• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.265-278
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• 1991

This study was to examine the effects of insurance coverage on the utilization of public health institutions and to identify the factors associated with the utilization. The data were obtained from household interview surveys conducted twice in Hwachun Gun, Kangwon Do. The time period covered in the first survey was December $17{\sim}31$, 1987, before the implementation of regional medical insurance for the self-employed, and that of the second survey was January 28 $\sim$ Febuary 11, 1990, after its implementation. Major findings emerged from the analysis can be summarized as follows (1) Medical care utilization of rural people markedly increased after they were covered by medical insurance. The insurance coverage increased the utilization of public health institutions as well, and this increase was mainly attributable to the utilization by chronically ill patients. (2) Between 1987 and 1990, the proportion of the utilization of public health institutions over whole medical care utilization decreased. But the proportion increased for chronically ill patients covered by regional medical insurance during the same time span. (3) The results of logistic regression suggested that the rural self-employed utilized public health institutions at an increased rate after they were covered by medical insurance. It was also indicated that the increase resulted from the utilization by chronically ill patients. (4) The relative importance of public health institutions for rural medical care decreased after the implementation of regional medical insurance. But considering that the utilization of public health institutions by chronically ill patients increased after insurance coverage, attention should be directed to improving the capability of public health institutions to control chronic degenerative diseases.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.331-339
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• 1997

With increases in senior citizens and changes in family structure, the need for long-term care system for elderly is increasing, however, the capacity and environment of Korean facilities are very limited. Health and nutritional status of long-term care residents are worse than free-living elderly. In this study, general food service management and health care practices in long-term care systems were investigated. Questionnaire were sent to the directors of all 162 long-term care facilities in Korea and 81 returned the complete answers. The results showed 1) There are slow but steady increase in long-term care systems in Korea, however, the capacity is far from adequate. Less than 10,000 elderly were resided in the facilities. Most of the systems were free-nursing homes and supported by the goverment. Staffing structure revealed that most of the facilities had a director, a secretary, nurses, but only 21% of the systerm hired a dietitian. It showed the shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dietitians. Therefore, food purchasing, menu planning, food delivery, and the other food service management processes are handled by non-professionals, such as director, secretary, or cooks. Modified fool frequency questionnaire were used to get the frequencies of each food items used in menu and a menu-analysis was made on the one-day menu provided by the facilities. The results showed relatively satisfactory in nutrients content and food frequencies., however, this was about what was used in menu, not what was eaten by the residents. Therefore this results did not tell that the food intake status of individuals. In most facilities general health checkup was done on a regular basis, and had residents with various chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension, neuralgia, stroke, arthritis, diabetes. But the items checked on health checkup included weight, height, blood and urine tests, X-ray test, which suggested that the checkup lists should be revised to accomodate the health problem of the aged today.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2011

Oxidative stress or accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads neuronal cellular death and dysfunction, and it contributes to neuronal degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. Glutamate is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Glutamate contributes to fast synaptic transmission, neuronal plasticity, outgrowth and survival, behavior, learning and memory. In spite of these physiological functions, high concentration of glutamate causes neuronal cell damage, acute insults and chronic neuronal neurodegenerative diseases. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme plays an important role of cellular antioxidant system against oxidant injury. NNMBS020, the water-insoluble fraction of the 70% EtOH extract of root barks of Dictamnus dasycarpus, showed dominant neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells by induced the expression of HO-1 and increased HO activity. In mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, NNMBS020 makes the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The ERK MAPK pathway inhibitor significantly reduced NNMBS020-induced HO-1 expression, whereas the JNK and p38 inhibitors did not. In conclusion, the water-insoluble fraction of the 70% EtOH extract of root barks of D. dasycarpus (NNMBS020) significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2 and ERK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.676-684
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• 2015

This study was performed to produce WBM (wheat and barley mixture) bread containing molokhia powder with quality characteristics and antioxidant activities. Analysis of the chromaticity of WBM prepared with molokhia powder showed that; the lightness and redness were decreased, but yellowness was increased. In mechanical properties, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly increased as the amount of molokhia powder was increased. However, cohesiveness was significantly decreased. In sensory evaluation, WBM bread containing 1.5% of molokhia powder (MB1.5) showed an overall high preference level. The total polyphenol content of molokhia powder EtOH extract and MB1.5 were 29.19 and 58.18 mg TAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of molokhia powder EtOH extract and MB1.5 were 20.62 mg and 33.25 mg RE/g, respectively. The radical scavenging ability ($IC_{50}$) of DPPH ($IC_{50}$) for molokhia powder EtOH extract and MB1.5 was 31.04 and $58.18{\mu}g/mL$, respectively while that of ABTS was 33.25 and $54.15{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory effects of molokhia powder EtOH extract and MB1.5 were 494.88 and $814.88{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. MB bread containing 1.5% molokhia powder showed antioxidative effects and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity, meaning that not only molokhia but also MB1.5 bread has the potential to prevent chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.199-208
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• 1999

As the average life span have been lengthened and the rate of senile population have been raised, chronic degenerative diseases incident to aging has been increased rapidly and become a social problem. With this social background, recently, the facts that oxygen radicals(OR) have toxic effects on Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System and cause neuropathy such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer Disease have been turned out, and accordingly lots of studies on the mechanism of the toxic effects of OR on nerves, the diseases caused by OR and the approaches to curing the diseases have been made. The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by Glucose Oxidase(GO) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Chilbokyeum(CBY) on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured cell from the cerebrums of new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. 1. GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on NR assay and MTT assay 2. GO, a oxygen radical, increased lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. 3. CBY have efficacy of decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. CBY have efficacy of decreasing the amount of LOH. From the above results, It is concluded that Chilbokyeum has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the GO-mediated oxidative process. And Chilbokyeum is thought to have certain pharmacological effects on controlling over aging and treating Dementia. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of Chilbokyeum should be complemented.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1163-1167
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• 2011

과다한 음주는 알츠하이머 및 파킨슨 질병과 같은 각종 만성 퇴행성 뇌질환의 대표적인 원인 중 하나로 알려져 있다. 체내에 유입된 에탄올은 알코올 탈수소효소(alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH)에 의해 아세트알데히드로 대사된 후 다시 알데히드탈수소효소 2(aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, ALDH2)에 의해 아세트산으로 대사되어 배출된다. 에탄올의 대사과정 중에는 다량의 free radical이 생성되어 체내에서 산화적 스트레스를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있고, 아세트알데히드는 활성산소를 생산하는 독성물질로 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 8주간 에탄올에 노출된 Aldh2 knockout 마우스를 사용하여 ALDH2 효소 활성이 뇌 조직과 소변의 지질과산화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 살펴보았으며, 지질과산화 정도를 측정하기 위해 HPLC를 통한 TBARS 정도를 측정하였다. 연구결과, 마우스에서 만성 에탄올 섭취는 뇌 조직 TBARS 생성에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 소변 TBARS는 Aldh2 (-/-) 마우스에서 에탄올을 투여함에 따라 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과로부터 8주간 에탄올을 경구 투여한 마우스에서 ALDH2의 활성은 체내의 전반적인 활성산소 생성에는 중요하게 관여하는 것으로 보이지만 뇌조직에서의 활성산소 생성에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보이며, 이는 에탄올 노출과 이에 따른 활성산소가 다양한 만성 뇌질환을 유발한다는 기존의 가설에서 ALDH2의 활성이 중요하게 관여하지 않을 가능성을 시사한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Inflammation is a recognized and important factor of OA progression. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Corni Fructus water extract (CFW) on a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rat model of OA. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA (50 µL; 80 mg/mL) into the knee joint cavity of rats. After an adaptation period for seven days, the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=8/group): normal, control, indomethacin-treated (5 mg/kg), and CFW-treated (200 mg/kg) groups. The rats were treated orally for 14 days. Pain was evaluated by determining hind paw weight distribution. For biochemical analyses, we measured the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in the knee joint. The presence of anti-oxidant proteins and inflammatory proteins was determined by western blotting. Results: The administration of CFW significantly improved the hind paw weight distribution. The ROS and ONOO^- levels of knee joint were significantly decreased in the CFW group. CFW inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, via the NF-κB signaling pathway. The expression of anti-oxidant enzymes, such as catalase and GPx-1/2 also increased significantly. Conclusions: The findings indicate that CFW has a therapeutic and protective effect on OA by suppression of inflammation. Therefore, CFW could represent a potential and effective candidate for OA treatment.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2021

선천성 유전질환인 CMT와 후천성 면역 매개 질환인 CIDP는 임상적 증상이 유사하므로 두 질환의 감별진단을 위해서는 말초신경의 전기생리학적 특징을 비교하는 것이 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 CIDP와 CMT 1형으로 확진된 환자의 신경전도검사 결과 중 감각신경전도검사의 주요 지표별 결과를 후향적으로 정량분석하여 두 질환군의 전기생리학적 특징을 규명하고자 하였다. CIDP (N=35)와 CMT1 (N=30)로 확진된 환자의 dCNAP와 SNCV를 이용하여 두 질환군의 중증도 분석, 유의성 검정, 비정상 범위별 비율분석 및 상관분석을 실시하여 통계적 차이를 기반으로 특징을 비교하였다. 두 질환 모두 전신성 말초신경다발신경병증의 특징이 관찰되었고, 장딴지신경의 손상이 가장 심한 것으로 확인되었다. CMT1군은 탈수초성 및 축삭성 신경병증을 동반하는 전신성 신경병증이고, CIDP보다 더 중증의 신경병증임이 확인되었다. 또한, 상관계수 및 산점도 분석에서 CMT1은 신경 손상 범위가 전체 신경에서 균등한 전기생리학적 특징이 관찰되었다. 감각신경전도검사의 결과를 기반으로한 본 연구결과가 CIDP와 CMT 1형의 감별진단 및 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국신경인지재활치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 현대인의 식습관 문제점 인지와 발생 질병극복을 위한 대안을 제시하기 위해 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들의 질병 발병률 감소가 식습관이 미치는 영향 대한 선행연구를 조사하는 방식으로 이루어졌다. 방법: 본 연구의 기간은 2016년 5월 1일부터 2018년 2월 28일까지 이루어졌다. 문헌 검색은 database로서 Pubmed와 국내 각각의 학회 사이트를 활용하였다. 잘못된 식습관의 인지를 바탕으로 식습관에 따른 질병의 종류를 분류하여 서술하였다. 본 논문은 분석된 데이터를 통해 객관적으로 해석하고 결론을 유추하였다. 총 100여 편 이상을 선정하여 그 중 60여 편의 논문과 데이터베이스를 가지고 총설을 작성하였다. 결과: 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들은 균형진 영양섭취, 충분한 운동, 적절한 수분 섭취, 햇빛 쬐기, 절제(알코올 등 절제), 신선한 공기, 적절한 휴식, 그리고 신뢰 등을 기초로 한 영양교육을 철저히 실천하고 있다. 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들의 대부분은 생활습관 중 특별히 균형 잡힌 영양섭취에 해당하는 식습관은 채소, 과일, 견과류를 충분히 섭취하는 채식위주의 식사를 포함한다. 로마린다에 거주하는 사란들은 다른 곳에 거주하는 사람들에 비해 관상동맥 심장병과 암 발병률이 낮은데, 그것의 직접적인 이유로는 건강한 채식위주의 식습관과 금연, 금주 등을 강조하는 절제생활 및 운동에 대한 인지를 통해 활동량의 증가 등을 꼽는다. 건강한 삶의 여러 요인 중 이 논문이 살펴본 중요한 부분은 식습관인데, 이는 올바른 식습관이 건강한 삶과 직결돼 있고, 좋지 못한 식습관이 많은 질병의 원인이 되기 때문이다. 많은 선행연구들이 대부분의 만성퇴행성질환은 나쁜 식습관과 스트레스에서 기인함을 이미 밝혀냈다. 결론: 지역공동체의 식습관을 연구의 대상으로 삼은 이유는 그들의 생활습관이 건강한 삶에 관심을 가진 현대인에게 주는 메시지가 있기 때문이다. 영양교육을 통해 건강하게 사는 사람들의 생활습관, 특별히 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들의 식습관을 살펴보는 것은 건강한 삶을 추구하고자 하는 현대인들에게 중요한 배움의 기회가 될 것이다. 또한 현대인이 자신의 식습관을 올바르게 인식하여 식행동의 변화를 유도한다면, 질병에 대한 발병률을 감소시키고, 건강한 삶을 영위할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.669-677
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, nutrient intakes, dietary - related behaviors and health - related behaviors of male workers that were divided according to their alcohol consumption. The mean height, weight and BMI of all subjects were 172.0$\pm$5.8 cm, 67.8$\pm$9.3 kg and 22.9$\pm$2.6 kg/$m^2$, respectively. The WHR was higher in the heavy drinking group than in the other groups(p<0.01), while the other anthropometric indices were not significantly different among the three groups. The calorie intake was highest(p<0.001) in the heavy drinking group(3,270.4$\pm$686.5 kcal), followed by moderate(2,602.8$\pm$415.8 kcal) drinking group and light drinking group(2,341.5$\pm$449.4 kcal). As alcohol consumption increased, there was a decrease in the percent of energy derived from carbohydrates and lipids, while there was an increase in the percent of energy derived from proteins and alcohol(p<0.001). The heavy and moderate drinking groups had a highers intake of protein compared to the light drinking group, and the heavy drinking group had a higher intake of lipid compared to the light and moderate drinking groups(p<0.01). The intakes of vitamin $B_2$, niacin and phosphorus were lower in the moderate group than the other groups(p<0.01). The average MAR(Mean adequacy ratio) was 1.44$\pm$0.35 and the intake of all nutrients, except for folic acid, was much higher than the Korean RI(Recommended intake). The fruit intake frequency and sleeping hours were the lowest in the heavy drinking group(p<0.05) and the subjects preferred the following order of food products when they drink: meat(42.5%), fish & shellfish(30.0%), fruit & vegetable(22.5%) and others(5.0%) as a side dish. The average rates of smoking and exercise for all the subjects were 77.5% and 67.5%, respectively. The results of this study showed that heavy alcohol drinkers were more prone to abdominal obesity and related chronic degenerative diseases, indicating the need for extensive nutritional education for heavy alcohol drinkers.