• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out women's need and level of knowledge about episiotomy, pain and discomfort related to episiotomy on a cross-sectional survey design. The subjects were 102 postpartal women agreed on oral consent. 34 postpartal women admitted at obstetric ward of H university hospital, 34 postpartal women admitted at 2 Sanhujoriwons, and 34 women within one year afterbirth. They were selected in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from July, 1 to September 30, 2000, by a structured questionnaire. The instrument used for this study was a questionaire consisted of 5 items of general characteristics, 12 items of obstetric characteristics, 10 items of level of knowledge (Chronbach $\alpha$ .8176), 8 items of need of education(Chronbach $\alpha$ .8836), 3 items of pain (Chronbach $\alpha$ .9252), and 3 items of discomfort (Chronbach $\alpha$ .8092). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows; 1. 63.2% of respondents had right answer on 6-8 items among 10 items. Only 4.4% of women got right answer on 10 items all. 2. The need of education was high(4.45%) on all items and the range of score was $4.25{\sim}4.64$. 3. The strength of pain was the highest within one week afterbirth(5.93/10) and became lower in 8-14 days afterbirth(2.55). And after 15days of postpartum, the pain level became to the lowest level(1.08). However, pain was delayed until more than one month afterbirth. 4. The level of discomfort was the highest one week afterbirth(6.88/10) and became lower in 8-14 days afterbirth(4.20). And after 15days of postpartum, the discomfort level became to the lowest level(2.47). Universally, the degree of discomfort was higher than pain. 5. There was a strong positive correlation between discomforts and pain ($r=.752^{**}$) and weak positive correlation between discomforts and the level of educational need($r=.308^*$). In conclusion, women have a right to choose whether she will have episiotomy or not according to her decision making based on the comprehensive knowledge of episiotomy before they get episiotomy with consent process and explanation in detail. Women health care providers like nurses have a responsibility to do conscious raising and empowerment for women so that they could lead themselves to choose given medical treatments for women's health and wellbeing and the quality of life in her life cycle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1292-1302
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• 2000

The relationship between the attitude and satisfaction for sexuality of pregnant women was observed to provide rationales of nursing intervention to help promote healthy sexual lifestyles. Questionnaires were collected from 211 obstetric outpatients of H university hospital in C city, Korea from February to May 1999. The research tools were D.S.F.I (Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory in Korean, Chronbach's $\alpha=$ 0.710) and Sexuality Satisfaction Method (Kim, 1997, Chronbach's $\alpha$ =0.864). Data was analyzed for frequency, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, t-test and ANOVA by Windows SAS. The results of this study were as follows: Mean age of the subjects were 29.8; the average score of attitude to sex was moderate (27.60), and that of satisfaction sex was high (54.11); the positive relationship was shown between attitude and satisfaction for sexuality (r=0.51, p=.000); the higher educational and income levels of pregnant women and their husbands, were the better the attitude and satisfaction for was; professional women had better attitude than housewives. According to the results, it is suggested that the study is necessary to develop an effective nursing intervention related with the sexuality of pregnant women.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.6_2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

This study was set up hypothesis "NCS recognition ➩ NCS training needs ➩ Performance of the NCS training". The survey was conducted to explore the need for Security-related NCS education at university and awareness of the NCS for Security Studies students. Results of analyzing the internal consistency, this study showed that ensure internal consistency is calculated Chronbach's Alpha coefficient of more than 0.8. Validation of the survey was investigated by secured Convergent validity and discriminant validity among the variables calculated all over the reference value. This study showed that the model is appropriate with results using the structural equation modeling to validate the research model The correlation analysis of this hypothesis was very high as calculated the standardization factor 0.726 and 0.870 for each relationship by hypothesis testing results.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.393-403
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• 2012

This study is to investigate social network of sports for all's instructor and occupational achievement. To accomplish this goal, this study sampled 240 instructors of sports facilities of Seoul utilizing purposive sampling method in 2011. But this study finally used 203 samples in data analysis. Validity and reliability of instruments tested by expert meetings and reliability analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ is over .674. Data analysis is logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSSWIN 18.0. Conclusions are the followings. First, gender, number of employment influence on employment throughout individual network. Second, social network influences on occupational achievement. Namely, individual network influences on wage satisfaction, social network influences fitness of academic career.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.298-305
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• 2014

This study is to analyze the relationship of speciality of personal trainer, PT satisfaction and exercise adherence. To accomplish this goal, this study sampled 240 members of sports facilities of Seoul utilizing purposive sampling method in 2013. But this study finally used 219 samples in data analysis. Validity and reliability of instruments tested by expert meetings and reliability analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ is over .697. Data analysis is SEM using AMOS 18.0. Conclusions are the followings. Firstly, speciality of personal trainer influence on PT satisfaction of members. Secondly, speciality of personal trainer influence on exercise adherence. Thirdly, PT satisfaction influence on exercise adherence. Fourthly, PT satisfaction have not a mediating role between speciality and exercise adherence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-71
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mother-child interactions in terms of maternal child- rearing behavior, maternal self-esteem, and their school-age children's self-esteem. The subjects were, all living in the Seoul area. A pre-test was conducted twice on 98 subjects. Each time the values of Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ were obtained on maternal behavior, maternal self-esteem and children's self-esteem. Data analysis was by ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation. multiple regression analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, and factor analysis. Children's self-esteem was positively related (1) to family background factors:educational level, employment status of mothers, social economic status, and number of siblings (2) to maternal self-esteem and (3) to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of affection, acceptance, and encouragement of independency. Children's self-esteem was negatively related to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of hostility, rejection and encouragement of dependency. The relative importance of independent variables on children's self-esteem was found to be in the following order:mother's educational level. social economic status, and number of siblings (${\beta}=0.5935$, p< .001), maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension (${\beta}=0.0849$, p< .001), and in the acceptance-rejection dimension(${\beta}=0.0365$, p< .05). The regression model showed that 25 percent of the children's self-esteem could be accounted for by family background factors. and maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension and the acceptance-rejection dimension ($R^2=0.25$).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.129-150
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to exame the effect of the planned indoctrination program on the role transition of new graduate nurses in one educational hospital located in Seoul. The planned in doctrination program was a 1-month program and consisted of 3 days induction and 22 days orientation- socialization. The simulated control group pretest-posttest research was designed for this study. One hundred and twenty subjects were selected from the new graduate nurses who were employed by the Seoul National Univerty Hospital. Sixty of them were assigned to the pretest, and the rest to the posttest. To collect the data on role transition, the researcher developed the instrument, measuring 3 differert areas : inducction, orientation, and socialization. The reliability of the instrument were induction area's Chronbach ${\alpha}$ .8291, orientation area's Chronbach ${\alpha}$ .9809, and soialization area's Chronbach ${\alpha}$ .8524. The data were collected from Aprial to October 1995 at three different times: (1) immediately before indoctrination program began, (2) immediately after the program ended, and (3) 2 months after the program ended. In addition to the self-report of the subjects, their superiors filled out the same instrument on role transition to compare the scores between the subjects and their superiors at 2 months after the program. T-test was utilized to test differences between the means of pre- and post-tests. The result of this study are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in the mean scores between before and immediately after the indoctrination program (t=-12.65, P=.000). There were significant differences in all 3 areas of role transition. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean scores between immediately after and 2 months after the program (t=-2.91, P=.004), Among 3 areas of role transition, however, only in the orientation area was there significant difference (t=-3.26, P=.001). 3. There was no significant difference in total mean scores between subjects' self-report and their superiors' report 2 months after the program ended (t =.97, p= .335). Among 3 different areas, however, there was a significant difference in the induction area (t=2.41, P=.018). 4. There was significant difference in mean scores between the group Of 3-year diploma and 4-year bachelor's degree only at pretest (t=-2.56, P= .013), but not at two posttests (t=-1.08, P=.250: t=-.34, P=.733). In conclusion, the planned indoctrination program for new graduate nurses was proved to be effective on the role transition in the study. But the result in the study showed that the indoctrination program had not equal effect On 3 different areas of role transition. There were significant differences in the scores between after and 2 months after the program only in the orientation area. These suggest that indoctrination program should be developed more focusing on induction and socialization areas to help new graduate nurses have a high morale and enthusiasm for the organization. Also contineous program to facilitate induction and socialization might be necessary for them to have a successful role transition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a children's ego-resilience measurement scale and to examine the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Subjects consisted of 289 children of age 3 to 5 attending kindergarten and daycare centers located in Gwangju city and Chonnam province. Factor analysis, correlation analysis and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS 18.0 and Amos 18.0 programs. The children's ego resilience scale consists of 26 items of 5 factors(attention concentration, emotion control, self efficacy, empathy, peer relationship) after the exploratory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that RMSEA is .059, NNFI is .901 and CFI is .913. Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient were acceptable with this study's scale and KPRC. Chronbach ${\alpha}$ were also acceptable. Thus, the developed children's ego resilience measurement scale is reliable and valid.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the safety needs and life satisfaction of users of security system. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of "safety need, use satisfaction, life satisfaction". As a result of the analysis, Chronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.897 for safety needs, 0.888 for use satisfaction, and 0.887 for life satisfaction. The items were found to have internal consistency. In the validation of discriminant validity, both AVE and CR values were found to be 0.6 or more than the reference value of 0.8. The intuitiveness of the variables used in this study was found to be largely secured. As the hypothesis test result, the standardization factor was calculated as 0.993 for 'safety needs ⇨ use satisfaction' and 0.453 for 'use satisfaction ⇨ life satisfaction', and both hypotheses were positive. As a result of the verification, it was analyzed that the higher the user's safety needs, the higher the use satisfaction, and the higher the use satisfaction, the higher the life satisfaction.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.57-78
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• 2016

This study was set up hypotheses and conduct surveys target major in security students that the higher satisfaction with the curriculum and major selection will be higher satisfaction for the job selection and employment after graduation. Test results Chronbach's Alpha coefficients 0.833 have been calculated as ensuring internal consistency and simple regression analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of each item is presented to 0.811 showed a very high correlation. Therefore, the higher the satisfaction with the major selection and curriculum were analyzed by the higher satisfaction with the job choices and employment after graduation. The university seems to need effective training courses to give students an increasing satisfaction with the majors. To increase the level of theoretical and practical training is required to the active support and attention of Industrial School Institute. In order to increase the satisfaction of employees and future development security, the need for effective education in universities is raised.