• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.50
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• pp.261-294
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper lies how the original text of Chinese classical literary works have been implemented in the paintings of China and Korea, and inspect the ways how of these original text interpreted in paintings. It is an experiment of trying to analyze through literature with painting and read again painting through literature. Qu Yuan(屈原) Prose Poem of Fisherman("漁父辭"), Tao Yuanming(陶淵明) Prose Poem of Returning Home("歸去來辭") and the prose with a poem on the peach blossom spring("桃花源記幷詩"), Du Fu(杜甫), Song of Eight Drunken Celestials("飮中八仙歌"), Su Shi(蘇軾), Odes on the Red Cliff("赤壁賦"), Ou Yangxiu(歐陽脩), Odes of the Sounds of Autumn("秋聲賦") and the paintings which based on these texts were the target of examination. These literary texts shared by Chinese and Korea have been compared in the aspects of acceptance and enjoyment. And on the basis of this process the characteristics of korean paintings expressing the ideas of classical literary works was induced. As a result, the following facts are derived. First, By the emergence of the typical style which was formed historically in China at the korean painting shows that korean painters not only actively embraced the art style of China also did not lose the international sense. Second, through the profound study for chinese painting, they transformed it in accordance with korean aesthetic view and finally revealed typical korean characteristics. Third, the results as described above showed the difference of perception and interpretation of literary works between China and Korea.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.145-164
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• 2023

The proliferation of online reviews on dining experiences has significantly affected consumers' choices of restaurants, especially overseas. Food quality, service, ambiance, and price have been identified as specific attributes for the choice of a restaurant in prior studies. In addition to these four representative attributes, cultural factors, which may also significantly impact the choice of a restaurant for tourists, in particular, have not received much attention in previous studies. This study employs the text mining technique to analyze over 10,000 online reviews of 76 Korean restaurants posted by Chinese tourists on dianping.com to explore the influence of cultural factors on the consumer's choice of restaurants in the overseas travel context. The findings reveal that "Hallyu (Korean Wave)" influences Chinese tourists' dining experiences in Korea and their satisfaction. Moreover, Korean food-related words, such as cold noodle, bibimbap, rice cake, pig trotters, and kimchi stew, appeared across all the review topics. Our findings contribute to the existing tourism and hospitality literature by identifying the critical role of cultural factors on consumers', especially tourists', satisfaction with the choice of a restaurant using text mining. The findings also provide practical guidance to restaurant owners in Korea to attract more Chinese tourists.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 2021

Chinese courts seem to be indifferent or ignorant of truncated arbitration. In other words, the Chinese court canceled the arbitration award made by truncated arbitration except for the Pingdingsan Case among the four arbitration cases related to the domestic arbitration award reviewed in this paper on the ground that it violated the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitration procedure. A Chinese court has canceled the arbitration award by judging only based on the composition of the arbitral tribunal and the legal process of the violation of the arbitration procedure not by determining whether the domestic arbitration award made by the truncated arbitration meets the conditions for the application of truncated arbitration as stipulated in the Arbitration Rules. Moreover, it seems that the Chinese court made a serious error in the application of the relevant regulations in the Pingdingsan Case, which ruled that the truncated arbitration did not violate the legal process. In this case, the Chinese court admitted truncated arbitration under logic process that it was not necessary to wait until the final hearing to apply the truncated arbitraion because one arbitrator was absent before the final hearing, but the truncated arbitrator had already formed his/her opinion before the absence. However, in the case of Marshall Investment Corporation, a case related to foreign arbitration, the Chinese court rejected the approval and execution of the truncated arbitration award by strictly applying the laws and timing of the truncated arbitration. Since only one case has been identified in the main text, it is difficult to make a definitive judgment, but considering these cases, it seems to be that the Chinese courts apply different standards to domestic and foreign arbitration awards to determine the legality of truncated arbitration.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to explore future issues that Chinese users, who have the highest mobile payment service usage rate in the world, will be most interested in. For this purpose, after collecting text data from a Chinese SNS site, it classifies major keywords into 4 types of future signals by using Keyword Emergence Map (KEM) and Keyword Issue Map (KIM). Furthermore, to understand the four types of signals in detail, it performs the qualitative analysis on text related to each signal keyword. As a result, it finds that the strong signal, which is rapidly growing in keyword appearance frequency during this research period, includes the keywords related to the daily life of Chinese people, such as buses, subways, and household account books. Additionally, it find that the signal that appears frequently now, but with a low increase rate, includes various services that can replace cash payment, such as hongbao (cash payment) and bank cards. The weak signal and latent signal, which appear less often than other two signals, includes the keywords related to promotion events or changes in service regulations. Its result shows that the mobile payment services greatly have changed user's daily life beyond providing convenience. Furthermore, it shows that, in the Chinese market, in which card payment is not common, the mobile payment services have the great potential to completely replace cash payment.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.153-176
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• 2012

This study focused on concretely how minority group's attitude accepting han-zu's culture changes. In the past, minority group's culture and han-zu's culture were acculturated spontaneously, not forcibly. But as the people's republic of china was founded and control of chinese government was intensified, control and interference of minority group area became aggressive, and acculturation became compulsory. However, after chinese economic reform, by economic affluence and modernization and urbanization according to economic affluence, acculturation of minority group's culture and han-zu's culture is changing from forced acculturation to spontaneous acculturation. Still there are some areas where mutual friction lasts because of forced acculturation. But except some areas the stream is changing rapidly to spontaneous acculturation. In the text, this study investigated process and present state of acculturation focused on hui-zu that implemented aggressive acceptance of han-zu's culture relatively early. Then this study investigated yi-zu society and cultural change focused on their spontaneous acculturation. In the modern society setting a high value on convenience and personal happiness rather than ideology and value, value of race becomes less attractive to young people of minority group who know modern civilization and convenience of city. In this respect, maybe hui-zu society is future of yi-zu society and minority group society.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.4568-4584
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• 2016

Steganography based on text generation has become a hot research topic in recent years. However, current text-generation methods which generate texts of normal style have either semantic or syntactic flaws. Note that texts of special genre, such as poem, have much simpler language model, less grammar rules, and lower demand for naturalness. Motivated by this observation, in this paper, we propose a text steganography that utilizes Markov chain model to generate Ci-poetry, a classic Chinese poem style. Since all Ci poems have fixed tone patterns, the generation process is to select proper words based on a chosen tone pattern. Markov chain model can obtain a state transfer matrix which simulates the language model of Ci-poetry by learning from a given corpus. To begin with an initial word, we can hide secret message when we use the state transfer matrix to choose a next word, and iterating until the end of the whole Ci poem. Extensive experiments are conducted and both machine and human evaluation results show that our method can generate Ci-poetry with higher naturalness than former researches and achieve competitive embedding rate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.223-241
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• 1995

Ji Cheng's great work on garden design, the 'Yuanye'(Craft of garden), written in 1631 and originally published in 1634 is the first surviving manual on landscape gardening in the Chinese tradition. This study aims at investigating not only Ji Cheng's life, achievements companionship and design activities, but also the xylographic copies, literary style, and framework of Yuanye in their historical context in order to provide the bases for further study, Ji Cheng was exellent in poetry and painting. And he constructed Dongdiyuan in Changzhou around 1623, Wuyuan in Yiaheng in 1631, and Yingyuan in Yangzhou around 1634 But no poems, paintings, and gardens designed by hi shill exist Therefore his design phi philosophy is able to be interpreted only by his work, Yuanye. After publishing, Yuanye fell into obscurity for several centuries in Chlna. It was redescovered and reprinted for the first time in 1931. Yuanye is composed of prefaces and main text The main text is divided into 'the Theory of Construction' and 'on Gardens', and the latter also into 10 sections. In this text Ji Cheng explains the aesthetic principles underlying garden design and the appropriate emotional response to various efftcts Especially, he emphasizes the importance of basin the garden design on the taxi ting nature and features of landscape and making use of natural scenery. The literary style of the book is highly mannered, and there are so many poetic descriptions and Ji Cheng's native Jiangsu dialects. So the translation of the original text is very difficult After this, the major design concepts of Ji Cheng's landscape gardening theory and whole network of these concepts have to be studied.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.563-581
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• 2009

In this study we review the representations used for emphasizing the significance and requirement of mathematics in Chinese and Korean mathematics text(算學書). Especially, we study four terms; first 六藝之一(육예지일, one of the six arts), second 伏義(복희, Fuxi) 周公(주공, Zhougong) 孔子(공자, Kongzi) 孔門(공문, Kongmen), third 道(도, dao) (색, ze) 微奧(미오, weiai) 精微(정미, jingwei), forth 經世之實用(경세지실용, usefulness in the real life). Through these representations that can be seen in the many mathematics text, we consider the author's efforts to improve the mathematics.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-129
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• 2013

Objective : Most disease of the aged comprise chronic illness, hence the diet is important. Yet, the study on diet methodology for the remedy of the aged folks' aliments is scarce. The diet for the aged must be easy to digest- in regard to the physiological features of the aged, delightfully chewable, while meeting the expectation and guaranteeing nutrition-supply and remedial efficacy. Material and Method : This study is designed to accomplish following things with the Yang-lo-bong-chin-seo, a text on maintaining and upbringing the health for the aged: (1) classify the food recorded in the text in terms of cooking methods, (2) then sort the main ingredients in remedial herbal rice porridge(Yak-sun-jook) in food material science manner, (3) evaluate the cooking methods of the porridge for each and various symptoms, and (4) assess the features of each ingredient of the porridge, the value of it both in oriental medicine's and nutrition's scope. Results : 1) Among 64 main dishes recorded in Yang-lo-bong-chin-seo, rice porridge composes the majority, which is 64%. Stew and soup account for 60% of side dishes. 2) In 15 food cures, 43 remedial herbal rice porridges(Yak-sun-jook) were recorded. 3) Yak-sun-jook utilizes most chinese herbs as its food material. 4) Yak-sun-jook is made more with vegetable ingredients than animal ingredients and consist highly of chinese herbs. 5) Main ingredients in the porridges are effective in disease cure in addition to sufficient, well-balanced nutrition. 6) Cooking method of the porridge is grinding chinese herbs into powder or boiling them for a long time. Conclusion: All forementioned steps build the informational foundation - for this purpose the information be utilized - for making possible the development and the devising of pragmatic and feasible Remedial herbal rice porridge(Yak-sun-jook).

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.267-295
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the material status of women's epistolary literature published in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s and analyze gender consciousness shown in them. To this end, five kinds of representative modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s were selected and 55 women's letters published in them were summarized. Through this, it was pointed out that the subjects of women's epistolary literature are mainly 'males' of families and the form of 'reply.' This implies that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese recognized women's Chinese letters as a secondary means to prepare for inevitable communication with men rather than the leading medium of communication. The first aspect of gender consciousness shown in women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is to reaffirm the traditional gender order by calling and resetting women as the position and role in the family. The second aspect of gender consciousness is that female education materials which seemed to reflect the modern gender order are actually mentioned under the very skeptical view. The third characteristic aspect of gender consciousness is that the motif of 'discipline about economic activity' is only noticeable in women's epistolary published in modern study materials for writing letters. This setting was regarded as a means that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese transferred the responsibilities of maintaining livelihood and managing household to women. Women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is the material which is noticeable in terms of showing the possibility of female Chinese Writing in modern times but according to the analysis of this paper, it is the text showing female form and women's writing judged within thoroughly male-centered imagination. That is, women's epistle text has a significance that allows us to read conservative reentry of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese more clearly.