervals than those of the common log-transform linear least squares(LT-LR) model. Also, the limit of water levels for segmentation of discharge rating curve is estimated in the process of P-LE using the Heaviside function. Finally, model performance of the conventional log-transformed linear regression and the developed model, P-LE are computed and compared. After statistical simulation, the developed method is then applied to the real data sets from 5 gauge stations in the Geum River basin. It can be suggested that this developed strategy is applied to real sites to successfully determine weights taking into account error distributions from the observed discharge data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.238-250
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• 2020

This study investigated the long-term measures to minimize flood damage in the event of flooding in urban areas. The relationship between urban spatial factors and the impact of flood damage was analyzed, focusing on non-structural measures. The urban spatial factors were categorized into three parts: open space, disaster prevention facilities, and urbanization sectors. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how urban spatial factors influence flood damage. As a result of the analysis, the crucial factors, such as the reduced green areas and parks included in the open space sectors, resulted in an increased flood damage potential. The posterior factors, such as the population density and GRDP included in the urbanization sector concurrently led to an increase in the flood damage potential. Therefore, to better adapt to climate change, it is necessary to establish urban spatial plans strategically, such as green areas and parks. Meanwhile, the population density and GRDP are also the main factors causing flood damage. Therefore, when used appropriately in terms of resilience, it will serve as adaptations and recovery.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs(MLTM) project for the DB construction of national geotechnical information was automatically computerized the geotechnical investigation results on the construction site in 2007. So 'the rule for computerizing of geotechnical investigation results and its application' were promoted the establishment and applicable project. It was promoted in earnest that all organization and affiliation of MLTM, local governments included the project because of stabilization of the law from 2008. We have analyzed a application-ratio of geotechnical information about users of geotechnical information system and distribution data and established a plan of applying enhancement for the DB construction and DB utilization in 2008. In this paper, we propose the result for application-ratio analysis and application plan through the application-case study of national geotechnical information DB. In the application-ratio analysis, the analysis in the field shows the most high as 39% in construction planning and preliminary investigation, the analysis in the effect of capabilities shows the most high as 25% in the increased efficiency of business. Also the analysis in the field of application shows the most high as 95% a application-ratio of geotechnical information in architecture and civil.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

This study aimed to provide the basic data to establish measures for the management of the public toilets and reduction of the offensive odor through the air dilution olfactory method and instrumental analysis about offensive odor dilution rate of public toilets, focusing on the Dong-gu, Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. The offensive odor intensities ranged from 10 degree to 669 degrees in the urinal toilets and from 31 to 464 in closet bowl toilets. Meanwhile, toilets that had offensive odor of more than 2.5, of which a civil complaint can be filed, were researched 6 (33%). Offensive odor intensities were different according to the closet bowl toilets of the flush, fermented and conventional methods and the year of their installation, but not according to the area of the toilets. As a result of the instrumental analysis targeting 6 public toilets to identify the offensive odor substance, the maximal concentration of $NH_3$ was 2.04 ppm and the average concentration was 0.67 ppm, but $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$ and $(CH_3)_3N$ were not detected. In the fermented and conventional public toilets were not soaps, air fresheners and wastebaskets. Just 50% of the flush toilets had toilet tissue.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2020

In this study, the two-dimensional flow analysis model Hydro_AS-2D model was used to simulate the situation of flooding in Seongsangu and Uichang-gu in Changwon in the event of rising sea levels and extreme flooding, and the results were expressed on three-dimensional topography and the optimal evacuation path was derived using BIM technology. Climate change significantly affects two factors in terms of flood damage: rising sea levels and increasing extreme rainfall ideas. The rise in sea level itself can not only have the effect of flooding coastal areas and causing flooding, but it also raises the base flood level of the stream, causing the rise of the flood level throughout the stream. In this study, the rise of sea level by climate change, the rise of sea level by storm tidal wave by typhoon, and the extreme rainfall by typhoon were set as simulated conditions. The three-dimensional spatial information of the entire basin was constructed using the information of topographical space in Changwon and the information of the river crossing in the basic plan for river refurbishment. Using BIM technology, the target area was constructed as a three-dimensional urban information model that had information such as the building's height and location of the shelter on top of the three-dimensional topographical information, and the results of the numerical model were expressed on this model and used for analysis for evacuation planning. In the event of flooding, the escape route is determined by an algorithm that sets the path to the shelter according to changes in the inundation range over time, and the set path is expressed on intuitive three-dimensional spatial information and provided to the user.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.191-206
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• 2016

Pedestrian performance measurement has generally used the average values of pedestrian volumes and speeds from a sample, although each individual's pedestrian behavior of the sample is mainly affected by his/her socio-economic and physical characteristics. In particular, if such individual characteristics of the sample have wide variations, the average values are hard to be representative. In this respect, this study found that a platoon of pedestrians had a major effect on their pedestrian flows on sidewalks. The more platoons was mixed on pedestrian roads, the lower pedestrian flow rate was. The indexes such as a pedestrian flow rate and an occupancy space are typically calculated by pedestrian volumes in a given period of time regardless of the existence of a platoon. However, it is plausible that a pedestrian speed and a level of pedestrian congestion can be different under the equal amount of pedestrian volumes. Therefore, this study suggested criteria for determining level of service for pedestrian considering platoon effects and confirmed that two places had different pedestrian LOSs because of the platoon effects, even if they showed the same pedestrian flow rate.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 2012

This paper evaluates the governance of the Andong International Mask Dance Festival. The evaluation focuses on mutual cross-assessment of agents engaging in governance relating to four elements: social justification, reliability, professionalism and transparency. Governance based on co-operative partnership was the essential factor leading to the mask festival's success. Governance of the Andong International Mask Dance Festival in 2011 was privately initiated governance having horizontal and open partnership among festival specialists, civil society organizations, regional business organizations, volunteers and local government, with the Andong Festival Tourism Foundation as the central figure. Three of governance elements were successfully carried through; the exception was transparency. The agents who gave more positive evaluations were those who played leading roles in planning and conducting events, as well as in assessing those events. The reasons for positively assessing the elements are the significance of the festival and the guarantee of agents' participation in social justification; the ability of agents, as well as cognitional and institutional trust in reliability; expert knowledge, capacity to suggest alternatives and duality of business in professionalism; and effective communication, the guarantee of opening of information and information sharing in transparency. To improve the effectiveness of governance, the system for allowing passive agents to contribute usefully should be strengthened. Mutual communication and sharing of information among agents, as well as between agents and residents, also should be more strongly reinforced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2010

This paper discusses a new software package, DEM_Comp, developed for effectively compressing large digital elevation model (DEM) data sets based on Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression and Huffman coding. DEM_Comp was developed using the $C^{++}$ language running on a Windows-series operating system. DEM_Comp was also tested on various test sites with different territorial attributes, and the results were evaluated. Recently, a high-resolution version of the DEM has been obtained using new equipment and the related technologies of LiDAR (LIght Detection And Radar) and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar). DEM compression is useful because it helps reduce the disk space or transmission bandwidth. Generally, data compression is divided into two processes: i) analyzing the relationships in the data and ii) deciding on the compression and storage methods. DEM_Comp was developed using a three-step compression algorithm applying a DEM with a regular grid, Lempel-Ziv compression, and Huffman coding. When pre-processing alone was used on high- and low-relief terrain, the efficiency was approximately 83%, but after completing all three steps of the algorithm, this increased to 97%. Compared with general commercial compression software, these results show approximately 14% better performance. DEM_Comp as developed in this research features a more efficient way of distributing, storing, and managing large high-resolution DEMs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5673-5682
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• 2015

Purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the utilization of low-rise floor Pilotis space which is frequently selected as a major planning element in recent high-rise apartment complex and to identify the interrelationship between the placement of Pilotis space in the complex and space utilization frequency by comparing circulation related indicators of Connectivity, Control Value, Global Integration and Local Integration through Space Syntax axial analysis. Conclusions of this study are, first, Pilotis space is not used as a space to improve regional community consciousness because it is mostly used as a 'simple movement space'. Second, regarding space utilization frequency differences in Pilotis space in each apartment building, projecting entry access+pilotis addition type complex shows more significant utilization frequency than pilotis access type complex, and the vandalism phenomenon is observed more often. Third, Pilotis space utilization is related with Connectivity, Control Value, Global Integration and Local Integration which are circulation related indicators in Space Syntax, and Pilotis spaces with high indicator values over 2 tend to show higher utilization frequency and those with low indicator values over 2 tend to show low utilization frequency.