• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제10집
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• pp.25-44
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• 2004

Der Rhetorik Ciceros wird such im heutigen Rhetorik-Boom als innerhalb der westlichen Tradition am einflussreichsten angesehen. Deshalb versucht diese Arbeit, anhand seines Buches Partitiones Oratoriae die Grundkonzepte seines Denkens heraus zu arbeiten. Das Hauptthema dieses Buches ist die Redelehre, die aus VIS ORATORIS, ORATIO und QUAESTIO besteht. Jeder Hauptteil hat seinerseits Subsektionen. Vis Oratoris wird z.B. in weitere funf Bereiche eingeteilt: INVENTIO, CONLOCATIO, ELOCUTIO, ACTIO und MEMORIA. Oratio in vier: PRINCIPIUM, NARRATIO, ARGUMENTATIO und PERORATIO; die Quaestio in zwei: CONSULTATIO und CAUSA. Unser Ausgangspunkt ist die erste Klassifikation der Redelehre. Unsere Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass die Quaestio nicht nor mil der Vis Oratoris sondern auch mil der Oratio Gemeinsamkeiten hat. 'Der Gedanke'(RES) der Consultatio ist ein Teil von Inventio und Conlocatio im Bereich der Vis Oratoris, und ein Teil von Narratio und Peroratio im Bereich der Oratio. Das gilt auch fur die Cauga, einen anderen Teil der Quaestio. Daraus ergibt sich die Moglichkeit der Integration der Qaestio z.B. in Vis, weil der Ausdruck (VERBA) sicherlich zur Eiocutio $geh\"{o}rt$ - bei der Darstellung der Quaestio wie bei der der Vis geht Cicero von der Unterscheidung res-verba aus. Aus solch reduktionistischer Sicht $k\"{o}nnen$ wir auch die Oratio in die Vis integrieren, weil die Funktionen der Redeteile der Stoff der Inventio sind. Die Inventio sucht nach Wegen, sich $vertrauensw\"{u}rdig$ zu machen und Emotionen zu wecken. Der erste Weg dahin ist die Funktion von Narratio und Argumentatio, und der zweite Weg die von Principium und Peroratio. Es gibt weitere interessante Punkte: die Ausweichung der Memoria von der $\"{u}blichen$ Produktionsstufe der Rede, die Gewichtsverlagerung der Oratio auf die Narratio, die Hervorhebung der gerichtlichen Rede wegen ihres dialektischen Zuges, die Bevorzugung der $Vertrauensw\"{u}rdigkeit$ (der Emotionen gegeniuber) usw. Es bleibt naturlich strittig, welche Sichtweise zwischen den Polen Integration und der Ausdifferenzierung angemessen ist. Trotzdem ist klar, dass Cicero $gro{\ss}en$Wert nicht auf VERBA, sondern auf RES gelegt hat. $F\"{u}r$ ihn ist vor allem Vertrauenswurdigkeit am wichtigsten.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2011

교육의 출발점이 되는 고대 그리스의 철학과 사상을 탐색하기 위해, 헬레니즘 문명의 기초가 되는 가장 강력한 폴리스, 스파르타와 아테네의 정치체제와 문화, 교육의 제도를 중심으로, 특히 유아교육과 여성교육에 주목하면서 오늘날 우리나라의 유아교육을 조명한다. 나아가 그리스의 것을 모방한 것으로 알려진 로마의 철학과 사상을 살피면서 그 들의 유아교육은 그리스의 것과 또 우리의 유아교육과 어떻게 다른지 비교하면서 우리에게 주는 시사점을 찾고자 한다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2016

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a well-known degradation mechanism that attacks the secondary piping in nuclear power plants. Since the Surry Unit 2 event in 1986, most nuclear power plants have implemented management programs to deal with damages in carbon and low-alloy steel piping. Despite the utmost efforts, damage induced by FAC still occurs in power plants around the world. In order to predict FAC wear, some computer programs were developed such as CHECWORKS, CICERO, and COMSY. Various data need to be input to these programs; the chemical composition of secondary piping, flow operating conditions and piping geometries. CHECWORKS, developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), uses a geometry code to calculate geometry effects. Such a relatively simple geometry code is limited in acquiring the accuracy of FAC prediction. Recently, EPRI revisited the geometry code with the intention of updating it. In this study, numerical simulations were performed for two adjacent $90^{\circ}$ elbows and the results were analysed in terms of the proximity effect between the two adjacent elbows.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.313-346
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• 2011

바다를 지배한 민족이 세계를 지배한다고 로마의 키케로(Cicero)가 말했다. 세계사에서 중요 역할을 한 국가는 대부분 바다의 중요성을 강조하였다. 페니키아, 그리스, 카르타고, 로마, 포르투칼, 스페인, 영국, 미국 등 세계는 바다를 지배해온 민족의 역사라 할 수 있다. 바다는 자원의 보고, 소통과 물류, 유통의 통로로 국가의 원활한 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화의 터전이며 바다는 동시에 꿈과 상상의 장이며, 가능성과 비전의 토대이다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 해양강국의 실현이라는 비전의 실현을 위해 세계의 주요 국가와 역사를 개관하였다. 우리 주요 해양정책의 주요 이슈에 대한 실태와 전망을 살펴보았으며, 이를 토대로 우리 해양강국의 비전을 제시하였다. 2020년 세계 5대 해양강국, 세계 10위의 해양과학기술 보유 등을 비전으로 제시하고 세부추진 전략을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 해양수산부의 복원이 절실하며 그 이유와 필요성을 5가지 논리로 제시하였다. 또한 해양수산부의 복원의 향후 방향도 정책, 기능적 관점과 제도적 관점에서 제시하였다. 해양강국 대한민국은 해양수산부가 향후 정부조직 개편에서 반드시 복원되야 실현될 수 있다고 본다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2014

A huge number of carbon steel piping components installed in the secondary system of nuclear power plants are exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), Cavitation, Flashing, and LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion). Those aging mechanisms can lead to thinning of the piping components. To manage the wall thinning degradation, most of utilities in the world predict the wall thinning rate based on the computational program such as CHECWORKS, COMSY, and BRT-CICERO, evaluate the UT (Ultrasonic Test) data, and determine next inspection timing, repair or replacement, if needed. There are several evaluation methods, such as band, blanket, and strip methods, commonly used for determining the wear of piping components from single UT inspection data. It has been identified that those single UT evaluation methods not only do not consider the manufacturing features of pipes, but also may exclude the data of the most thinned point when determining the representative wear rate of piping components. This paper describes a newly developed single UT evaluation method, E-Cross method, for solving above problems and introduces application examples for several pipes and elbows. It was identified that the E-Cross method using the length and width of UT data excluded the most thinned points appropriate as the single UT evaluation method for thinned piping components.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2018

Assumptions have always been that wall thinning on the secondary side piping in nuclear power plants is mostly caused by Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC). Recent studies have showed that wall thinning on the secondary side piping is caused by Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion (LDIE), Solid Particle Erosion (SPE), cavitation, and flashing. To manage those aging mechanisms, several software such as CHECWORKS, COMSY, and BRT-CICERO have been used in nuclear power plants. Korean nuclear power plants have been using the CHECWORKS program since 1996 to date. However, many site engineers have experienced a lot of inconveniences and problems in using the CHECWORKS program. In order to work through the inconveniences and to remedy problems, KEPCO-E&C has developed a "3D-based pipe wall thinning management program (ToSPACE)" based on the experience of over 30 years in relation to the pipe wall thinning management. This study compares the results of FAC and LDIE analysis using both the CHECWORKS and ToSPACE programs with respect to validation of the wall thinning analysis results.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.201-220
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• 2022

Lateral vibrations of footbridges may induce synchronization between pedestrians and structure itself, resulting in amplification of such vibrations, a phenomenon identified by lock-in. However, investigations about accelerations and frequencies of the structural movement that are related to the occurrence of synchronization are still incipient. The aim of this paper is to investigate conditions that could lead to avoidance of synchronization among pedestrians themselves and footbridge, expressed in terms of peak acceleration. The focus is on the low acceleration range, employed in some guidelines as a criterion to avoid synchronization. An experimental campaign was carried out, employing a prototype footbridge that was set into oscillatory motion through a pneumatic exciter controlled by a fuzzy system, with controlled frequency and amplitude. Test subjects were then asked to cross the oscillating structure, and accelerations were simultaneously recorded at the structure and at the subject's waist. Pattern and phase differences between these signals were analysed. The results showed that test subjects tended to keep their walking patterns without synchronization induced by the vibration of the structure, for structural peak acceleration values up to 0.18 m/s², when frequencies of oscillation were around 0.8 to 0.9 Hz. On the other hand, for frequencies of oscillation below 0.7 Hz, structural peak accelerations up to 0.30 m/s² did not induce synchronization.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.12-31
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• 1997

This is a study on the changes of the ancient underclothes. Underclothing includes all such articles, worn by either sex, as were completely or mainly concealed from the spectator by the external costume. Functions of underclothes are follow ; to protect the body from cold, to support the shape of the costume, to cleanliness, to erotic use of underclothes and as a method of class distinction. Linen is the oldest as materials and cotton came into general use after the Restoration of 1660. We must suppose that woolen petticoat was at least as old as the Middle Ages and silk was rarely used until late in Victorian times. Until the middle of the last century underclothes were necessarily hand-made, and the absence of fit was noticeable until the introduction of man\`s drawers, fitting the leg, at the close of the eighteen century. Strings and ribbons were the fastenings for underclothes until the middle of the seventeenth century, when they were replaced by buttons. One outstanding example of the first type of figures is a Babylonian girl of about 3000 BC from Sumeria who wears that today would immediately be described as briefs. Female statues show no trace of anything being worn under the chiton, but there is literary evidenced that the Greeks. A band of linen of kid was bound round the waist and lower torso to shape and control it. It was known as the Zone or girdle. The apodesmos, meaning a band, breast band, occurs in a fragment of Aristophanes. A Roman mosaic shows female athletes wearing a bikini-briefs and bra in the fourth century AD. A similar band, called the mastodeton, or breast band, was also worn round the bust, apparently to flatten or minimise it, as in the 1920s, and not, to stress its curves. In Rome, too, women sometimes wore bands of material round the hips and bust-a cestus or girdle is referred to by the poet Martial and seems to have been similar to the zone, but wider, and the strophium, or breast band, is mentioned by Cicero.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제8집
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• pp.199-221
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• 2003

In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die rhetorischen Regeln zur Textproduktion auch auf die Textanalyse einer Rede anwendbar sind, und zwar einer vor der Systematisierung der Rhetorik verfassten Rede, $n\"{a}mlich$ dem Enkomium der Helene von Gorgias. Die Untersuchung ihrer $Anwendungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ als Ana1ysekategorien liegt der Vermutung nahe, dass das Enkomiurn auch rhetorische Elemente $enth\"{a}lt$, weil eine Theorie wie die Rhetorik erst durch die Beobachtung der musterhaften Reden, die Entdeckung ihrer $Regelm\"{a}{\ss}igkeiten$ und deren Synthetisierung entstanden ist Deswegen ist die Untersuchung norma1erweise mit der Festste1lung der im Text angewandten rhetorischen Regeln identisch. Dieses Verfahren aber $\"{u}berzeugt$ uns, dass dem Gorgias das Gliederungsschema der DISPOSITIO, die Sonderform der Einleitung INSINUATIO, die Prinzipien der Kurze und $Glaubw\"{u}rdigkeit$ in der $Erz\"{a}hlung$ sowie der Zusammenfassung im Schluss, das dem Enthymem $\"{a}hnliche$ logische Mittel LOGISMOS, die Stasis der $Qualit\"{a}t$, die Topoi der Stammung und Gerechtigkeit, die sog. gorgianischen Figuren usw. nicht fremd sind. Wegen des Streites um die $Zusammengeh\"{o}rigkeit$ dieser Rede zur epideiktischen wird hier auch untersucht, ob das Enkomium die von den Theoretikern wie Aristoteles und Cicero aufgestellten Bedingungen der epideiktischen Rede $erf\"{u}llt$. Nur 'die Apologie' nach der $Formalit\"{a}t$ im Beweis ausgeschlossen, die aber zur Beseitigung des am Gegenstand des Lobes $angeh\"{a}ngten$ Tadelhaften erforderlich ist, entspricht das Enkomium dem Prinzip der epideiktischen Rede: Lob der Tugend wie $Sch\"{o}nheit$ und Adeligkeit, Amplifikation bei der Formulierung, Wirkziel des aesthetischen Genusses. Wenn man die Entstehungszeit dieses Enkomiums $ber\"{u}cksichtigt$, kann man plausibel folgern, dass es eine $fr\"{u}he$ Form der Lobrede ist.

• 철학연구
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• 제116권
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• pp.389-410
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• 2010

아우구스티누스는 수사학에서 그리스도교로 개종한 사람이라고 해도 좋을 만큼 개종한 다음에는 그 전에 종사했던 수사학과 거리를 두었던 사람이다. 그러나 "그리스도교 교양" 제4권에서는 그리스-로마의 고전적 수사학과 관계를 복원한다. 그런 의미에서 "그리스도교 교양" 제4권은 그리스도교의 옷을 걸친 고전 수사학 저작으로 평가 받는다. 문제는 왜 아우구스티누스가 다시금 수사학에 관심을 갖게 되었느냐는 것이다. 학자들 가운데는 설교 이론을 정립할 의도에서 수사학에 관심을 갖게 되었다고 해석하는 사람도 있고, 제2 소피스트 운동의 해독에서 수사학을 구출하기 위해 그랬다는 사람도 있다. 그러나 이 글은 당시 그리스도 교회 내에 팽배해 있던 신앙(지상)주의의 극단과 제2 소피스트 운동으로 대표되는 쾌락 일변도의 '지혜가 결여된 달변'의 극단을 탈피하여 그리스도교 지혜와 수사학적 달변을 통합함으로써 그리스도교 수사학을 정초한 데에 아우구스티누스와 "그리스도교 교양" 제4권의 중요성이 있다는 입장이다. 아우구스티누스는 내용(지혜)을 표현(달변)과 독립적으로 인정함으로써 그리스도 교회 내의 갈등을 해소하는 한편, 그의 교회 내 동료들에게 내용만으로는 성서와 하느님의 진리를 전달하는 데 충분치 않다고 강조한다. 그는 "그리스도교 교양" 제4권의 논변을 통해 그리스도교 설교자들에게 그리스-로마의 고전적 수사학으로 통하는 다리를 놓는다. 아우구스티누스가 "그리스도교 교양" 제4권을 저술한 의도는 결국 영적 구원의 '유용한 도구', 수사학 기술을 거부하는 교회 내 비판가들을 반박하는 데 있었다.