• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cicero

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Eine Untersuchung $\"{u}ber$ Ciceros Partitiones oratoriae (키케로의 수사학 교본 Partitiones oratoriae 연구)

  • Yang Tae-zong
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.10
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    • pp.25-44
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    • 2004
  • Der Rhetorik Ciceros wird such im heutigen Rhetorik-Boom als innerhalb der westlichen Tradition am einflussreichsten angesehen. Deshalb versucht diese Arbeit, anhand seines Buches Partitiones Oratoriae die Grundkonzepte seines Denkens heraus zu arbeiten. Das Hauptthema dieses Buches ist die Redelehre, die aus VIS ORATORIS, ORATIO und QUAESTIO besteht. Jeder Hauptteil hat seinerseits Subsektionen. Vis Oratoris wird z.B. in weitere funf Bereiche eingeteilt: INVENTIO, CONLOCATIO, ELOCUTIO, ACTIO und MEMORIA. Oratio in vier: PRINCIPIUM, NARRATIO, ARGUMENTATIO und PERORATIO; die Quaestio in zwei: CONSULTATIO und CAUSA. Unser Ausgangspunkt ist die erste Klassifikation der Redelehre. Unsere Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass die Quaestio nicht nor mil der Vis Oratoris sondern auch mil der Oratio Gemeinsamkeiten hat. 'Der Gedanke'(RES) der Consultatio ist ein Teil von Inventio und Conlocatio im Bereich der Vis Oratoris, und ein Teil von Narratio und Peroratio im Bereich der Oratio. Das gilt auch fur die Cauga, einen anderen Teil der Quaestio. Daraus ergibt sich die Moglichkeit der Integration der Qaestio z.B. in Vis, weil der Ausdruck (VERBA) sicherlich zur Eiocutio $geh\"{o}rt$ - bei der Darstellung der Quaestio wie bei der der Vis geht Cicero von der Unterscheidung res-verba aus. Aus solch reduktionistischer Sicht $k\"{o}nnen$ wir auch die Oratio in die Vis integrieren, weil die Funktionen der Redeteile der Stoff der Inventio sind. Die Inventio sucht nach Wegen, sich $vertrauensw\"{u}rdig$ zu machen und Emotionen zu wecken. Der erste Weg dahin ist die Funktion von Narratio und Argumentatio, und der zweite Weg die von Principium und Peroratio. Es gibt weitere interessante Punkte: die Ausweichung der Memoria von der $\"{u}blichen$ Produktionsstufe der Rede, die Gewichtsverlagerung der Oratio auf die Narratio, die Hervorhebung der gerichtlichen Rede wegen ihres dialektischen Zuges, die Bevorzugung der $Vertrauensw\"{u}rdigkeit$ (der Emotionen gegeniuber) usw. Es bleibt naturlich strittig, welche Sichtweise zwischen den Polen Integration und der Ausdifferenzierung angemessen ist. Trotzdem ist klar, dass Cicero $gro{\ss}en$Wert nicht auf VERBA, sondern auf RES gelegt hat. $F\"{u}r$ ihn ist vor allem Vertrauenswurdigkeit am wichtigsten.

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Foundation of Philosophy for Early Childhood Education: The Ancient Greek and Roman Early Childhood Education (유아교육의 철학적 기초: 고대 그리스와 로마의 유아교육)

  • Kye, Young-Hee
    • Journal for History of Mathematics
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.45-61
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    • 2011
  • The starting point of education is the ancient Greek philosophy. In this paper, we research the Hellenism culture: two famous poleis such as Sparta and Athens. Moreover, we investigate prominent philosopher Plato and Aristotle. In particular, we notice early childhood and female education through Hellenism culture. Finally, we study culture, politics and educations of the ancient Roman in order to compare those of our society.

A Numerical Study on Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Two Adjacent Elbows

  • Yun, Hun;Hwang, Kyeongmo;Moon, Seung-Jae
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.6-12
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    • 2016
  • Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a well-known degradation mechanism that attacks the secondary piping in nuclear power plants. Since the Surry Unit 2 event in 1986, most nuclear power plants have implemented management programs to deal with damages in carbon and low-alloy steel piping. Despite the utmost efforts, damage induced by FAC still occurs in power plants around the world. In order to predict FAC wear, some computer programs were developed such as CHECWORKS, CICERO, and COMSY. Various data need to be input to these programs; the chemical composition of secondary piping, flow operating conditions and piping geometries. CHECWORKS, developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), uses a geometry code to calculate geometry effects. Such a relatively simple geometry code is limited in acquiring the accuracy of FAC prediction. Recently, EPRI revisited the geometry code with the intention of updating it. In this study, numerical simulations were performed for two adjacent $90^{\circ}$ elbows and the results were analysed in terms of the proximity effect between the two adjacent elbows.

A Study on the Necessity of the Resurrection of Administration Organization for the Realization of Super Nation of Maritime and Fishery (해양강국 실천을 위한 행정조직 부활의 필요성 연구)

  • Kim, Hong-Seop
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.313-346
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    • 2011
  • The Roman thinker, Cicero said, "The Nations that rule the sea, rule the world". In the world history, the countries done critical roles, have emphasized the importance of the sea. The world history is called as the histories of the countries which governed the sea, such as Phoenicia, Greece, Carthago, Roma, Portugal, Spain, England, and USA. The sea is not only the political, economical, social and cultural basis, serving as the origin of resources and channel of communication, logistics and distribution but also the area of dreams and imaginations and ground of potentiality and visions. This paper reviewed the major countries and their histories to realize the vision of Korea, super power country of maritime and fishery. Main maritime policies and its core issues and prospects of Korea were reviewed. And on the basis of these reviews, the vision of super power country of maritime and fishery was suggested. The vision, the 5th super power country of maritime and fishery in 2020, and 10th country of maritime technology level in 2020 and their details were proposed also. For achieving the vision, the resurrection of MOMAF is necessary and its reasons and 5 necessities were suggested. And the directions of the resurrection of MOMAF were proposed in terms of two viewpoints, policy/functional and institutional basis. I think Korea, the super power country of maritime and fishery, can be realized only when MOMAF may be resurrected.

Introduction and Feasibility on a New Technology for the Pipe Wall Thinning Evaluation of Nuclear Power Plants (원전 배관감육 평가를 위한 새로운 기법의 도입 및 타당성)

  • Hwang, Kyeong Mo;Yun, Hun;Park, Hyun Cheol
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.62-69
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    • 2014
  • A huge number of carbon steel piping components installed in the secondary system of nuclear power plants are exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), Cavitation, Flashing, and LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion). Those aging mechanisms can lead to thinning of the piping components. To manage the wall thinning degradation, most of utilities in the world predict the wall thinning rate based on the computational program such as CHECWORKS, COMSY, and BRT-CICERO, evaluate the UT (Ultrasonic Test) data, and determine next inspection timing, repair or replacement, if needed. There are several evaluation methods, such as band, blanket, and strip methods, commonly used for determining the wear of piping components from single UT inspection data. It has been identified that those single UT evaluation methods not only do not consider the manufacturing features of pipes, but also may exclude the data of the most thinned point when determining the representative wear rate of piping components. This paper describes a newly developed single UT evaluation method, E-Cross method, for solving above problems and introduces application examples for several pipes and elbows. It was identified that the E-Cross method using the length and width of UT data excluded the most thinned points appropriate as the single UT evaluation method for thinned piping components.

Comparison of Wall Thinning Analysis Results between CHECWORKS and ToSPACE (CHECWORKS와 ToSPACE 프로그램의 배관감육 해석결과 비교)

  • Hwang, Kyeongmo;Yun, Hun;Seo, Hyeokki
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.317-323
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    • 2018
  • Assumptions have always been that wall thinning on the secondary side piping in nuclear power plants is mostly caused by Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC). Recent studies have showed that wall thinning on the secondary side piping is caused by Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion (LDIE), Solid Particle Erosion (SPE), cavitation, and flashing. To manage those aging mechanisms, several software such as CHECWORKS, COMSY, and BRT-CICERO have been used in nuclear power plants. Korean nuclear power plants have been using the CHECWORKS program since 1996 to date. However, many site engineers have experienced a lot of inconveniences and problems in using the CHECWORKS program. In order to work through the inconveniences and to remedy problems, KEPCO-E&C has developed a "3D-based pipe wall thinning management program (ToSPACE)" based on the experience of over 30 years in relation to the pipe wall thinning management. This study compares the results of FAC and LDIE analysis using both the CHECWORKS and ToSPACE programs with respect to validation of the wall thinning analysis results.

Conditions to avoid synchronization effects in lateral vibration of footbridges

  • Andrade, Alexandre R.;Pimentel, Roberto L.;Silva, Simplicio A. da;Souto, Cicero da R.
    • Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.201-220
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    • 2022
  • Lateral vibrations of footbridges may induce synchronization between pedestrians and structure itself, resulting in amplification of such vibrations, a phenomenon identified by lock-in. However, investigations about accelerations and frequencies of the structural movement that are related to the occurrence of synchronization are still incipient. The aim of this paper is to investigate conditions that could lead to avoidance of synchronization among pedestrians themselves and footbridge, expressed in terms of peak acceleration. The focus is on the low acceleration range, employed in some guidelines as a criterion to avoid synchronization. An experimental campaign was carried out, employing a prototype footbridge that was set into oscillatory motion through a pneumatic exciter controlled by a fuzzy system, with controlled frequency and amplitude. Test subjects were then asked to cross the oscillating structure, and accelerations were simultaneously recorded at the structure and at the subject's waist. Pattern and phase differences between these signals were analysed. The results showed that test subjects tended to keep their walking patterns without synchronization induced by the vibration of the structure, for structural peak acceleration values up to 0.18 m/s2, when frequencies of oscillation were around 0.8 to 0.9 Hz. On the other hand, for frequencies of oscillation below 0.7 Hz, structural peak accelerations up to 0.30 m/s2 did not induce synchronization.

A Study on the Changes of the Ancient Underclothes (시대 변천에 따른 속옷에 관한 연구(I) -고대를 중심으로-)

  • 김주애
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.12-31
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    • 1997
  • This is a study on the changes of the ancient underclothes. Underclothing includes all such articles, worn by either sex, as were completely or mainly concealed from the spectator by the external costume. Functions of underclothes are follow ; to protect the body from cold, to support the shape of the costume, to cleanliness, to erotic use of underclothes and as a method of class distinction. Linen is the oldest as materials and cotton came into general use after the Restoration of 1660. We must suppose that woolen petticoat was at least as old as the Middle Ages and silk was rarely used until late in Victorian times. Until the middle of the last century underclothes were necessarily hand-made, and the absence of fit was noticeable until the introduction of man\`s drawers, fitting the leg, at the close of the eighteen century. Strings and ribbons were the fastenings for underclothes until the middle of the seventeenth century, when they were replaced by buttons. One outstanding example of the first type of figures is a Babylonian girl of about 3000 BC from Sumeria who wears that today would immediately be described as briefs. Female statues show no trace of anything being worn under the chiton, but there is literary evidenced that the Greeks. A band of linen of kid was bound round the waist and lower torso to shape and control it. It was known as the Zone or girdle. The apodesmos, meaning a band, breast band, occurs in a fragment of Aristophanes. A Roman mosaic shows female athletes wearing a bikini-briefs and bra in the fourth century AD. A similar band, called the mastodeton, or breast band, was also worn round the bust, apparently to flatten or minimise it, as in the 1920s, and not, to stress its curves. In Rome, too, women sometimes wore bands of material round the hips and bust-a cestus or girdle is referred to by the poet Martial and seems to have been similar to the zone, but wider, and the strophium, or breast band, is mentioned by Cicero.

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Eine rhetorische Analyse der gorgianischen Rede Enkomium der Helene (고르기아스의 연설문 (헬레네 예찬)의 수사적 분석)

  • Yang Taezong
    • Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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    • v.8
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    • pp.199-221
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    • 2003
  • In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die rhetorischen Regeln zur Textproduktion auch auf die Textanalyse einer Rede anwendbar sind, und zwar einer vor der Systematisierung der Rhetorik verfassten Rede, $n\"{a}mlich$ dem Enkomium der Helene von Gorgias. Die Untersuchung ihrer $Anwendungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ als Ana1ysekategorien liegt der Vermutung nahe, dass das Enkomiurn auch rhetorische Elemente $enth\"{a}lt$, weil eine Theorie wie die Rhetorik erst durch die Beobachtung der musterhaften Reden, die Entdeckung ihrer $Regelm\"{a}{\ss}igkeiten$ und deren Synthetisierung entstanden ist Deswegen ist die Untersuchung norma1erweise mit der Festste1lung der im Text angewandten rhetorischen Regeln identisch. Dieses Verfahren aber $\"{u}berzeugt$ uns, dass dem Gorgias das Gliederungsschema der DISPOSITIO, die Sonderform der Einleitung INSINUATIO, die Prinzipien der Kurze und $Glaubw\"{u}rdigkeit$ in der $Erz\"{a}hlung$ sowie der Zusammenfassung im Schluss, das dem Enthymem $\"{a}hnliche$ logische Mittel LOGISMOS, die Stasis der $Qualit\"{a}t$, die Topoi der Stammung und Gerechtigkeit, die sog. gorgianischen Figuren usw. nicht fremd sind. Wegen des Streites um die $Zusammengeh\"{o}rigkeit$ dieser Rede zur epideiktischen wird hier auch untersucht, ob das Enkomium die von den Theoretikern wie Aristoteles und Cicero aufgestellten Bedingungen der epideiktischen Rede $erf\"{u}llt$. Nur 'die Apologie' nach der $Formalit\"{a}t$ im Beweis ausgeschlossen, die aber zur Beseitigung des am Gegenstand des Lobes $angeh\"{a}ngten$ Tadelhaften erforderlich ist, entspricht das Enkomium dem Prinzip der epideiktischen Rede: Lob der Tugend wie $Sch\"{o}nheit$ und Adeligkeit, Amplifikation bei der Formulierung, Wirkziel des aesthetischen Genusses. Wenn man die Entstehungszeit dieses Enkomiums $ber\"{u}cksichtigt$, kann man plausibel folgern, dass es eine $fr\"{u}he$ Form der Lobrede ist.

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Augustin und die Rhetorik (아우구스티누스와 수사학)

  • Hahn, Seok-whan
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.116
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    • pp.389-410
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    • 2010
  • Augustin wurde sozusagen von der Rhetorik zum Christentum bekehrt. Der einstmalige Rhetorikprofessor (bis 386) distanziert sich von seiner $fr{\ddot{u}}heren$ Kunst. Aber er $kn{\ddot{u}}pft$ als Bischof im vierten Buch seiner weniger bekannten Schrift "De doctrina Christiana" (DDC; abgef. 427) wieder an die antike Rhetorik, speziell an Cicero, an. So wird die augustinische $Sp{\ddot{a}}tschrift$ $f{\ddot{u}}r$ eine antike Rhetorik in christlicher Verwendung gehalten. Es stellt nun die Frage, was Augustin zur $R{\ddot{u}}ckkehr$ zu seiner $fr{\ddot{u}}heren$ Kunst bewegte. Neuere Forschungen sehen in Augustins Werk eine Grundlage der mittelalterlichen Predigttheorie oder einen $blo{\ss}en$ Versuch, die Rhetorik vom Makel des Sophistischen zu befreien. Gewiss ist seine Einstellung zur "leeren Beredsamkeit" der Sophistik eindeutig, aber dies war eine Haltung, die letztlich von allen seinen christlichen Zeitgenossen geteilt wurde und folglich eines geringen Beweises bedurfte. Die Aufmerksamkeit, die Augustins $sp{\ddot{a}}terem$ Einfluss und seiner Ablehnung der Zweiten Sophistik geschenkt wird, kann den Blick $tr{\ddot{u}}ben$ $f{\ddot{u}}r$ seine Rolle bei der $L{\ddot{o}}sung$ eines christlichen Dilemmas aus dem vierten Jahrhundert. Augustin sah die Gefahren einer entgegengesetzten rhetorischen $H{\ddot{a}}resie$. Die $S{\ddot{u}}nde$ des Sophisten besteht darin, dass er die Notwendigkeit des Inhalts verneint und glaubt, nur die forma alleine sei $w{\ddot{u}}nschenswert$. Der gegenteilige Fehler, dem Geschichtsschreiber der Rhetorik niemals einen Namen gegeben haben, beruht auf dem Glauben, dass derjenige, der im Besitz der Wahrheit ist, auch ipso facto in der Lage ist, die Wahrheit anderen zu ${\ddot{u}}bermitteln$. Es handelt sich um eine $ausschlie{\ss}liche$ $Abh{\ddot{a}}ngigkeit$ von der materia. Augustin erkannte eine Gefahr und benutzte DDC dazu, eine Verbindung von Inhalt und Form in der christlichen Predigt voranzutreiben. Nur wenn man daher das Buch als einen Teil der $gro{\ss}en$ Debatte des vierten Jahrhunderts ansieht, tritt seine historische Bedeutung klar hervor. Der Leser ist beeindruckt davon, dass der Autor darauf insistiert, es sei eine Torheit, dem Feind ein $n{\ddot{u}}tzliches$ Instrument zu ${\ddot{u}}berlassen$. Augustin $erkl{\ddot{a}}rt$, dass die Kunst der Beredsamkeit rege in Gebrauch genommen und nicht kurzerhand abgelehnt werden solle, weil sie mit dem Makel des Heidentums behaftet sei. Kurz gesagt, geplant ist das vierte Buch von DDC als eine ratio eloquentiae Christianae.