• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-122
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• 1994

The landscape plannings were composed of the fundamental provisions which are important factors for the city and local plannings in Germany. The State Government run institute like LOLF in NRW have been established to solve the serious ecological problems. The institute have completed the basic system covering various ecological problems, such as environmental affection analysis and ecological risk, to contribute the application of the various land-using plants. The ecological landscape plannings are regarded as major fundamental plans of environmental preservation for the plannings development. The problems about the local landscape plannings needed to be preserved ecologically are introduced into the Federal Nature Preservation Law and State Congress Law in order to carry out the environmental protection policy effectively. The local landscape plannings are divided into two-step models by the special classification system for the planning. One is build-up of an independent design separated from city plans functionally, and the other is a systematic regulation for cooperation between the local plans and ecological conservation functions. The local plannings including lands to be preserved as the Nature Preservatin Zone is classified a rest area total sectioned plains.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2002

This study is the basic step of including the economical value of household labor into the existing GDP. Therefore this study analyzes statistical data; $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$Economical Active Population Survey$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$, $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$Time Used Survey$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$, $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$Basic Wage Structural Survey$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$, and $\mathbb{\ulcorner}$City Household Survey$\mathbb{\lrcorner}$ for that step and will help people to reconsider the importance of the economical value household work. Economical Active Population Survey classifies housework as economically nonoproductive activity Time Use Survey does not have an clear classification for action. Basic Wage Structural Survey must give subdividable information on wage. City Household Survey should include more details and more data of household durables.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

The purpose of the study was to identify the housing plan responding to lifestyles of residents living in Center of Ulsan city. A total of 230 date sets were analyzed after collecting questionnaire from 284 households using convenient sampling method. For date analysis, descriptive statistics. cross analysis, One-Way ANOVA, factor analysis, cluster analysis were performed by SPSS program. The research centered on the possibility of categorizing lifestyles of residents based upon their living awareness. The results showed that there are four major categorizes of residents's lifestyles. According to classification of their lifestyles, This study tried to analyse the characteristics of residents based upon the characteristics of the households, housing satisfaction. The analysis instrument of the lifestyle concept will be useful to develop the new strategies and to plan the new multi-family houses.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

This study is to suggest design types and to identify design characteristics of traditional style public buildings. Since the types of such buildings became very diverse recently, proper classification criteria is essential for future design and evaluation. The demand for such buildings is continuously increasing, but the types of design is very varied; thus it seems important to identify the present design conditions, and to be able to suggest desirable directions for better designs. The research analyzes 31 examples of public buildings in Gwangju Metropolitan City and South Jeolla Province, where there are large number of traditional style public buildings than anywhere else in Korea, and tried to analyzed site plan, elevation, space, details and organizes Design types. This study can help to roughly identify the problems of existing design as well as to suggest improvements in the future design.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-176
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• 2021

Over the past two decades, smart cities have been attracting attention as a means of solving urban problems and as a model for securing urban sustainability. Many studies have been conducted in various fields such as conceptual definitions, classification, new technologies, case analysis, and civic participation of smart cities. In particular, applicable technologies and their importance have been highlighted so far. However, since a city is a complex and meta-systematic space, it is the overly optimistic prospect that technology, one of the smart city components, will lead to successful smart cities. This study elucidates the impediments to driving smart cities as a case study of South Korea, a leading country in smart technology and digital transformation. We examined three comprehensive national plans for promoting smart cities and conducted focus group interviews with experts in smart cities to analyze the obstacles to carrying smart cities. We classified the thirteen impediments into technological, industrial, governmental, and social factors as a result. Some of them are generic issues in policy establishment and enforcement, while others are specific to smart cities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.191-192
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• 2010

This study classify the every meshes in Busan metropolitan city, based on the building need. The number of the effective meshes is 3289, all of those meshes are databased with simplified 7 building needs. The area for residential, commercial, educational needs occupy 92.4 % among all the areas. To simplify the multiple variables, principal component analysis is performed before the cluster analysis. Ans as the result 5 classification are obtained.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify real somatotype of femalecollegy students by their obesity degree and to investigate cognitive somatotype by their level of body consciousness in female college students. The subjects were 172 female college students aged from 19 to 23 living in Daegu city. Average height of the subjects was 161.3cm. weight was 52.5kg. Rohrer Index was 125.3. BMI was 20.2. Vervaeck Index was 84.0. and percentage of body fat was 26.1. In classification of the subjects by 3 body indexes. lean figure took 37.8-50.0%. normal figure took 45.3-54.6%. and obese figure took 4.7-8.1% and in classification of the subjects by percentage of body fat. lean figure took 39.0%, normal figure took 46.5%. and obese figure took 14.5%. In consciousness and satisfaction about body parts. the subjects recognized that their girth items were . thick'. length items were' short'. and weight was 'heavy'. Also they generally preferred slender and long body.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 1984

The object of this study is to offer the standarized data for the design and calculating engineering cost of the rock excavation an the construction of the 3rd and 4th Seoul Subway lines From Jnauary to March in 1983, this study was carried out by the both methods of the field and laboratary studies. In the field, the geological survey in the entire area of Seoul City and sites on the subway lines were carried out and also a site measure of uniaxial compressional strength of rock masses by using Schmidt hammer was done. The labartory studies were carsied out by a study of preuions surveyes, microscopic studies of the mineral composition and degree of weathering of rocks, and measure of uniaxial compressional strengths Finally an engineering classification of each rock masses of South Africa council for Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR, after Bieniawski, 1974. was done. In this method of classification 6 parameters such as strength of intact rock material, rock quality designation, spacing of fractures, condition of fractures, groundwater conditions, and the effect of fracture strike and dip orientation in tunnelling were used to evaluate rating of each rock mass.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.339-353
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• 2004

Purposes of this study were to analyzed coat types and characteristics of coat of young persons, and search whether fashion trend is reflected on coat. Data collected pictures that they are wearing dress in street of Daejeon city 3 places that there are much the rising generations at November, 1999. This study target was from teens latter half to 20 opening part, 154 women. Data analyzed content analysis, frequency analysis, crossing and the result is as following. First, classification standard of coat was textile fabric, form of detail and ornament. Second, coat could classify in three types, type 1 was traditional duffle coat style that is distinguished by form of detail and ornament(hood and button). Type 2 was classified property of textile fabric that used leather, padding, fur etc., and type 3 was classified by collar detail of woolen fabric coat. Specially, ornamental fur of woolen coat perceived visually strong. And design detail of coat showed significant difference in coat type. That is, duffle coat type was designed patch pocket and toggle, woolen fabric coat type was hidden button and seam pocket. Third, fashion tendency of coat was proved that is reflecting part of predicted fashion trend.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.588-595
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• 2003

High resolution panchromatic satellite images collected by sensors such as IRS-1C/D and KOMPSAT-1 have a spatial resolution of approximately 6 ${\times}$ 6 ㎡, making them very attractive for urban applications. However, the spectral information present in these images is very limited. In order to overcome this limitation, an object-oriented classification approach is used to identify basic land cover types in urban areas. Before an image can be classified it is segmented at different aggregation levels using a multiresolution segmentation approach. In the course of this segmentation various statistical as well as topological information is collected for each segment. Based on this information it is possible to classify image objects and to arrive at much better results than by looking only at single pixels. Using an image recorded by KOMPSAT-1 over the City of Vienna a land cover classification was carried out for two areas. One was used to set up the rules for the different land cover types. The second subset was classified based on these rules, only adjusting some of the functions governing the classification process.