• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 1991

Twenty brands of five different types of deep-fat fried foods including doughnuts, vegetables, fried chicken and french fries were purchased from food stores and fast food restaurants in Daegu city. These sample were analyzed for their total lipid content and fatty acid composition. The total lipid contents of each type of foods were over 20% by weight on an average. One brand of the doughnuts had the highest lipid content of 55.2%. The average polar lipid content of the five different types of samples was approximately 40% of the total lipid content. The fatty acid compositions of the total lipid in the deep-fat fried foods were similar to one another. HTe major fattyacids were oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid in order of content. Minor fatty caids ere myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.460-471
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• 2023

This study aimed to analyze the consumption value and clothing pursuit benefits of genderless fashion based on gender identity. The study questionnaire was distributed to and collected from men and women in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul City and the Gyeonggi province. The collected data were analyzed by using Cronbachs α, factor analysis, K-means group classification analysis, and ANOVA. The study results were as follows. First, gender identity was categorized into three groups: the genderless group, the traditional gender rejection group, and the traditional gender acceptance group. Therefore, it is necessary to subdivide gender identity rather than acceptance and rejection of traditional gender roles. Second, an analysis of consumption value based on gender identity showed significant differences in terms of fashion value and expressive value. Therefore, it is important to establish a differentiated strategy based on the relevant gender identity group when establishing genderless fashion design or marketing strategy. Finally, the study results showed that clothing pursuit benefits based on gender identity, there was a significant difference in terms of individuality pursuit, deviation from the norm, and fashion pursuit. In particular, since the genderless phenomenon agrees with the characteristics of the MZ generation, it will be necessary to share brand information or product information through digital media or to utilize a sharing culture-that is, 'meaning out' tendency and 'flex culture' (i.e., conspicuous consumption).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study aims to find out the characteristics of the vegetation landscape characteristics and system which led the formation of the urban image in Jeonju in the late Joseon period connected with urban spatial structure, using designated as treasure No. 1586 which was made in the middle of 18C. The vegetation landscape characteristics of Jeonju in the late Joseon Dynasty derived from the analysis of are summarized as follows. Firstly, the vegetation landscape system in Jeonju is composed of the natural vegetation around mountain area of Jeonju-Buseong, the independent vegetation or cluster planting forests linked with the main facilities, the Bibo-Forests connected with topographical characteristics of Jeonju, and the vegetation combined with a private garden. Secondly, planting landscape was specialized using flag species and local species. Thirdly, the garden-type plantation centered on the back yard or front of main facilities, with the background of natural vegetation landscape combined with the mountain area and the vegetation combined with a private garden, dominates vegetation landscape of Jeonju Buseong as objects. Fourthly, in order to overcome the defects of topographical characteristics, the Bibo-Forests were emphasized as an important planting landscape element in addition to the vegetation landscape elements connected with main facilities. Fifth, ecological vegetation landscape technique was taken considering the topographical characteristics. The characteristics of vegetation landscape of Jeonju Buseong, which is derived from , have an important meaning to restore and reproduce Jeonju's historical features. Especially, the vegetation communities of the non-booming concept combined with the geographical features, the ecological landscape harmonizing with the topography, the round house type landscape mixed with the private house, and the specialization of vegetation landscape using local species are important factors in securing the city image based on the historical characteristics and creating a city brand that utilizes vegetation landscape.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.61-118
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to construct research framework for international franchising based on existing literature and to identify research components in the framework. Franchise can be defined as management styles that allow franchisee use various management assets of franchisor in order to make or sell product or service. It can be divided into product distribution franchise that is designed to sell products and business format franchise that is designed for running it as business whatever its form is. International franchising can be defined as a way of internationalization of franchisor to foreign country by providing its business format or package to franchisee of host country. International franchising is growing fast for last four decades but academic research on this is quite limited. Especially in Korea, research about international franchising is carried out on by case study format with single case or empirical study format with survey based on domestic franchise theory. Therefore, this paper tries to review existing literature on international franchising research, providing research framework, and then stimulating new research on this field. International franchising research components include motives and environmental factors for decision of expanding to international franchising, entrance modes and development plan for international franchising, contracts and management strategy of international franchising, and various performance measures from different perspectives. First, motives of international franchising are fee collection from franchisee. Also it provides easier way to expanding to foreign country. The other motives including increase total sales volume, occupying better strategic position, getting quality resources, and improving efficiency. Environmental factors that facilitating international franchising encompasses economic condition, trend, and legal or political factors in host and/or home countries. In addition, control power and risk management capability of franchisor plays critical role in successful franchising contract. Final decision to enter foreign country via franchising is determined by numerous factors like history, size, growth, competitiveness, management system, bonding capability, industry characteristics of franchisor. After deciding to enter into foreign country, franchisor needs to set entrance modes of international franchising. Within contractual mode, there are master franchising and area developing franchising, licensing, direct franchising, and joint venture. Theories about entrance mode selection contain concepts of efficiency, knowledge-based approach, competence-based approach, agent theory, and governance cost. The next step after entrance decision is operation strategy. Operation strategy starts with selecting a target city and a target country for franchising. In order to finding, screening targets, franchisor needs to collect information about candidates. Critical information includes brand patent, commercial laws, regulations, market conditions, country risk, and industry analysis. After selecting a target city in target country, franchisor needs to select franchisee, in other word, partner. The first important criteria for selecting partners are financial credibility and capability, possession of real estate. And cultural similarity and knowledge about franchisor and/or home country are also recognized as critical criteria. The most important element in operating strategy is legal document between franchisor and franchisee with home and host countries. Terms and conditions in legal documents give objective information about characteristics of franchising agreement for academic research. Legal documents have definitions of terminology, territory and exclusivity, agreement of term, initial fee, continuing fees, clearing currency, and rights about sub-franchising. Also, legal documents could have terms about softer elements like training program and operation manual. And harder elements like law competent court and terms of expiration. Next element in operating strategy is about product and service. Especially for business format franchising, product/service deliverable, benefit communicators, system identifiers (architectural features), and format facilitators are listed for product/service strategic elements. Another important decision on product/service is standardization vs. customization. The rationale behind standardization is cost reduction, efficiency, consistency, image congruence, brand awareness, and competitiveness on price. Also standardization enables large scale R&D and innovative change in management style. Another element in operating strategy is control management. The simple way to control franchise contract is relying on legal terms, contractual control system. There are other control systems, administrative control system and ethical control system. Contractual control system is a coercive source of power, but franchisor usually doesn't want to use legal power since it doesn't help to build up positive relationship. Instead, self-regulation is widely used. Administrative control system uses control mechanism from ordinary work relationship. Its main component is supporting activities to franchisee and communication method. For example, franchisor provides advertising, training, manual, and delivery, then franchisee follows franchisor's direction. Another component is building franchisor's brand power. The last research element is performance factor of international franchising. Performance elements can be divided into franchisor's performance and franchisee's performance. The conceptual performance measures of franchisor are simple but not easy to obtain objectively. They are profit, sale, cost, experience, and brand power. The performance measures of franchisee are mostly about benefits of host country. They contain small business development, promotion of employment, introduction of new business model, and level up technology status. There are indirect benefits, like increase of tax, refinement of corporate citizenship, regional economic clustering, and improvement of international balance. In addition to those, host country gets socio-cultural change other than economic effects. It includes demographic change, social trend, customer value change, social communication, and social globalization. Sometimes it is called as westernization or McDonaldization of society. In addition, the paper reviews on theories that have been frequently applied to international franchising research, such as agent theory, resource-based view, transaction cost theory, organizational learning theory, and international expansion theories. Resource based theory is used in strategic decision based on resources, like decision about entrance and cooperation depending on resources of franchisee and franchisor. Transaction cost theory can be applied in determination of mutual trust or satisfaction of franchising players. Agent theory tries to explain strategic decision for reducing problem caused by utilizing agent, for example research on control system in franchising agreements. Organizational Learning theory is relatively new in franchising research. It assumes organization tries to maximize performance and learning of organization. In addition, Internalization theory advocates strategic decision of direct investment for removing inefficiency of market transaction and is applied in research on terms of contract. And oligopolistic competition theory is used to explain various entry modes for international expansion. Competency theory support strategic decision of utilizing key competitive advantage. Furthermore, research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative methodologies are suggested for more rigorous international franchising research. Quantitative research needs more real data other than survey data which is usually respondent's judgment. In order to verify theory more rigorously, research based on real data is essential. However, real quantitative data is quite hard to get. The qualitative research other than single case study is also highly recommended. Since international franchising has limited number of applications, scientific research based on grounded theory and ethnography study can be used. Scientific case study is differentiated with single case study on its data collection method and analysis method. The key concept is triangulation in measurement, logical coding and comparison. Finally, it provides overall research direction for international franchising after summarizing research trend in Korea. International franchising research in Korea has two different types, one is for studying Korean franchisor going overseas and the other is for Korean franchisee of foreign franchisor. Among research on Korean franchisor, two common patterns are observed. First of all, they usually deal with success story of one franchisor. The other common pattern is that they focus on same industry and country. Therefore, international franchise research needs to extend their focus to broader subjects with scientific research methodology as well as development of new theory.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.411-420
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• 2003

In 1990, the City of Bucheon, Geonggi Province, became the first local government to create its own C.I Soon afterwards, this idea of having one's own C.I spread to the rest of the localities in Korea. Now, in 2003, 218 local governments have created their on Corporate Identities. It was an effort on the part or each local government to give a sense of belonging to the local community by creating a C.I which embodies, symbolizes and represents what is most unique about the locality and its community. It is something that each member of that community can identify himself or herself with. It is also something with which people from other localities can readily recognize that local community as this or that, thus increasing the brand-name-value of the locality. A friendly and easily recognizable C.I has an indirect effect of making the local government more accessible to the ordinary people, at least psychologically, overcoming the traditional image of overbearing officialdom of the bureaucracy. In this article, we propose to investigate whether the 218 local government C.Is, which have been created since 1990, have actually effected the above kinds of possible changes in the local governance or not. To that end, we will examine all 218 local government C.Is if they are successfully symbolizations of the local characters and identities. We will also try to point out sly problems, if there are any, and propose some alternative approaches to the designing of Local Government C.Is, by analyzing the mutual similarities in the very shapes and colors among all the 218 local government C.Is. It is our hope that this analyses will be of some use in the future formulations of the local policies for a more responsive local governance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4337-4347
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze a research on the influence of consumers' purchasing selection criteria for golf-wear upon clothing pursuit benefit and purchase satisfaction. It selected people who are using golf games and golf courses in each city and county where are located in Gangwon-do Province, and surveyed targeting totally 206 people by using convenience sampling. As for data processing, the collected materials in this study were carried out frequency & percentage, reliability analysis, correlation & multiple regression analysis by using SPSS 13.0 program. The results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing socio-demographic characteristics, the similar distribution was shown by gender with 51.0% in men and 49.0% in women. By age, the age group from their 40s to 50s was indicated to be the largest. The martial status was indicated to be a litter higher in the married with 57.3% compared to the unmarried with 42.7%. By healthy condition, what tends to be healthy can be known to be the largest with 79.4%. Second, positive correlation was indicated all in correlation of consumers' purchasing selection criteria for golf-wear with the clothing pursuit benefit and satisfaction. Third, as a result of analyzing on relationship of the golf-wear purchasing selection criteria with the clothing pursuit benefit, the purchasing selection criteria were indicated to have influence upon the ideal pursuit, the fashion & brand, comfort pursuit, and youthand-individuality pursuit, which are the clothing pursuit benefits. Fourth, the analytical result on the purchasing selection criteria for golf-wear with purchase satisfaction was indicated to have significant influence upon consumers' golf-wear purchase satisfaction.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was to get some information about the educational program for consumers in the community. For this, the author investigated the ability to identify the imported foods and the educational contents to be taught. The subjects for this study were 183 housewives living in Cheongju city, and the research was conducted from March 1 to March 15, 2003. A survey questionnaire was distributed, asking general matters regarding the subject, attitude when purchasing foods, the ability to identify the imported foods, educational contents to be taught, and the identification ability between the domestic and the imported foods. The data was analyzed for percentage, mean, standard deviations using SAS program, and was also examined with Chi-square or ANOVA. $92.3\%$ of housewives checked the label to distinguish between the domestic food and the imported one, among which $99.5\%$ preferred to buy the domestic brand. For major reasons of this preference, $46.3\%$ of them reported that the imported foods had many harmful substances. $66.1\%$ of the subjects, however, replied that they did not have the ability to discern the differences between the two. The identification information was received from 'TV or radio program', which $61.7\%$ of the subjects reported as such. $61.5\%$ of the subjects were inclined to receive education about the imported foods. For the educational contents, $75.4\%$ wanted to learn 'the method to identify the imported foods'. According to the identification test on the imported foods, they got 13.6 points on the average out of 40 points, which was quite low. The highest correct answer was for pteridium aquilinum ($63.7\%$), sesame ($49.2\%$), and yellow croaker ($45.6\%$), while the highest incorrect answer was for red pepper powder ($40.4\%$), chestnut ($40.6\%$), and dried pepper ($32.2\%$). The results suggested that most of the respondents had negative attitudes towards the imported agricultural products, but their identification ability was quite poor. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and publicity work in relation to the identification methods for the imported foods so that consumers may have less risk from the imported agricultural products.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.127-150
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• 2012

A survey showed that the public perception of the shipping industry's overall image and economic role was relatively positive. The survey revealed that public perception was mixed with respect to the multifaceted role of the shipping industry. Based on the results of this survey, this paper proposes three approaches to improving the public perception of the shipping industry. The organization contact approach includes establishing shipping institutes for city people, holding various events targeted at the public, establishing a shipping memorial hall, developing a shipping-related culture and tourism, reinventing the image of the shipping industry through a shipping-culture movement, and creating new views of the shipping industry by conducting formal education. The goods and services contact approach includes building a brand image for shipping services, providing B2C services, utilizing the national image for the shipping industry, and participating in international cooperation projects. The text contact approach includes B2B advertising, advertisements focused on the national economic and multifaceted role of the shipping industry, package advertisements for the shipping industry and related industries, the Internet and high-technology media, government-initiated PR activities regarding the multifaceted role of the shipping industry, and funding for advertising the shipping industry.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.175-191
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the policy alternatives for the activation of the local culture industry in Korea. The research methodology is content analysis into law articles of local culture promotion act and framework act on the promotion of culture industries and some related acts, to review the relations between local culture promotion and the promotion of culture industries. The results of this study are the followings: Firstly, the policies for the promotion of culture industries should connect to the policies of local culture promotion. 1) Local culture industries are related with the facilities like living cultural centers and the activities of the arts organizations or clubs of residents. 2) The industrial condiitions should be considered in the process of designation of cutural city and cultural area. 3) The local cuture industry policies should be connected to raise the funds for local culture promotion. 4) The local culture industries should be connected to the cultivation of professional personnel for local cultural promotion. Secondly, for the activation of the local culture industries, the obstructive factors should be eliminated and the facilitating factors should be utilized. 1) The purpose of the culture industries should be defined as concrete and clear through the clearly prescribing the range of culrure industries. 2) The roles which have been dispersed to various agents should assigned as designated clealy and the cooperative system should be construced. 3) In designating cultural cities and cultural area, conceptual elements should be considered and the brand of the local culrure industries should be presented. 4) The background industries such as tourism industries should be utilized. 5) Governance systems should be constructed and utilized.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.749-761
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• 2022

As the number of National and UNESCO Global Geoparks has increased, awareness of geological heritage and local government interests have also increased. In this study, data from the geological heritage sites in the Ulsan area were summarized, a practical use plan for geological heritage was prepared based on the assessment results, and the expected effects were also presented. The value for 33 of 112 geological heritage sites identified through literature surveys was evaluated. In terms of the geological heritage types in Ulsan, there were two geological, one geomorphological, and thirty mixed-heritage sites. In the context of the geological heritage of Ulsan, rivers and coastal topography were found to be dominant, and various geomorphological and geological features, such as fossils, folds, faults, shear zones, minerals, and ore deposits are included. Based on the assessment results, there were three, eighteen, nine, and three sites in Classes I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Considering the intrinsic and subsidiary values of geological heritage, the Gangdong Coast, Jujeon Coast, Taehwagang area, Daewangam area, the Daegokri-Cheonjeonri track sites, and Mujechineup are likely to be listed as potential geosites. When the endorsement of the geopark has been promoted alongside these geosites, it can contribute to the sustainable preservation and maintenance of the geosites, satisfy the demand for science education through geo-education, and support the sustainable development of the local economy following the detailed standards for geopark certification in the Natural Parks Act. This is expected to increase the brand value of Ulsan Metropolitan City.