• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

An efficient system of rice microspore culture could contribute to the production of genetically modified rice. The microspores were isolated by mechanical or shed methods. The number of microspores per 100 anthers isolated at uninucleate stage was higher than (or similar to) those at binucleate stage in isolation method with pestle or spatular, but microspore divisions were not easily observed on both stages. On the other hand, pollen division in shed pollen culture was observed more frequently at uninuclear than at binuclear stage. Cold pretreatment at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 days resulted in the best multicellular division to produce microcalli at 12.5% efficiency in shed microspores. Heat shock at 33$^{\circ}C$ for one hour before or after pollen shedding enhanced cell division and callus formation. Out of twelve green regenerants, two were haploids and ten were diploids based on the chromosome analysis of root tips. The size of stoma was 12$^{m}$ m in haploids and 15 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diploids determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.583-587
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• 2004

The 7 sheep microsatellite markersOarFCB48, OarAE101, MAF33, OarFCB11, MAF70, OarFCB304 and OarFCB128, which were located on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 9, 17 and 19, were selected to PCR in Hu sheep, Tong sheep and their closely related species,the goat. They were studied with the amplifying result of 7 microsatellite sites of Hu Sheep, Tong Sheep and goats, the data of allele number and range of allele' size of amplifying were analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in microsatellite DNA sites among 3 populations. Concerning the conservation of microsatellites in closely related species, selecting microsatellite sites located on the chromosome where the Robertsonian fusion was caused between sheep and goat, may be used in research into genetic differentiation and evolutionary relationships between sheep and goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.726-732
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• 2004

In this manuscript, a review of the diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds according to data from body stature and appearance, chromosome group, blood proteins, DNA molecular markers (mitochondria DNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA, microsatellite DNA, major histocompatibility complex) has been introduced. All of these provide efficient tools for the diversity analysis of Chinese indigenous goat breeds and are very important for biodiversity conservation, restoration of declining goat breeds, the priority defining in Chinese indigenous goat breeds' protection and the selection of nature preservation zones. Many Chinese indigenous goat breeds with small population size in the isolated mountains or reservoir areas are verging the potential threat of extinction, effectively lost with the rapid destroying of ecological environment. On the other hand, as a result of the introduction of modern commercial goat breeds and shortage of effective conservation, some populations, such as Small-xiang goat and Tibetan goat decrease rapidly in number of sires. In the interests of the long-term future of the goat breeds in China, conservation of goat breeds' genetic resources should be considered urgently and some conservation measures should be adopted. In addition, the continuing development of molecular biology will further enhance conservation of diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 1996

An 1.4 kb of the fad3 cDNA encoding microsomal linoleic acid desaturase catalyzing the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2, ${\omega}-6$) to linolenic acid (18:2, ${\omega}-3$) was introduced into tobacco plants by the Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation, Among the transgenic tobacco plants conferring kanamycin resistance, five transformants showing increment in unsaturated fatty acid contents were selected and further analyzed for the transgenecity, In genomic Southern blot analyses, copy numbers of the integrated fad3 DNA in chromosomal DNA of the five transgenic tobacco plants were varied among the transgenic lines. By Northern blot analyses, the abundancy of the fad3 mRNA transcript directed by Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter was consistent with the relative copy number of the fad3 DNA integrated in the chromosome of transgenic tobacco plants. When compared with the wild type, accumulation of linolenic acid in transgenic tobacco roots was elevated 3.7- to 4.7-fold showing a corresponding decrease in the linoleic acid contents; however, slight increments for linolenic acid were noticed in transgenic leaf tissues. These results indicated that the elevated level of fad3 expression is achieved in transgenic tobacco plants.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

Background Von Recklinghausen disease or neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of chromosome 17q11.2. The most common characteristic findings of NF 1 include multiple and recurrent cutaneous neurofibromas associated with psychosocial distress. Methods Sixteen patients (9 female, 7 male; average age, 31 years; range, 16 to 67 years) with multiple cutaneous neurofibromas between March 2010 and February 2012 were included in the study. All patients were treated with radiosurgical ablation and excision under general anesthesia. Results All 16 patients were satisfied with the results, when questioned directly during the outpatient department follow-up. The only complaint from a few patients was minimal scarring, but acceptable results were obtained in the end. Conclusions The radiofrequency procedure is almost bloodless and quick, creating a smaller necrotizing zone. Therefore, instead of employing the time consuming traditional surgery, such as laser therapy and electrosurgical excision, that produces uncertain results and can affect normal adjacent tissue, treatment of neurofibromas with radiofrequency ablation and excision can be an alternative choice of treatment for patients with a large number of neurofibromas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.547-557
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• 2016

Due to threats caused by social disasters, operating surveillance devices are essential for social safety. CCTV, infrared cameras and other surveillance equipment are used to observe threats. This research proposes a method for searching for the optimum location of surveillance sensors. A GA (Genetic Algorithm) was used, since this algorithm is one of the most reasonable and efficient methods for solving complex non-linear problems. The sensor specifications, a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and VITD (Vector Product Interim Terrain Data) maps were used for input data. We designed a chromosome using the sensor pixel location, and used elitism selection and uniform crossover for searching final solution. A fitness function was derived by the number of detected pixels on the borderline and the sum of the detection probability in the surveillance zone. The results of a 5-sensor and a 10-sensor were compared and analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2002

The significance of cell ploidy and repair ability for the radioprotective efficiency of cysteamine was studied in DNA repair - proficient and repair - deficient yeast cells irradiated $^{60}C0\;\gamma-rays.$ Results have been obtained for the cell survival of two groups of yeasts-diplont and haplont cells, both in haploid and diploid states. For diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, the correlation between the radio-protective action of cysteamine and the cell repair capacity was demonstrated. Such a correlation was not clearly expressed for haploid yeast cells. In addition, evidence was obtained indicating that the degree of the radioprotective action was independent of the number of chromosome sets in haplont yeast Pichia guilliermondii cells and in some radiosensitive mutants defective in the diploid-specific recovery. It is concluded on this basis that the radioprotective action may involve the cellular recovery process, which may be mediated by a recombination-like mechanism, for which the diploid state is required. The results obtained clearly show that the radioprotective effect was dependent on DNA repair status and indicate that the mechanism of the radioprotective action may be realized on the level of primary radiation damage production as well as on the level of postradiation recovery from potentially lethal radiation damage.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2013

The development of species-specific fish cell lines has become a valuable tool for biological research. In recent years, marine medaka Oryzias dancena has been recognized as a good experimental model fish but there are no reports of establishment of cell lines from this fish. In this study, two cell lines from O. dancena blastula embryos were established from 41 total trials (4.9%). The two cell lines displayed typical in vitro morphology and have been cultured for >121 passages, which corresponds to 293 days. The doubling times of the cell lines were 29.84 and 28.59 h, respectively, and both possessed the potential to expand in a clonal manner, albeit with significant differences between the two cell lines. The absence of any of the four main medium supplements; i.e., fish serum, fetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor, and medaka embryo extract, significantly inhibited growth. The proportion of cells possessing normal chromosome number was 45% and 46.7% of the cell lines, respectively. Taken together, two cell lines that proliferate continuously were established from marine medaka and these cell lines may provide a basic tool for characterizing the unique features of this fish species.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 1974

In counting chromosome number and karyotype study, it is necessary to let chromosomes on metaphase by pretreatment before fixation. For this purpose, colchicine, or 8-oxyquinoline are generally used. The author found out that chromosomes could be scattered by illuminating cyanoferrate complex solution in which root-tips were sunk. As materials, 8 sorts of plant such as Allium fisturosum, allium tuberosum Rottler, Triticum vulgare were used. Their root-tips were sunk on the bottom of beaker in potassium ferricyanide solution $3{\times}10-4M$ and illuminated through the solution by sterilizing lamp for 1~2 hours in dark room, keeping 10 cm distance from light source to the surface of solution and 2cm depth of solution. Then again, they were illuminated to the light which was somewhat weaker intensity than the former (distance, 16cm; depth, 3cm) for 1.5~2 hours after immersed in 1/100N-HCl and washed in water for each 5minutes. By such methods chromosomes could be scattered. About the mechanism of scattering, it is supposed that CN and Fe(CN)x ions $(x {\leq}5)$ which were gradually produced in the process of photodissociation acted together on the scattering of chromosomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.98-107
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• 2006

Chromosomal copy number changes (aneuploidies) are common in human populations. The extra chromosome can affect gene expression by whole-genome level. By gene expression microarray analysis, we want to find aberrant gene expression due to aneuploidies in Klinefelter (+X) and Down syndrome (+21). We have analyzed the inactivation status of X-linked genes in Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) by using X-linked cDNA microarray and cSNP analysis. We analyzed the expression of 190 X-linked genes by cDNA microarray from the lymphocytes of five KS patients and five females (XX) with normal males (XY) controls. cDNA microarray experiments and cSNP analysis showed the differentially expressed genes were similar between KS and XX cases. To analyze the differential gene expressions in Down Syndrome (DS), Amniotic Fluid (AF)cells were collected from 12 pregnancies at $16{\sim}18$ weeks of gestation in DS (n=6) and normal (n=6) subjects. We also analysis AF cells for a DNA microarray system and compared the chip data with two dimensional protein gel analysis of amniotic fluid. Our data may provide the basis for a more systematic identification of biological markers of fetal DS, thus leading to an improved understanding of pathogenesis for fetal DS.