• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.397-400
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• 2004

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes were investigated in four Korean native species of the genus Hosta. The chromosome complements were diploid of 2n=60 in H. japonica var. lancifolia Nakai and H. capitata Nakai, aneuploid of 2n=59 in H. minor (Bak.) Nakai, and modified triploid of 2n=92 in H. longipes (Fr. et Sav.) Matsumura. All the species carried four sets of distinctly large chromosomes of which the chromosome types were telocentrics or subtelocentrics with $4.4{\sim}7.2\;{\mu}m$ in length. The other chromosomes were meta-, submeta, subtelo-, or telocentric types and showed gradual length degradation in the range of $1.0{\sim}3.0\;{\mu}m$. The satellites appeared vestigially in a pair or a triplet set of chromosomes which depends on the species. New chromosome number and karyotype in H. longipes were the first report in this species. The structural rearrangement was suggested to explain the modified triploid composition of 2n=92.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2009

One of the frequent occurrences in rearrangements is chromosome inversion. Pericentric inversion is considered to be the variant of normal karyotype. We investigated the karyotypes of 1195 cases being referred to prenatal diagnosis using standard GTG banding for karyotype preparation. The chromosomal analysis revealed a total of 15 (1.26%) inversions. The characteristics of inversion type [(inv(4), inv(8), inv(9), inv(11)) were investigated on the basis of chromosomal analyses of fetuses and their parents. The results from chromosomal examination of the parents, whose fetuses were diagnosed as inversion, show that either parent might be the carrier. Inversion in human chromosome is commonly seen in normal humans and the frequency estimated to be 1 to 2% in general population and the exact amount of this phenomenon is still unclear. These results indicate that inv(8), inv(9), and inv(11) are phenotypically normal. However these may often cause clinical problems in offspring of the carrier, such as fetal wastage repeated spontaneous abortions and infertility with unknown mechanisms related to sex. We describe an inversion of human chromosome and its clinical correlation with human genetic disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1994

Chromosome variation in callus cells initiated from different cytogenetic type plane of Scilla scilloides Complex was analysed Considerable variation in both chromosome number and struchure was found in type AA, while no autosomal variation was detected in type BB callus cells. In allotetraploid AABB, two hypoploid cells were fount while a hypoploid cell and three hyperploid cells were found in eutetraploid cells of BBBB. Autosomes in callus cells derived from the plant with B-chromosomes were more stable than those from the plant without B-chromosome. We doubt that B-chromosomes have a selective function for the autosomes in culture of S. scilloides Complex.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2008

New somatic chromosome numbers and karyotype analyses of 33 medicinal herbs (30 genera, 23 families) in Korea were investigated. The chromosome numbers of 4 taxa, Euryale ferox, Rodgersia podophylla, Cirsium japonicum var. ussurience, Eehinops setifer, showed results that are different from previous reports. Among 33 taxa, 23 taxa were reported for the first time, and karyotype analyses were newly conducted for 2 taxa (Tiarella polyphylla, Crepidiastrum denticulatum) in Korea. In addition, we observed for the first time the new chromosome numbers for 4 taxa distributed evenly over the world (Lindera erythrocarpa, Corylopsis glabrescens var. gotoana, Ardisia crenata, Callicarpa japonica var. luxurians).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Reciprocal hybrids between the mud loach ($Misgurnus$ $mizolepis$) and cyprinid loach ($M.$ $anguillicaudatus$) were produced by artificial fertilization. The chromosome number of mud loach was 2n=48, consisting of 12M+4SM+32A chromosomes. The cyprinid loach has 2n=50, consisting of 10M+4SM+36A chromosomes. The chromosome numbers of the diploid reciprocal hybrids were 2n=49, consisting of 11M+4SM+34A chromosomes. All the karyotypes documented in this study had the same arm number of 64. There was no evidence of chromosomal polymorphisms or sex-related heteromorphism. The cytogenetic traits of the hybrid genotypes were intermediate between those of the parent species. In all genotypes, the chromosomal NORs localized to the terminal short arms of the same metacentric chromosome pair. These results suggest that Robertsonian translocation occurred between metacentric chromosome 1 of mud loach and acrocentric chromosome of cyprinid loach.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 1979

The chromosome behavior and it's synapsis in the meiosis of pollen mother cell were studied on Populus alba L. as a female parent tree, Populus glandulosa Uyeki as a male parent tree and their hybrid, Populus alba x glandulosa. 1. At metaphase I, the number of nuclear plates with early separation chromosome were observed with the lowest proportion of 11.0% in Populus glandulosa and with the highest proportion of 13.0% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa. 2. At metaphase II, early separation chromosomes appeared with the frequency of 11.0% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa. But the frequency was not different with those of the parental trees. 3. At anaphase I, lagging chromosomes appeared with some high rate of 11.6% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa and yet the number of chromosome bridges in populus alba x glandulosa almost were not different with the partental trees. 4. At anaphase II, lagging chromosomes appeared with some high frequency of 10.2% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa and the chromosome bridges in Populus glandulosa appeared with the highest frequency in all studied trees. 5. The frequency of abnormal pollen sporad was the highest value of 8.2% in Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa among the studied trees. With the results, it might be assured that the chromosome segregation and it's synapsis behaved normally in Populus alba, Populus glandulosa and Populus alba x glandulosa, and so all the studied trees could produced normal pollens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

The rate of fetus with abnormal chromosomes increase with maternal age. Nondisjunction of aging oocyte chromosome is a major reason for the increased rate of abnormalities. Telomeres are the ends of eukaryotic chromosome, which are essential for chromosome stability and are related in cell senescence. This study was carried out to analyze the chromosome aberration rate and amount of telomeric DNA in chick embryo along with maternal age. Fertilized eggs and blood were sampled from White Leghorn layers starting at 20 weeks through to 70 weeks age at 10 weeks interval. Chromosome aberration rate was analyzed by karyotyping. The amounts of telomeric DNA in embryonic cells and lymphocytes were quantified by Quantitative Fluorescence in situ Hybridization method. The chromosome aberration rate in chick embryos significantly differed with maternal age. The chromosome aberration rate increased at early laying period and beyond 70 weeks of maternal age. Therefore, chromosome aberration rate was affected by maternal age due to ovulated oocytes state. However, the amount of telomeric DNA on embryonic cells did not differ significantly with maternal age. Thus, maternal age does not affects telomere quantity in their embryos due to cellular reprograming at early embryonic stage after fertilization.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probe has been shown to be a valid and rapid method for detection of chromosome rearrangements induced by radiation. This method is useful for quantifying structural aberrations, expecially for stable ones, such as translocation and insertion, which are difficult to detect with conventional method in human lymphocyte. In order to apply FISH method for high dose biological dosimetry, chromosomal abberations by radiation at doses of 1, 3, 5, and 7Gy were analysed with whole chromosome-specific probes by human chromosome 1, 2 and 4 according to PAINT system. The frequencies of stable translocation per cell equivalent were 0.04, 0.33, 1.22, 2.62, and 5.58 for the lymphocyte exposed to 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7Gy, respectively, and those of dicentric were 0.00, 0.06, 0.52, 1.19 and 2.44, respectively. Significantly more translocation of t(Ab), a translocated chromosome with a piece of painted acentric matrial 'b' attached to unpainted piece containing centromere 'A', than reciprocal chromosome t(Ba) was observed. The frequencies of all type of chromosome rearrangements increased with dose. From above result, FISH seemed to be useful for radiation biodosimetry by which the frequencies of various types of stable aberrations in human lymphocyte can be observed more easily than by conventional method and so will improve our ability to perform meaningful biodosimetry.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 1999

Chromosome of cobitid fishes, Iksookimia yongdokensis collected from the 4 streams flowing to the eastsouthern coast of Korea was studied using chromosome of gill and kidney cells prepared by flame drying technique. The results obtained were as follows: the chromosome number was 100 composed of 44 meta-submetacentric and 56 subtelo-telocentric chromosomes, and the fundamental number (FN) was 144. It was remarked that Iksookimia yongdogensis was distinguishable from its congeners in the karyotype. The above evidences may suggest that Iksookimia yongdokensis was one of the tetraploid species of cobitid fishes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.292-299
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• 1997

The somatic chromosome numbers among the various taxonomic characters about 17 taxa in Korean Aster and its allied taxa were investigated to review accurate scientific name and taxonomic rank. The somatic chromosome numbers of the treated taxa were invariable in same taxa, but variable among different taxa. The treated taxa were divided into two types by basic chromosome numbers, one type was x=9, the other x=8 and x=9 type was subdivided by polyploidy. The somatic chromosome numbers of Aster altaicus var. uchiymae, A. hyatae, Kalimeris chejuensis were reported firstly in this study, and based upon somatic chromosome numbers and leaf morphology, the plants, idenified as Aster pinnatifidus in Korea was considered variant of Kalimeris incisa.