• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1979

Effects of Astragali Radix Water Extract (ARWE) on the blood pressure were investigated in the whole rabbit and the spinalized rabbit. ARWE, when administered into the ear-vein or lateral ventricle, produced a fall in the blood pressure in the whole rabbit, but intravenous ARWE in the spinalized rabbit did not elicite the hypotensive action. Pretreatments with chlorisondamine, guanethidine, phentolamine and cyproheptadine in the whole rabbit weakened the depressor action of ARWE. The hypotensive action of the whole rabbit to ARWE was not influenced by the pretreatment of the animals with diphennylhydramine, propranolol, and vagotomization, whereas inhibited by atropine. ARWE did not affect the pressor response by angiotensin. However, it enhanced the hypertensive action by norepineprine and reduced the elevation in the blood pressure by carotid occlusion in the whole rabbit. These experimental observations suggest that ARWE may cause the depressor response via mechanisms of the central sympathetic blocking action, cholinergic action by peripheral origin and serotonin-like action.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2002

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and devastating dementing disorders of old age. Most AD patients showed significant alternation of sleep structure as well as cognitive deficit. Typical findings of sleep architecture in AD patients include lower sleep efficiency, higher stage 1 percentage, and greater frequency of arousals. The slowing of EEG activity is also noted. Abnormalities in REM sleep are of particular interest in AD because the cholinergic system is related to both REM sleep and AD. Several parameters representing REM sleep structure such as REM latency, the amount of REM sleep, and REM density are change in patients with AD. Especially, measurements of EEG slowing during tonic REM sleep can be used as an EEG marker for early detection of possible AD. In addition, a structural defect in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is suggested to cause various chronobiological alternations in AD. Most of alternations related to sleep make sleep disturbances common and disruptive symptoms of AD. In this article, the author reviewed the alternation of sleep structure and circadian rhythm in AD patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1977

Intravenous injection of Mori Radicis Cortex Water Extract (MWE) regularly caused the does-related, lowering of blood pressure in the rabbits anesthetized with urethane, and then did not show the cumulative effect and the tachyphylaxis. The hypotensive effects of MWE were inhibited by atropine, chlorisodamine, phentolamine and bethanidine, while not altered by diphenhydramine, propranolol and cyproheptadine. Atropine after chlorisondamine did not alter the effect of MWE. MWE potentiated the pressor effect of nore-pinephrine, but did not carotid occlusion was inhibited by previous administration of MWE. It is conclude that MWE elicits hypotensive action in the rabbit by the centrally induced cholinergic effect and the inhibitation of responses to sypathetic adrenergic nerve activation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 1992

Alcoholic extract of seeds of Sesamum indicum (SI, 1-30mg/kg) caused hypotensive action in anesthetized rats. Heart rate was also decreased at slightly higher doses (10-30 mg/kg). Pretreatment with atropine (2 mg/kg) abolished these cardiovascular responses. In isolated spontaneously beating atria from guinea-pigs. SI caused decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus, SI (100-1000 ug/ml) produced contractile responses. All these actions of SI were abolished in the presence of atropine ($1\mu$M). These results indicate that alcoholic extract of seeds of Seamum indicum contains acetylcholine-like constituent(s) which explains some of the folkloric uses of plant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 1992

최근 수년 전부터 학습(learning), 기억(memory)의 분자약리학적 기전과 치매(dementia)의 신경생리학적 원인 규명에 대한 연구가 사회적 요구에 부응하여 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 횐쥐를 이용하여 실험실적 건망모델을 설정하여 항치매 물질의 효력 screening을 시도하였다. 실험실적 건망모델은 다음 두 가지 방법으로 설정하였다. 첫째, Acetylcholine 길항제인 Scopolamine을 사용하여 중추신경계중 기억, 학습기전과 관련된 것으로 알려진 cholinergic신경계률 차단하여 유발한 실험적 건망모델과, 둘째, 단백질합성 저해제인 cycloheximide를 사용하여 기억, 학습경로에 관여하는 수종의 중추 단백질듈을 비선택적으로 저해하여 유발한 실험적 건망모델을 이용하여 인삼, 오미자등의 항치매 효과를 검색하고자 수동적 회피학습능, 능동적 회피학습능, 자발운동량을 측정하여 기억, 학습, 행동의 상관 관계를 고찰하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 1982

The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of Perillae Folium juice on the respiration and blood pressure in cats. Also studied was the mechanism of depressor action of PFJ. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Following administration of 0.2 ml/kg, 0.4 ml/kg and 0.6 ml/kg PFJ into cats the maximum depressor responses observed were 48.5+3.6 mmHg, 56.8+4.3 mmHg and 71.1+2.9 mmHg respectively. 2) Depressor responses to PFJ were blocked makedly by atropine and partially by propranolol. Therefore it is strongly suggested that depressor action of PFJ results mainly from cholinergic effect and partly from activity of ${\beta}-receptor$. 3) After administration of PFJ into cats tachypnea preceded by a short period of apnea was observed invariably.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.634-639
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• 2001

Central anticholinergic syndrome is defined as an absolute or relative reduction in cholinergic activity in the central nervous system and has a wide variety of manfestations. It is associated with almost any drug given during anesthesia, except neuromuscular relaxants, and treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. The diagnosis of central anticholinergic syndrome is often made when symptoms resolve promptly after the administration of physostigmine. We present a case of a central anticholinergic syndrome diagnosed by treatment with physostigmine, in a patient who received closure of patent foramen ovale associated with stroke.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.243-248
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• 1999

There is substantial evidence that anatomical connections and functional interactions exist between vestibular and autonomic systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) including mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), power spectrum was analyzed for evaluation of the physiological role of the vestibular system on control of heart rate in rabbits. In anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by increasing HF. On the cervical sympathetic nerve increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Atropine, cholinergic blocker, increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by reducing HF, and propranolol, ${\beta}$-adrenergic blocker, decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by reducing LF> In unanesthetized rabbits, stimulation of the vestibular system induced by rotation or caloric increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF> Also electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve produced the same of effects as rotation or caloric in anesthetized rabbits. These results suggest that Stimulation of the vestibular system increased heart rate not by inhibiting the parasympathetic nerve but by activating the sympathetic nerve.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.803-807
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• 2008

We investigated the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and their possible involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation in four colon cancer cell lines (SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-407, and SNU-1033) derived from Korean colon carcinoma patients. A ligand binding assay showed that all four cell lines expressed mAChRs. Treatment of the four cell lines with the cholinergic agonist carbachol led to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). In SNU-407 cells, carbachol significantly stimulated cell proliferation, which could be abolished by the muscarinic antagonist atropine and the ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059. These results indicate that mAChRs specifically mediate the proliferation of SNU-407 colon cancer cells via the ERK1/2 pathway.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.150-153
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• 1994

Ethanolic extract of Daucus carota (DC) at the dose of 10-100 mg/kg caused a dose-dependent fall in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in nomotensive anesthetized rats. These effects were not blocked by atropine (1 mg/kg) and pretratment with DC did not alter the pressor response to norepinephrine indicating that cardiovascular effects of DC are independent of cholinergic or adrenergic recptors involvement. In spontaneously beating guinea-pig paired atria, DC induced a concentration-dependent (03-5 mg/ml) decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In rabbit thoracic aorta, DC caused inhibition of $K^+$-induced contractions at similar concentrations. These results suggest that the extract may exhibit $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocking-like direct relaxant action on cardiac and smooth muscle preperations and this action may be responsible for its hypotensive effect observed in the in vivo studies.