• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.316-316
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• 2010

Thin films spin-coated from solvent solutions are characterized by solution parameters and spin-coating process. In this study, performance characteristics of polymer solar cells were investigated with changing solution parameters such as solvent and additives. The phase-separation between polymer and fullerene is needed to make the percolation pathway for better transportation of hole and electron in polymer solar cells. For this reason, cooperative effects of solvent mixtures adding additives with distinct solubility have been studied recently. In this study, chlorobezene, 1, 2-dichlorbenzene, and chloroform were used as solvent. 1, 8-diiodoctaned and 1, 8-octanedithiol were used as additives and were added into poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl)/[6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) blends. Pre-patterned ITO glass was cleaned using ultrasonication in mixed solvent with ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone. PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on to the ITO substrate at 3000rpm and was baked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 10min on the hotplate. The prepared solution was spin-coated at 1000rpm and the spin-coated thin film was dried in the Petri dishes. Al electrode was deposited on the thin film by thermal evaporation. The devices were annealed at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30min. By adding 2.5 volume percent of additives into the chlorobenzene from that bulk heterojunction films consisting of P3HT/PCBM, the power efficiency (AM 1.5G conditions) was increased from 2.16% to 2.69% and 3.12% respectively. We have investigated the effect of additives in P3HT/PCBM blends and the film characteristics and the film characteristics including J-V characteristics, absorption, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to mainly depict the morphology control by doping additives.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of treatment for dermatitis using the herbal gel preparations. Scutellariae Radix(SR) and Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) were used for the purpose of herbal preparations. Baicalin, baicalein are the ingredients of SR, having biological effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial and antiallergic action. 6-Gingerol is one of the ingredients of ZR having biologicai effects like anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. The three types of hydrogels(SRE, SRH, SZH) were formulated with Carbopol 940, Labrasol, Triethanolamine etc. Baicalin was hydrolysed to baicalein by $\beta$-glucuronidase for the purpose to increase rate of skin permeation. Content of ingredients by HPLC determination, rate of skin permeation using Franz type diffusion cell, anti-oxidative activity for the free radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, anti-inflammatory by using carrageenan injection, efficacy on the dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) were experimented. Baicalein showed higher permeability than baicalin, so it is considered that baicalein was more suitable form than baicalin for transdermal absorption by its lipophilic property. In the anti-oxidative experiments, SZH gel was the most effective scavenging activity than the other gels in all experiments. In anti-inflammatory test, SRM and SZH gel more decreased edma rapidly than SRE gel. In case of using SZH gel, treatment period for the dermatitis was more declined than that of other gel groups. These results suggests that the SZH hydrogel could be suitable preparations for the treatment of dermatitis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1945-1950
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• 2007

Two fluorene-based conjugated copolymers containing hexyl-thiophene derivatives, PF-1T and PF-4T, were synthesized via the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of PF-1T and PF-4T were found to be 19,100 and 13,200, respectively. These polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, toluene, etc. The UV-vis absorption maximum peaks of PF-1T and PF-4T in the film state were found to be 410 nm and 431 nm, respectively. Electrochemical characterization revealed that these polymers have low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, indicating good resistance against oxidative doping. Thin film transistor devices were fabricated using the top contact geometry. PF-1T showed much better thin-film transistor performance than PF-4T. A thin film of PF- 1T gave a saturation mobility of 0.001-0.003 cm2 V?1 s?1, an on/off ratio of 1.0 × 105, and a small threshold voltage of ?8.3 V. To support TFT performance, we carried out DSC, AFM, and XRD measurements.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1958-1962
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• 2007

The title complex, Ir(H)(CO)(PEt3)2(η 2-C60) (2), has been prepared by the reaction of excess C60 (4 equiv) with a tetrairidium complex Ir4(CO)8(PEt3)4 (1) in refluxing chlorobenzene in 40% yield as green crystals. Compound 2 has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), spectroscopic methods (mass, IR, 1H and 31P NMR), and a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The molecular structure reveals that the iridium atom of 2 is coordinated by two axial ligands of a hydrogen atom and a carbonyl group, and three equatorial ligands of two phosphorus atoms and an η 2-C60 moiety. The CV study exhibits three reversible one-electron redox waves for the successive reductions of 2, together with additional four redox waves due to free C60 reductions, which was formed by decomposition of 2 in the reduced states. The three reversible redox waves of 2 are shifted to more negative potentials by ca. 270 mV compared to free C60, reflecting both metal-to-C60 π-back-donation and the electron-donating nature of the two phosphorus ligands.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.343-347
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• 2006

A novel, blue light-emitting polymer, poly(phenyl-9,9-dioctyl-9',9'dihexanenitrile)fluorene (PPFC6N), containing an alkyl and cyano group in the side chain, was synthesized by Suzuki polymerization and characterized. The polymer structure was confirmed by $^1H-NMR$. The number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polymer were 9,725 and 9,943 respectively. The resulting polymer was thermally stable with a glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of $93^{\circ}C$, and was easily soluble in common organic solvents such as THF, toluene, chlorobenzene and chloroform. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymer were revealed as 5.8 and 2.88 eV by cyclic voltammetry study, respectively. The ITO/PEDOT:PSS (40 nm)/PPFC6N (80 m)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (150 nm) device fabricated from the polymer emitted a PL spectrum at 450 nm and showed a real blue emission for pure PPFC6N in the EL spectrum. When t-butyl PBD was introduced as a hole blocking layer, the device performance was largely improved and the EL spectrum was slightly shifted toward deep blue. The device with PPFC6N containing t-butyl PBD layer showed the maximum luminance of 3,200 $cd/m^2$ at 9.5 V with a turnon voltage of 7 V.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.84-87
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 p-type 고분자 물질인 P3HT (Poly-3-hexylthiophene)를 잉크젯 프린팅 방식으로 활성화층을 적층함으로써 Organic thin film transistor를 제작하여 이에 대한 특성을 연구하였다. Piezoelectric 방식의 잉크젯 프린팅을 이용하여 P3HT single drop jetting 시 두께 $150{\sim}200{\AA}$, 직경 약 70 ~ 80 um정도의 drop profile을 얻을 수 있었다. P3HT의 solvent로서 Chlorobenzene을 사용하여 농도 약 0.5 wt.%의 Ink-jet용 ink를 제작하여 이를 Channel Width 37, 236 um 크기의 Au 전극 위에 jetting 하여 각각의 특성을 측정하였다. 상기 실험은 상온의 외부환경에서 실시되었으며 실험 결과 최대 ${\mu}=1{\times}10^{-2}\;cm^2/Vsec$, $I_{on}/I_{off}=10^3{\sim}10^4$ 정도로서 off current가 높은 편이나 이동도 측면에서는 다른 방법의 박막 증착 실험결과와 비교할 때 동등 수준의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.66-77
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• 2006

This review inquired the recently applied molecular biological and biochemical methods analyzing the microbial community structure of groundwater and, as a result, summarized the functional or taxonomic groups of active microorganisms with major contaminants in groundwater. The development of gene amplification through PCR has been possible to figure out microbial population and identification. Active microbial community structures have been analyzed using a variety of fingerprinting techniques such as DGGE, SSCP, RISA, and microarray and fatty acid analyses such as PLFA and FAME, and the activity of a specific strain has been examined using FISH. Also, this review included the dominant microflora in groundwater contaminated with fuel components such as n-alkanes, BTEX, MTBE, and ethanol and chlorinated compounds such as TCE, PCE, PCB, CE, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Novel non-conjugated blue light-emitting copolymers containing perylene and triazine moieties as light emitting and electron transporting units, respectively in the polymer side chain were synthesized. The resulting copolymers were soluble in most organic solvents such as chlorobenzene, THF, chloroform and benzene. The single-layered electroluminescence (EL) device consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO) /copolymer/aluminium (Al) exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency ($0.003\%$) and a good carrier balance when the triazine content was $30\%$. In particular, the device emitted blue light (479 nm) corresponding to the emission of perylene moiety. The drive voltage was observed at 5 V and the CIE coordinate was x=0.16, y=0.17.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1517-1522
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• 2007

Inhibitory effects of allergic contact dermatitis of hot water extract of Duchung (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf, bark and stem growing at Sancheong-gun were investigated for female BALB/c mouse induced by repeat elicitation of DNCB (2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene). Skin reactions, consisting of increased ear thickness and the presence of ear inflammation, were observed in mice treated with DNCB and Duchung. Weight of lymph node, spleen and thymus in mice treated with Duchung extracts were lower than that of mouse treated with DNCB. Ear weight of mouse treated with Duchung extracts was decreased by increasing the concentration of sample as compared to control group and dropped as low as control level at 1,000 mg/kg. Ear thickness became thinner as test time on Duchung extract progressed. MDA (malondialdehyde) contents in liver tissue were not different in sample group with DNCB group, but were different in ear tissue. NO (nitric oxide) contents was decreased in Duchung extract groups at serum and ear tissues as compared to 1% DNCB group. In the present study, the results suggested that Duchung extract inhibits inflammatory response and oxidative damage induced DNCB allergen.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

The efficacies of anti-atopic preparations were investigated in hairless mice suffering from 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesion. Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) containing ceramide and astaxanthin was prepared by a melt-homogenization method using Aminsoft-CT 12 (Cocoyl glutamate) as an emulsifier. And then, the SLNs were coated with silk fibroin (SF) by taking advantage of an electrostatic interaction between the surface of SLNs and SF. SLNs were included in lotion (FL) and cream (FC) types of preparations. Anti-atopic efficacies of the preparations were investigated in terms of appearance of skin surface, spleen index, serum IgE level, and serum cytokine level. SLN-containing preparations suppressed IgE production and IL-4 expression, but promoted $IFN-{\gamma}$ expression.